Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T20:09:04.740Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Speed of Function, Thought-Process Disorder and Flattening of Affect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Joan Draffan*
Affiliation:
University Department of Psychiatry (Royal Edinburgh Hospital), Edinburgh; and Cotuit Hall, Headington, Oxford

Extract

Retardation, i.e. abnormal slowness in performing mental and/or motor tasks, is frequently noted as being a prominent feature of schizophrenia. While some writers describe it as being merely one of the several clinical signs and symptoms of schizophrenia, others suggest that retardation has a causative role, and is a basic disorder underlying antisociability and withdrawal from reality (Babcock, 1933), intellectual deficit (Shapiro and Nelson, 1955), affective flattening (Harris and Metcalfe, 1956), thought-process disorder (e.g. Yates, 1966), and other disorders.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1972 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Babcock, H. (1933). Dementia Praecox. A Psychological Study. Science Press.Google Scholar
Babcock, H. and Levy, L. (1940). Manual of Directions for the Revised Examination of the Measurement of Efficiency of Mental Functioning. Stoelting.Google Scholar
Bannister, D., and Fransella, F. (1966). ‘A grid test of schizophrenic thought disorder.’ British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 5, 95102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W. (1960). ‘Length of hospital stay and schizophrenia: a review of statistical studies.’ Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, 35, 404–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, F. G. G. (1969). ‘Though disorder, flattening of affect, and personal constructs.’ Unpubl. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Court, J. H., and Garwoli, E. (1968). ‘Schizophrenic performance on a reaction time task with increasing levels of complexity.’ British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 216–23.Google Scholar
Dixon, P. M. (1968). ‘Reduced emotional responsiveness in schizophrenia.’ Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A. (1965). Personality and Personal Illness. Tavistock.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A., Hope, K., McPherson, F. M., and Mayo, P. R. (1967). ‘Cognitive disorder among the schizophrenias: II. Differences between the subcategories.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 113, 1369–74.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A., and Hope, K., (1968). Manual of Symptom Sign Inventory, University of London Press.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A., Hope, K., McPherson, F. M., and Mayo, P. R. (1968). ‘Paranoid delusions, retardation and overinclusive thinking.’ Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 177–8.3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foulds, G. A., Hope, K., McPherson, F. M., Mayo, P. R., (1969). ‘Cognitive disorder among the schizophrenias: III. ‘Retardation.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 177–80.Google Scholar
Furneaux, W. D. (1956). Manual of Nufferno Speed Tests. University of London Press.Google Scholar
Harris, A. A., and Metcalfe, M. (1956). ‘Inappropriate affect.’ Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 19, 308–13.Google Scholar
Hawks, D. V., and Marshall, W. L. (1971). ‘A parsimonious theory of overinclusive thinking and retardation in schizophrenia.’ British Journal of Medical Psychology, 44, 7583.Google Scholar
Hawks, D. V., and Robinson, K. M. (1971). ‘Information processing in schizophrenia: the effect of varying the rate of presentation and introducing interference.’ British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 3041.Google Scholar
Johannson, W. J., Friedman, S. H., Leitschun, T. H., and Ammons, H. (1963). ‘A study of certain schizophrenic dimensions and their relationship in double alteration.’ Journal of Consulting Psychology, 27, 375–82.Google Scholar
Kelly, G. A. (1955). The Psychology of Personal Constructs. Vols. I and II. Norton.Google Scholar
McPherson, F. M., Barden, V., Hay, A. J., Johnstone, D. W., and Kushner, A. W. (1970a). ‘Flattening of affect and personal constructs.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 3943.Google Scholar
McPherson, F. M., Barden, V., and Buckley, F. (1970b). ‘The use of psychological constructs by affectively flattened schizophrenics.’ British Journal of Medical Psychology, 43, 291–4.Google Scholar
Nelson, E. H. (1953). An Experimental Investigation of Intellectual Speed and Power in Mental Disorders. Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Payne, R. W. (1960). ‘Cognitive abnormalities.’ In Eysenck, H. J. (ed.). Handbook of Abnormal Psychology, Pitman.Google Scholar
Payne, R. W., and Hewlett, J. H. G. (1960). ‘Thought disorder in psychotic patients.’ In Eysenck, H. J. fed.). Experiments in Personality. Vol. II. Routledge-Kegan Paul. Google Scholar
Payne, R. W., Caird, W. K., and Laverty, S. G. (1964). ‘Overinclusive thinking and delusions in schizophrenic patients.’ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68, 561–8.Google Scholar
Presly, A. (1969). ‘ “Slowness and performance on the Grid Test for thought disorder.”’ British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8, 7980.Google Scholar
Rimoldi, H. J. A. (1951). ‘Personal tempo.’ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology., 46, 283303.Google Scholar
Rush, L. (1970). ‘Flatness of affect in schizophrenia: its measurement and relationship to subclassification.’ Unpubl. M.A. Dissert. University of Western Ontario.Google Scholar
Senf, R., Huston, P. E., and Shakow, D. (1955). In Payne, R. W. (1960), op cit. Google Scholar
Shapiro, M. B., and Nelson, E. H. (1955). ‘Investigation of the nature of cognitive impairment in co-operative psychiatric patients.’ British Journal of Medical Psychology, 28, 239–56.Google Scholar
Shakow, D. (1962). ‘Segmental set: a theory of formal psychological deficit in schizophrenia.’ Archives of General Psychiatry, 6, 147.Google Scholar
Shakow, D. and Huston, P. E. (1936). ‘Studies of motor function in schizophrenia: I. Speed of tapping.’ Journal of General Psychology, 15, 63105.Google Scholar
Wittenborn, J. R., and Holzberg, J. D. (1951). ‘The Wechsler-Bellevue and descriptive diagnosis.’ Journal of Consulting Psychology, 15, 325–9.Google Scholar
Yates, A. (1966). ‘Data processing levels in thought disorder in schizophrenia.’ Australian Journal of Psychology, 18, 103–17.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.