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Rewriting the Hallams: Research in 18th Century British and American Theatre

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2009

Robert J. Myers  and
Joyce Brodowski
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Extract

In this paper we will focus on the Hallams, major originators and sustainers of the eighteenth-century American theatre. We have not attempted to write their biographies, only to present new information that can provide answers to long-standing questions and suggest alternatives to earlier assumptions. Among other things, we present the case for George Hallam, not Thomas, being the father of the line of actors; we have established the probable paternity for Nancy Hallam; we have discovered the wills of both William Hallam and Lewis Hallam II; we have more fully identified Lewis II's first wife, Sarah Perry; and we have found new information concerning his second wife, Eliza Tuke.

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Articles
Information
Theatre Survey , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , May 2000 , pp. 1 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © American Society for Theatre Research 2000

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References

1. Highfill, Philip Jr. in “The British Background of the American Hallams,” Theatre Survey 11 (May 1970), 1–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers, and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800, ed. Highfill, Philip Jr., Bumim, Kalman et al. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1973–1993), 7: 44—45Google Scholar, identify Thomas Hallam as the father, rather than the brother of Adam, Ann, Lewis, William, and the other children. These are the two most extensive and useful sources of information on the Hallams.

2. Possibly there were other children born between 1710 and 1720, but we have not yet found christening records for them. William, who is not listed, is generally assumed to have been forty-six years old when he died in 1758, making his birth date in 1712.

3. The National Library in Dublin, the Greater London Record Office, Guildhall Library, and the City of Westminster Archives have these parish records in manuscript and on microfilm. The records are also listed in the International Genealogical Index (Salt Lake City: Church of Jesus Christ of Later-Day Saints, [198–?])Google Scholar, and copies of the originals can be ordered from the Family History Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Salt Lake City. We have not found records of any children of a Thomas Hallam in this period, either in London, Dublin, or the provinces.

4. Although a Richard Hallam was living in London in the St. Dionis Backchurch parish, he was not a member of the acting family, at least in the generation that interests us. This Richard was born in the 1660s and was a packer by trade.

5. Clark, William Smith, The Early Irish Stage: The Beginnings to 1720 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955)Google Scholar and Greene, John C. and Clark, Gladys L.H., The Dublin Stage, 1720–1745 (Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press, 1993Google Scholar) cover the periods when the Hallams would have been performing in Ireland. These books, when they refer to the Hallams, assume that the actor mentioned in the early eighteenth century was Adam Hallam. The assumption seems to be based solely on Adam Hallam's signature in the front of the Smock Alley prompt copy of The Spanish Wives (London, 1696Google Scholar) which is now in the Harvard Theatre Collection. The casts list “Hallam” as a player, not specifically “Adam Hallam.” The early period that Hallam spent in Dublin coincides with Joseph Ashbury's years as manager of the Smock Alley Theatre. Ashbury did not live in the area of the theatre, but had a house across the Liffey in Oxmantown in St. Michan's parish. This is the parish where some of George Hallam's children were christened.

6. If Ann Hallam and Sacheverel Hale were married before 1739 when she made her first appearance on the Covent Garden stage, and had their daughter before that time, Ann could well have been the daughter of George and Mary Hallam who was born in Dublin in 1698. Hale had an interest in the Bristol theatre, and Ann Hallam, part of a family of strolling actors, could have performed there as other members of her family did. Hale died in Bristol in August 1746, at a time when Ann Hallam Hale and Lewis and Sarah Smythies Hallam were performing there. Ann Hallam Hale was given a widow's benefit, acting in The Distress 'd Mother in August 1746 but did not have her benefit as “Widow Hale” until May 1747 when The Provok'd Wife was performed.

7. The records of all the Royal Chapels are at the Public Records Office, not out at Kew. These include the Whitehall Palace Chapel where Adam Hallam and Elizabeth Carter were married. PRO RG8–77 covers the marriages from 1729 to 1754 and includes an index. PRO LC 5/211 is another copy. Could this Elizabeth Carter be the Hallam connection with the Rich family? In 1684 the Rich and Carter families were united in marriage when a Joseph Rich married an Elizabeth Carter at the Church of St. Edmund the King and Martyr in Lombard Street. Brigg, William, transc., The Parish Registers of St. Edmund the King and Martyr, Lombard Street, London, 1670–1812 (London, 1892Google Scholar)recorded the marriage of Joseph Rich of St. James Garlickhithe, London, and Elizabeth Carter of St. Edmond Lombard Street, London, on 21 December 1684. This same register also recorded the 11 August 1739 marriage of “Adam Hallam of St. Gyles in ye Fields, Midd. Widower and Bethia Bressey of the same, Spinster.”

8. The source for the marriage of Adam Hallam and Bethia Bressey is mentioned above. The deaths of William Hallam's wife, Anne Parker, and Adam Hallam's wife, Bethia Bressey, both in June 1740, were noted in the London Daily Post. The record of Adam Hallam's being named administra-tor of Bethia Bressey Hallam's estate is in the Probate Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury (Probate 6/111). There are two dates listed: 16 April and 21 October 1741. No will is recorded there. The records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury are at the Public Record Office at Kew and are also on microfilm at the Family Records Center in London. Often wills and administrations were probated through this court because estates were frequently held in more than one jurisdiction.

9. Bannerman, W. Bruce, Registers of St. Martin Outwich, London (London, 1905)Google Scholar, 2 November 1743. Adam Hallam of the Parish of St. Gyles in the Fields in the County of Middlesex and Isabella Agar in the Parish of St. Stephen's near Canterbury in the County of Kent. In 1741, according to Rosenfeld, Sybil in Strolling Players and Drama in the Provinces (Cambridge: university Press, 1939), 235—236Google Scholar, a London Company that included Adam Hallam was in Kent. Perhaps a Canterbury performance brought them together.

10. Isabella Hallam Mattocks in a letter to J. Hill, Esq., 19 June 1800 (Harvard Theatre Collection) says that her uncle was an admiral, but does not identify him by name. Charnock, John, Biographia Navalis (London, 1794—1798)Google Scholar, does list a Thomas Hallum (sic) who retired in 1780. who was appointed a rear-admiral on the superannuated list in 1793. Dunlap, William, History of the American Theatre (New York, 1832)Google Scholar, 5, says that the Hallam killed by Macklin was the brother of William and Lewis Hallam and that there was yet another brother who was an admiral. Lewis Hallam was Dunlap's source. The other brother could have been either Richard or George, neither of whom seems to have been active in the theatre.

11. The burial records of St. Martin's in the Fields are on microfilm at the City of Westminster Archives. They state that the burial was on 26 May 1735. There is a discrepancy here; the entries in the Biographical Dictionary and various London newspapers say that Thomas Hallam was injured on 10 May 1735 and died on 11 May 1735. It seems questionable that, even in the case of murder, the body would have been kept for fifteen days before burial.

12. The records of St. Botolph Aldgate are on microfilm at the Guildhall Library. There is no record of a burial of a Thomas Hallam in 1735 in that parish.

13. Lewis Hallam and Sarah Smythies were married in 1733. This date would be consistent with their ages and their children's birthdates. We have not found the birth record for Lewis and assume he was born between 1709 and 1714.

14. The information that the Hallams were related to the Riches came from Isabella Hallam. We know there were two Sarah Riches in London at this time, but there is no evidence that either married Lewis Hallam. One Sarah Rich, daughter of John and Elizabeth Rich, was christened at St. Anne's Soho on 20 March 1708. The other Sarah was christened on 25 June 1719 at St. Clement Danes. A Sarah Rich married a Daniel Withy on 21 July 1734 at St. Anne's Soho.

15. The International Genealogical Index and parish registers record the births and marriages of these families.

16. Dunlap, , History of American Theatre, 5, is the source for Lewis Hallam being twelve when he appeared in Virginia in 1752Google Scholar, but Hallam's, obituary notice in the Maryland Gazette on 17 November 1808Google Scholar says that he was in his seventy-fifth year, in which case he would have been born in 1734 and eighteen years of age in 1752. The New York Commercial Advertiser of 5 November 1808 carried an identical notice. There is an additional question whether the Lewis christened in Devon in 1740 is our Lewis Hallam. In 1796 and 1797 a Lewis and Jane Hallam celebrated the christenings of two of their children: Anne on 2 May 1796 and William Lewis on 9 November 1797 at St. Lawrence's Church in Exeter. There is also the question of the identity of the Miss Hallam who appeared with the company in America between 1752 and 1754. Was she the daughter of Lewis and Sarah? Their niece? We still have no christening information for her.

17. Biographical Dictionary, 31.

18. The Virginia Gazette, 17 November 1752.

19. The A-Z of Georgian London (based on Rocque's, John map of 1746 [London: Harry Margary in association with the Guildhall Library, 1981])Google Scholar. The Rocque map gives a picture of some of the streets in the area. Today only a few remnants of the area as it was in the mid-eighteenth century remain, but it is still possible to walk some of the original streets. Leman (Lemon) Street exists, but Hooper's Square, the location of the New Wells Theatre, has been converted into modern flats and there is no longer evidence of a square. Ayliffe Street is now Commercial Road, a busy highway. Lambeth Street, Mill Yard, Masters Gardens are gone, but Gower Street endures, a reminder of times past. A modern bank in the area is called the Goodman's Fields branch. St. Mary Whitechapel, the parish church, was bombed in December 1940 during the Second World War. Only the outline of the church and a few cemetery stones remain.

20. The Arnold Collection in the Harvard Theatre Collection has nineteenth century playbills from the English provinces, several of which date from the early part of the century when a Mr. and Mrs. Hallam were active. In 1804 a benefit performance was held for Mrs. Hallam and her three orphaned children. Following that, a Master Hallam appeared on stage with his mother. We question whether he was the Hallam, John mentioned in Odell, George, Annals of the New York Stage, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1928), 3: 171Google Scholar.

21. Middlesex County Records, Calendar of the Sessions Book, Nos. 1049–1090 and Orders of Court, Jan. 1747–48 to December 1751 with Index. Orders of Court. Vol. 5. Session Book. No. 1080. “Session held at Hicks Hall, February 1750–51,” 130–36; 221–22. Copies are at the Greater London Record Office on Northampton Road, London.

22. Microfilms of the St. Clement Danes records are at the City of Westminster Archives. Some of the records were also printed by the Harleian Society. We wonder at the possibility that the young girl who traveled to America with the Hallams in 1752 was Bethia, William's daughter. She has not been clearly identified. It seems probable that she was not living in 1758 when William died, for she is not mentioned in his will.

23. London Daily Post, 20 April 1739. The New Wells theatre that William started in Goodman's Fields was not a successor of the Odell or Giffard theatres. Rosenfeld, Sybil, “Theatres in Goodman's Fields,” Theatre Notebook I (July 1946), 48–50Google Scholar, and Hogan, Charles B., “New Wells, Goodman's Fields,” Theatre Notebook III (1949), 1–35Google Scholar, give a good picture of these three theatres.

24. Isaac Reed, Notitia Dramatica (BM Ms 25391), records much about the Hallams, the New Wells, and the various fairs around London.

25. The microfilm of the burial records at Stepney, St. Mary Whitechapel (X24/11), covering the period from March 1743 to March 1767, are at the Greater London Record Office.

26. There are two manuscript ledgers at the Greater London Record Office. St. Mary Whitechapel, Tithe Collector's Book (1), Brick Lane District, n.d. (Pre–1753) PR3. MRY/1/117. In this ledger is listed a Hallum at Hooper's Square, where Hallam was taxed at 8s, and at The Mill Yard, where Hallum “for Wells” was taxed 8s. This might date the Tithe Book in the mid 1740s. This same book also lists an Edward Charlton at No. 6 High Street, possibly the same Edward Charlton who shows up in Williamsburg as early as 1752 and as a wigmaker in the 1760s. The second Tithe Collector's book, St. Mary Whitechapel, 1758 Tithe Collector's Book, Goodman's Fields, PR93. MRY/1/118, does not list any Hallams. In it, No. 8 Lambeth Street is listed as The Wells, now Meeting House. We wonder whether this was Lewis Hallam's Taphouse Wells, listed in the Gower suit, mentioned above; whether it was where William Hallam was living in 1750 and 1751; or whether it was yet another building where William had moved the theatre.

27. The Stepney St. Mary Whitechapel parish records are available at the Greater London Record Office and include baptisms, marriages, and burials. Some records are available in manuscript while others can be read only on microfilm. The baptismal records list a number of Hallams and Harmans (see pp. 6–7 of the article). The birth of Henry Giffard on 31 August 1735 is also listed; he was the son of the same-named London actor who had theatres in Goodman's Fields and Lincoln's Inn Fields. The son acted in North Carolina in the 1760s; during the Revolution he was in Jamaica with Hallam's company and after the war he returned to America to continue his career.

28. Middlesex County Records, Calendar of Sessions Books, Nos. 1049–1090, and Orders of Court, Jan. 1747–8 to December 1751. Orders of Court, vol. 5. “Sessions at Hicks Hall, No. 1075. May, July 1750,” 100, 106–11, 205–9.

29. Dunlap, History, 33.

30. See Scouten, Arthur H., The London Stage, vols. 3 and 4, (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1960)Google Scholar, for cast lists of some fairs. See Charke, Charlotte, A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Charlotte Charke (London, 1755)Google Scholar and Morgan, Fidelis with Charke, Charlotte, The Well-Known Troublemaker. A Life of Charlotte Charke (London: Faber and Faber. 1988)Google Scholar, for the Harman/Charke marriage.

31. The will was probated in New York because William's theatre properties were there. More will be said about this in the next section.

32. We do not know whether the Mrs. Owen Morris mentioned here was Owen's first wife, Katherine Jones, whom he married in England, or someone else. We can be fairly sure it was not the Mrs. Morris who drowned while traveling to New York in 1767. Owen married that young woman, Mary Ann Allen, in St. Philip's Church in Charleston on 16 May 1764. There is some indication that the Mrs. Morris who was with the company in 1762 was ill. Adam Hallam complained about the need to postpone his benefit more than once because of her illness. This may have been Katherine Jones Morris.

33. New York (County) Surrogate's Court, Liber 21, 195–97. We have seen only the copy in the Liber book. Original wills, inventories, etc. dating from the years after 1830 are in the County Archives in Queens. According to the supervisor and staff of the Surrogate's Court Record Room, no files exist for anything prior to 1830. [Ed.: Professor William Green kindly informs me that the original will is at Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York.]

34. Seilhamer, George O., History of the American Theatre Before the Revolution (1888; reprint New York: Greenwood Press, 1968), 1:104Google Scholar.

35. See New York Marriage Bonds 1753–1783 (Albany: Weed, Parsons, 1860)Google Scholar. Hallam, Ann. Oct. 31, 1759. [Ann Hallam of the City of____, widow, and Henry Robinson. Henry Robinson, Walter Brock (2:481) s/.] Several Henry Robinsons were around in that period; one was a seacaptain, another an Ensign in the 17th English Regiment.

36. Scott, Kenneth, compl., New York Marriage Bonds, (New York: St. Nicholas Society, 1972) 181Google Scholar.

37. Pollock, Thomas Clark. The Philadelphia Theatre in the Eighteenth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1933), 80–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

38. New York (County) Surrogate's Court, Liber 26, 407–8. Mr. Perry was a watchmaker who kept a shop in the area near the theatre in New York.

39. At the time of Thomas Perry's death, Sarah and Lewis had one child, Lewis Douglass Hallam. Mervin Hallam was born in 1771. Sarah acted in a few productions shortly after their marriage, but her name disappears from the playbills after 1762. According to Seilhamer, (History of the American Theatre),l:167Google Scholar, and Pollock, Thomas C., Philadelphia Theatre in the 18th Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1933), 93CrossRefGoogle Scholar, a Master Hallam, appeared in a production of All for Love on 9 March 1767Google Scholar. Possibly this was Lewis Douglass Hallam. Sarah did not perform with the company at that time and when All for Love was next performed in New York, the part Master Hallam had taken was played by Maria Storer. Sarah was still identifying herself as the wife of Lewis Hallam in 1787 (York County Order Book 5, 20 November 1787, 514).

40. These records are in the Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis. Anne Arundel County, Judgments. EB #2 Fol., 95–106; 121–27; 163; 426–27. In addition to suits filed by Sarah Hallam against Parker and Verling, there are others on the pages above filed by Richard and Edward Charlton, Robert Jones, Samuel Chase, and William Hardy against Verling. The Library at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has negative microfilm copies of these records (PH 00 1769).

41. Letter of David Douglass to Thomas Bradford. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Bradford Collection, 2 June 1770.

42. The misdated playbill at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation can be correctly dated as Wednesday, 20 June 1770. Manuscript Account Book of Edward Charlton, 1769–73. Galt Manuscripts, Research Department, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.

43. Dr. Galt's papers in Special Collections at The College of William and Mary indicate a payment by Mrs. Hallam to Dr. Galt in 1771. This might have been for services in connection with Mervin's birth. As for the use of “Mervin,” rather than “Mirvan,” the former was the spelling for Sarah's brother in Thomas Perry's will and we have adopted that usage. Microfilm copies of the Galt papers are at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.

44. Mr. Melmoth played Hamlet when the work was next performed. Stone, George W. Jr., The London Stage 1660–1800, Part 4, 1747–1776 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1962), 1860, 1870Google Scholar.

45. Royal Gazette, 23 September 1780. Kingston, September 23. “On Thursday night last, after a painful illness of twenty-one days, departed this life, Mr. L.D. Hallam, jun. in the 19th year of his age—The loss of this amiable, and worthy young man, is deeply regretted by every person that was connected with him in friendship or business:—in friendship, he was steady, disinterested, and honourable:—in his medical capacity, ingenious, faithful, and industrious. With the most heart-felt concern, one who knew him, feels the influence of his virtues, in deploring that they exist no more!”

46. York County Order Book 5, 1784–1787: “Upon the Petition of Maria Digges Against Marvin [sic] Hallam. 261, 19 Dec. 1785”; “Upon the Petition of Jane Vobe Against Merwin [sic] Hallam. 325, 15 May 1786”; “John Coke Against Mervin Hallam. In Debt. 351, 22 August 1786”. The medical accounts for Mervin Hallam indicate that he was married and had a son. In The 1787 Census of Virginia, 3 vols. (Springfield, 1787)Google Scholar, 1448–50, the Williamsburg City Tax List places Mervin Hallam under the tax of Sarah Hallam; she has four in her household, plus two Negroes.

47. The property was on the corner of York Road and Waller Street. The houses are no longer there, having been moved some years ago to the corner of Francis and Waller Streets. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has records of the property and Sarah's house in their House Records.

48. York County Order Book 5, 20 November 1787, 514; 22 November 1787, 519. York County Order Book 6, 18 March 1788, “John Carter against Sarah Hallam. In Debt”. The court report of 20 November 1787, 514, mentions Lewis Hallam. The Humphrey Harwood Ledgers at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundations lists several repairs Harwood made for Sarah Hallam.

49. The Apothecary-Surgeon Day Book (1782–1797) for Drs. Gait and Barraud, 101, lists Mrs. Hallam's account as of 25 November 1792. Her obituary appeared in several papers, including the Virginia Herald and Fredericksburg Advertiser, 6 December 1792. Two letters in Galt Collection: to Dr. Alexander Galt from James Greenhow, February 1793; to Alexander Galt from Lucretia Craig, May 1793.

50. Sarah Hallam Douglass's death had been reported on several occasions, in 1773, 1774, 1775. Seilhamer, , History of the American Theatre, 1:339Google Scholar, accepted the report of John North, custodian of the Southwark Theatre, that she died in Philadelphia in 1774 and was buried in the Presbyterian Cemetery. No records at the Presbyterian Historical Society confirm this. The notice in the Jamaica Gazette, 1 July 1775, announced the production of Romeo and Juliet with Mrs. Douglass as Lady Capulet. Isaac Reed, Notitia Dramatica, 283r, reported that she died in Jamaica in April 1777. “In April this year died Mrs. Douglass formerly Mrs. Hallam mother to Mrs. Mattocks at Spanish Town Jamaica.…” The Jamaica newspapers reported the death of a Mrs. Douglass in March 1777, but this person was the wife of James S. Douglass, not David. David Douglass remarried in 1778.

51. Bradford Collection, Correspondence. Annapolis, 10 September 1784, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

52. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Bradford Collection, Legal Papers, 1 April 1785. Douglass and Hallam. This transfer is not listed in the real estate transactions in Philadelphia, perhaps because Douglass did not own the land but only had a lease on the property.

53. History, 170.

54. Odell, , Annals of the New York Stage, 1:237Google Scholar.

55. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Bradford Collection, Undated Correspondence

56. Pennsylvania Herald & General Advertiser, 5 September 1787.

57. Linn, John B. and Egle, Wm. H., ed. Pennsylvania Archives. Second Series, Philadelphia, Christ Church, Marriages 1709–1800 (Harrisburg: State Printer. 1880), 8:111, 14 January 1793Google Scholar. The year listed in the archives is inaccurate, and Miss Tuke's name is mistakenly printed as Luke. The marriage was also reported in The New York Weekly Museum for 19 January 1793.

58. Quoted in Rankin, Theatre in Colonial America, 196–97.

59. MrsRyan, advertised in the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser for 8 June 1786 and 16 June 1786Google Scholar for someone with acting experience willing to take over the management of the American Company of Comedians. An item in the Charleston Morning Post for 11 July 1786 noted James Verling Godwin's offer to Mrs. Ryan to join him. Mrs. Ryan did not accept.

60. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Bradford Collection, Undated Correspondence. The letter's month and day, August 31st, Thursday, places it in 1786.

61. See Maria Henry's sad letters to Sarah Bache of 7 October 1793 (American Philosophical Society, Sarah Franklin Bache Papers) and to Thomas Bradford, 24 May 1794 (Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Bradford Collection). They tell of Eliza Jane Henry's death from yellow fever in Jamaica and John Henry's increasingly fragile health.

62. New York County, Register, Deed New York City, Lib. 56, 289, 30 June 1794, John Henry to Lewis Hallam. Recorded 18 March 1799. The original of this deed is in the Huntingdon Library. Seilhamer, , History, 3:99Google Scholar, and Odell, , Annals, 1:360Google Scholar, quote the figure as $10,000. We have not found any record in the New York City deeds of the transfer from Hallam to Hodgkinson. Hodgkinson gives his version of events, using $10,000 as the amount he paid, but complaining that Hallam cheated him by transferring only part of Henry's shares to him. See Hodgkinson, John, A Narrative of His Connections with the Old American Company, from the Fifth September 1792, to the Thirty First of March 1797 (New York, 1797)Google Scholar.

63. Ibid. The final transfer of the properties occurred in 1799 when Hallam and Hodgkinson sold the John Street Theatre.

64. New York County Register. New York City Deed, Lib. 127, 165–68. John and Elizabeth Gamage to Lewis Hallam. This transaction is shown in the New York County Real Estate Conveyance Deeds, Book 8, Section 1, Block 65, Lot 24. The house was just across the street from the John Street Theatre and was heavily mortgaged until it was sold in 1818, the year the sale was actually recorded.

65. New York (County) Register of Deeds, Liber 59, 254. Registered 3 November 1800. Hallam/Hodgkinson to George Stanton. New York (County) Register of Deeds, Liber 50, 256. Registered 3 November 1800. Hallam/Hodgkinson to Jonathan Little. New York (County) Register of Deeds, Liber 74, 185, 30 May 1798. Registered 14 March 1807.

66. Register of Wills in and for the County of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Will No. 127. Year 1808. Lewis Hallam. The will was signed by Lewis Hallam but appears to have been handwritten by Thomas Bradford, Jun. The 1800 census for New York places Hallam in the 4th Ward and lists only three persons in the household: a male under 10; a male over 45; a female between 26 and 45. There are no Hallams in either the New York or Philadelphia Census of 1810.

67. Christ Church Burials, 1785–1900. Collections. (Philadelphia: The Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, 1907), 176:3642Google Scholar.

68. Maryland Gazette, 17 November 1808.

69. Mervin did not live with his father in New York. The 1800 New York Census has him living in the 5th Ward, with four people in his household: one male under 10; one male between 10 and 16; one male between 26 and 45; and one female between 16 and 45. His public house is noted by Odell, , Annals, 2:320Google Scholar, and his death at age 39 is in the same volume, 378–9.

70. Dearstyne, , David Morton House and Shop, Isham Goddin Shop Historical Report, Block 7 Building 15 A-C, 47 Lot 23. Library Research Report Series, No. 1091. (Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1990), 8Google Scholar.

71. Undated letter Eliza Hallam to M.E. Hoopman, Philadelphia. Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, Scharf Collection, MSA S1005, 123/8. “My Dear M E Hoopman when this you See remember me when I am dead and gone eather above or down below there is nothing surer than pain in the breast from consumpsion Rebecca Winamore is sitting at the window while I am writing this watching Bill Ingham dancing about the room in his shirt tail.”

72. William Lewis Hallam's death notice appeared in The Maryland Gazette, 1 September 1825; he died on 24 August of that year, in his thirtieth year.