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Presentation of Keywords by Means of Interactive Drawings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Alfredo Campos ,
Ángeles Amor  and
María Ángeles González
Alfredo Campos*
Affiliation:
University of Santiago de Compostela
Ángeles Amor
Affiliation:
University of A Coruña
María Ángeles González
Affiliation:
University of A Coruña
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Alfredo Campos, Facultad de Psicología.Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain). E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

One of the main outstanding problems in keyword mnemotechnics is whether this technique is more effective when the subjects generate their own keywords, or when the keywords are supplied by the experimenter. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. An alternative method has recently been suggested, in which the keywords are generated by the subjects' peers. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether immediate or delayed recall are affected by keyword generation method (experimenter or peer generation). We also aimed to determine whether the method of keyword generation affects imaging capacity as evaluated by questionnaires or spatial tests. A total of 377 secondary-school students were selected and divided into four groups. All subjects were presented with 30 Latin words. Additionally, the subjects in Group 1 were presented with bizarre images, while the subjects of Group 2 were presented with normal images, in both cases representing the keywords selected by peers as interacting with the Latin words. The subjects in Groups 3 and 4 were likewise presented with normal or bizarre images, respectively, but representing the keywords selected by the experimenters. The subjects' imaging capacity was evaluated by means of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) and the Spatial Test of Primary Mental Abilities (ST-PMA). The results were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with three factors (ST-PMA imaging capacity, 2 levels; VVIQ imaging capacity, 2 levels; and mnemotechnic method, 4 levels) and dependent variables immediate recall and delayed recall. All three factors influenced recall. Subsequent univariate analyses of variance indicated that subjects with high ST-PMA score and subjects with high VVIQ score showed better immediate and delayed recall than subjects with low ST-PMA score and subjects with low VVIQ score. Mnemotechnic method (i.e. whether keywords are generated by the experimenter or by peers) significantly affected immediate recall but not delayed recall.

Uno de los problemas sin resolver en la mnemotecnia de la palabra clave es si ésta resulta más eficaz cuando son los sujetos los que generan sus propias palabras clave o cuando son facilitadas por el experimentador. Los dos métodos tienen ventajas e inconvenientes. Recientemente se ha propuesto una alternativa que consiste en que sean compañeros de los sujetos los que elaboren las palabras clave, alternativa que parece eficaz. En esta investigación se deseaba saber si existía diferencia en el recuerdo inmediato y en el demorado cuando la palabra clave, reforzada con dibujos normales y raros, es elaborada por los experimentadores o cuando es elaborada por compañeros de los sujetos que participan en la investigación. También se deseaba saber si afectaba al recuerdo la capacidad de los sujetos de formar imágenes mentales cuando ésta se evalúa a través de cuestionarios y de pruebas espaciales. Se seleccionó una muestra de 377 estudiantes de ESO que se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos. A todos los sujetos se les presentaron 30 palabra latinas, pero además, al primer grupo se le presentaron dibujos raros, y al segundo se le presentaron dibujos normales, confeccionados con las palabras clave generadas por los compañeros en interacción con el significado de las palabras latinas. A los grupos 3 y 4 también se le presentaron dibujos normales y raros, respectivamente, pero confeccionados con las palabras clave generadas por los experimentadores. También se evaluó la capacidad de los sujetos de formar imágenes mentales a través de un cuestionario, el Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) y de un test espacial, la Escala Espacial del Test de Aptitudes Mentales Primarias (ST-PMA). Se efectuó un Análisis de Varianza (MANOVA) de 2 (ST-PMA capacidad de imagen) × 2 (VVIQ capacidad de imagen) × 4 (método mnemotécnico). Las variables dependientes fueron el recuerdo inmediato y el demorado. Las tres variables influyeron en el recuerdo. Los posteriores ANOVAs indicaron que los sujetos altos en PMA y los sujetos en VVIQ tuvieron un mejor recurdo inmediato y retardado que los sujetos bajos en PMA y en VVIQ. El método mnemotécnico influyó en el recuerdo inmediato, pero no en el retardado.

Keywords

keyword methodmnemonicdrawingsimagerymétodo de la palabra clavemnemónicodibujosimagen
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , November 2002 , pp. 102 - 109
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

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