Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T07:44:42.497Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Fair Conditions and Fair Consequences? Exploring New Labour, Welfare Contractualism and Social Attitudes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 February 2012

Daniel Sage*
Affiliation:
School of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This article explores the intention and effects of New Labour's ‘conditional’ welfare-to-work strategy. Conditionality has been the subject of substantive debate, with New Labour distinguishing its own contractualist welfare reforms from alternative strategies, often associated with ‘punitive’ US workfare. This article assesses whether New Labour's attempt to fashion what is described as ‘reciprocal responsibility’ in welfare arrangements avoided the commonly cited by-products of workfare. To achieve this, evidence is presented from the British Social Attitudes series, which shows a profound hardening of attitudes towards the unemployed. In light of these findings, the evidence supports arguments about the adverse effects that welfare contractualism can have for wider social relations.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahrendt, D. and Young, K. (1994) ‘Authoritarianism updated’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 12th Report, Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing.Google Scholar
Bogdanor, V. (2007) ‘Social democracy’, in Seldon, A. (ed.), Blair's Britain, 1997–2007, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bosanquet, N. (1986) ‘Social policy and the welfare state’, in Jowell, R. and Airey, C. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 1984 Report, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. (1997) ‘Benefit claimants: villains or victims?’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 14th Report – The End of Conservative Values?, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Cairncross, F. (1992) ‘The influence of the recession’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 9th Report, Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing.Google Scholar
Daguerre, A. and Etherington, D. (2009) Active Labour Market Policies in International Context: What Works Best? Lessons for the UK, London: DWP.Google Scholar
Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) (2008) Raising Expectations and Increasing Support: Reforming Welfare for the Future, London: DWP.Google Scholar
Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) (2010) Universal Credit: Welfare that Works, London: DWP.Google Scholar
Driver, S. and Martell, L. (1997) ‘New Labour's communitarinisms’, Critical Social Policy, 17, 52, 2746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwyer, P. (2004) ‘Creeping conditionality in the UK: from welfare rights to conditional entitlements?’, Canadion Journal of Sociology, 29, 2, 265–87.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, N. (2003) After the New Social Democracy: Social Welfare for the Twenty-First Century, Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, A. and White, R. (2007) Attachment to Place, Social Networks, Mobility and Prospects of Young People, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Griggs, J., McLennan, D., Noble, M., Walker, R. and Whitworth, A. (2008) Person or Place-Based Policies to Tackle Disadvantage? Not Knowing What Works, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google ScholarPubMed
Heron, E. and Dwyer, P. (1999) ‘Doing the right thing: Labour's attempt to forge a New Welfare deal between the individual and the state’, Social Policy and Administration, 33, 1, 91104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hills, J. (2001) ‘Poverty and social security. What rights? What responsibilities?’, in Park, A. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 18th Report, London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hills, J. and Lelkes, O. (1999) ‘Social security, selective universalism and patchwork redistribution’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 16th Report – Who Shares New Labour Values?, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Jayasuriya, K. (2002) ‘The new contractualism: neo-liberal or democratic?’, Political Quarterly, 73, 3, 309–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D. (1999) In the Name of Liberalism: Illiberal Social Policy in the USA and Britain, New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D. and Wickham-Jones, M. (1999) ‘Bridging the Atlantic: the Democratic Party origins of welfare-to-work’, in Powell, M. (ed.), New Labour, New Welfare State? The ‘Third Way’ in British Social Policy, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Labour Party (1997) New Deal for a New Britain: Labour's Proposals to Tackle Youth and Long-term Unemployment, London: Labour Party.Google Scholar
Labour Party (1998) Local Policy Forum 1998: Welfare Reform Consultation Paper, London: Labour PartyGoogle Scholar
Labour Party (1999) Welfare: Second-Year Consultation Document, London: Labour PartyGoogle Scholar
Lipsey, D. (1994) ‘Do we really want more public spending?’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 11th Report, Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing.Google Scholar
Lødemel, I. and Trickey, H. (eds.) (2001), An Offer You Can't Refuse: Workfare in International Perspective, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, C. (2001) ‘Enabling participation? New Labour's welfare-to-work policies’, in White, S. (ed.), New Labour: The Progressive Future?, Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Mann, M. (1986) ‘Work and the work ethic’, in Jowell, R., Witherspoon, S. and Brook, L. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 1986 Report, Aldershot: Gower Press.Google Scholar
Orton, M. and Rowlingson, R. (2007) Public Attitudes to Economic Inequality, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Piachaud, D. (1993) What's Wrong with Fabianism?, London: Fabian Society.Google Scholar
Plant, R. (2003), ‘Citizenship and social security’, Fiscal Studies, 24, 2, 153–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandel, M. (1998) What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets, Oxford: Tanner Lectures on Human Values.Google Scholar
Sefton, T. (2003) ‘What we want from the welfare state’, in Park, A. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 20th Report – Continuity and Change Over Two Decades, London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Sefton, T. (2009) ‘Moving in the right direction? Public attitudes to poverty, inequality and redistribution’, in Hills, J., Sefton, T. and Stewart, K. (eds.), Towards a More Equal Society: Poverty, Inequality and Policy since 1997, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (1986) ‘Citizenship and welfare’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 1987 Report, Aldershot: Gower Press.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (1994) ‘Comfortable, marginal and excluded: who should pay higher taxes for a better welfare state?’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 12th Report, Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (1995) ‘Comfortable, marginal and excluded: who should pay higher taxes for a better welfare state?’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 12th Report, Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (1998) ‘Commitment to the welfare state’, in Jowell, R. et al. (eds.), British and European Social Attitudes – How Britain Differs: The 15th Report, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. and Hastie, C. (2002) ‘Support for state spending: has New Labour got it right?’, in Park, A. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 19th Report, London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (2004) ‘The work-centred welfare state’, in Park, A. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 21st Report, London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. and Martin, R. (2008) ‘Trends in sympathy for the poor’, in Park, A. et al. (eds.), British Social Attitudes: The 24th Report, London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Titmuss, R. (1970) The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy, London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Walker, R. and Wiseman, M. (2003) ‘Making welfare work: UK activation policies under New Labour’, International Social Security Review, 56, 1, 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, S. (2000) ‘Social rights and the social contract: political theory and the new welfare politics’, British Journal of Political Science, 30, 3, 507–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar