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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2016
The Photographic Vertical Circle (PVC) was constructed in Pulkovo shops in 1962 according to idea of M. Zverev for absolute determinations of declinations of stars. Observations were made at the observatory Serro-Calan in Chile by Chilean and Soviet astronomers in 1964-1966. The PVC is an experimental instrument: it is the first reflector and the first photographic instrument for absolute observations. It has two circles and each circle has four photographic microscopes.