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Miracle, Meaning and Narrative in the Latin East

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Yvonne Friedman*
Affiliation:
Bar-Ilan University, Israel

Extract

In medieval narrative the First Crusade and the founding of the Latin kingdom were perceived as Gesta Dei per Francos – God’s own deed. Having no doubt that the success of the First Crusade was a miracle, God’s intervention in history, the chroniclers’ rendering of events was accordingly replete with miracles, such as the discovery of the Holy Lance in Antioch and the saints’ taking an active role in the battle against Kirbogha of Mosul in 1098. Even in the more level-headed historical narratives, military success was seen as a miracle and failures were attributed to the sins of the participants who were not pure enough to merit a miracle. Thus the miraculous intervention of God in history became the logical consequence of the prowess and religious behavior of the crusaders, an almost expected outcome of natural events.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2005

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References

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30 ‘Danishmend’s wife, secretly a Christian, had pity on the Christian man in all ways, and as befitted the noble duke, she sent to him by way of secret intermediaries food, clothing and other needful things. And also, if at any time she perceived that her husband was undertaking anything crueler against the prisoner, she [started to] soften his anger with wifely blandishments, and by coaxing, threatening and promising to ensure that the guards would not injure the captive nor annoy him with any insults’: ActaSS, 6 Nov., iii, 163.

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35 For the dissemination of the narrative, see William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglomm, ed. and transl. R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1998), 692–3: ‘Not long afterwards he came to Gaul, and there offered as a guerdon to St Leonard the gyves that had been such a burden to himself. For St Leonard is foremost, it is said, in power to loose a man from bondage, so that the captive is set free and bears away his chains, while his enemies look on and dare not say a word’. My thanks to Sue Edgington for this reference.

36 OV, 6: 11,12,68.

37 OV, 6: 11, 25,120: ‘cantilena de vobis cantetur in urbe’.

38 ActaSS, 3 Nov., 159–60.

39 Ibid.

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