Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T23:13:08.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

What kind of seed dormancy might palms have?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2013

Jerry M. Baskin  and
Carol C. Baskin
Jerry M. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
Carol C. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
*
*Correspondence E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Palm diaspores are reported to have various kinds of dormancy. However, (1) the embryo is underdeveloped; (2) the endocarp is water permeable; and (3) the diaspores take a long time to germinate. Thus, we conclude that the diaspores of the majority of palm species have morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). The ones that do not have MPD are morphologically dormant.

Keywords

Arecaceaeembryonic axis (inside cotyledonary petiole)endocarp germination pore (‘eye’)haustorium (cotyledonary blade)hypogeal germinationmorphological dormancymorphophysiological dormancyoperculumunderdeveloped embryo
Type
Research Opinion
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 17 - 22
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguiar, M.O. and de Mendonça, M.S. (2002) Aspectos morfo-anatomicos do embriao de Euterpe precatoria Mart. durante o processo germinativo. Acta Botanica Brasilica 16, 241–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aguiar, M.O. and de Mendonça, M.S. (2003) Morfo-anatomia da semente de Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Palmae). Revista Brasileira de Sementes 25, 37–42.Google Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination (2nd edition) . San Diego, Academic Press/Elsevier (in press).Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2004) A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14, 1–16.Google Scholar
Broschat, T.K. (1998) Endocarp removal enhances Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. (pindo palm) seed germination. HortTechnology 8, 586–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, K.E. (1976) Ecological studies of the cabbage palm, Sabal palmetto. III. Seed germination and seedling establishment. Principes 20, 98–115.Google Scholar
Carpenter, W.J. (1987) Temperature and imbibition effects on seed germination of Sabal palmetto and Serenoa repens . HortScience 22, 660.Google Scholar
Carpenter, W.J. (1988) Temperature affects seed germination of four Florida palm species. HortScience 23, 336–337.Google Scholar
Carpenter, W.J., Ostmark, E.R. and Cornell, J.A. (1993) Embryo cap removal and high-temperature exposure stimulate rapid germination of needle palm seeds. HortScience 28, 904–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corner, E.J.H. (1966) The natural history of palms. Berkeley, University of California Press.Google Scholar
da Silva, E.A.A., Toorop, P.E., van Aelst, A.C. and Hilhorst, H.W.M. (2004) Abscisic acid controls embryo growth potential and endosperm cap weakening during coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination. Planta 220, 251–261.Google Scholar
Dassanayake, M.D. and Sivakadachchan, B. (1973) Germination and seedling structure of Borassus flabellifer . Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences) 10, 157–166.Google Scholar
Davies, R.I. and Pritchard, H.W. (1998) Seed storage and germination of the palms Hyphaene thebaica, H. petersiana and Medemia argun . Seed Science and Technology 26, 823–828.Google Scholar
DeMason, D.A. (1984) Growth parameters in the cotyledon of date seedlings. Botanical Gazette 145, 176–183.Google Scholar
DeMason, D.A. (1985) Histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the haustorium of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Protoplasma 126, 168–177.Google Scholar
DeMason, D.A. (1988a) Embryo structure and storage reserve histochemistry in the palm Washingtonia filifera . American Journal of Botany 75, 330–337.Google Scholar
DeMason, D.A. (1988b) Seedling development in Washingtonia filifera (Arecaceae). Botanical Gazette 149, 45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeMason, D.A., Stillman, J.I. and Ellmore, G.S. (1989) Acid phosphatase localization in seedling tissues of the palms, Phoenix dactylifera and Washingtonia filifera, and its relevance to controls of germination. Canadian Journal of Botany 67, 1103–1110.Google Scholar
de Queiroz, M.H. (1986) Botão germinativo do palmiteiro como indicator da germinaçao. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 2, 55–59.Google Scholar
Dransfield, J. and Uhl, N.W. (1998) Palmae. pp. 306–389 in Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Flowering plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehara, H., Morita, O., Komada, C. and Goto, M. (2001) Effect of physical treatment and presence of the pericarp and sarcotesta on seed germination in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.). Seed Science and Technology 29, 83–90.Google Scholar
Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., Roberts, E.H. and Soetisna, U. (1991) Seed storage behaviour in Elaeis guineensis . Seed Science Research 1, 99–104.Google Scholar
Ferreira, S.A.N. and Gentil, D.F.O. (2006) Extração, embebição e germinacao de sementes de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum). Acta Amazonica 36, 141–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finch-Savage, W.E. and Leubner-Metzger, G. (2006) Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytologist 171, 501–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fior, C.S., Rodrigues, L.R., Leonhardt, C. and Schwarz, S.F. (2011) Superacao de dormência em sementes de Butia capitata . Ciencia Rural, Santa Maria 41, 1150–1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, F.W. (1978) Mode of germination in Eugeissona tristis Griff. Principes 22, 74–76.Google Scholar
González-Benito, M.E., Huertas-Micó, M. and Pérez-Garcia, F. (2006) Seed germination and storage of Chamaerops humilis (dwarf fan palm). Seed Science and Technology 34, 143–150.Google Scholar
Haccius, B. and Philip, V.J. (1979) Embryo development in Cocos nucifera L.: a critical contribution to a general understanding of palm embryogenesis. Plant Systematics and Evolution 132, 91–106.Google Scholar
Harper, J.L., Lovell, P.H. and Moore, K.G. (1970) The shapes and sizes of seeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1, 327–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, F.M. (2006) Morphology and anatomy of palm seedlings. The Botanical Review 72, 273–329.Google Scholar
Hussey, G. (1958) An analysis of the factors controlling the germination of the seed of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis (Jacq.). Annals of Botany 22, 259–284+2 plates.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D.H. (1982) Ecological distribution of chlorophyllous developing embryos among perennial plants in a tropical deciduous forest. Biotropica 14, 232–236.Google Scholar
Jiménez, V.N., Guevara, E., Herrera, J., Alizaga, R. and Bangerth, F. (2008) Changes in hormone concentrations during dormancy release of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seeds. Seed Science and Technology 36, 575–587.Google Scholar
Jordan, C.B. (1970) A study of germination and use in twelve palms of northeastern Peru. Principes 14, 26–32.Google Scholar
Jose, A.C., Erasmo, E.A.L. and Coutinho, A.B. (2012) Germinacão e tolerância á dessecação de sementes de bacca (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.). Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, 651–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junior, A.G.R., Oliveira, T.G.S., de Souza, P.P. and Ribeiro, L.M. (2013) Water uptake and pre-germination treatments in the macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata - Arecaceae) seeds. Journal of Seed Science 35, 99–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabberley, D.J. (2008) Mabberley's plant-book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses (3rd edition) . Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Megalhães, H.M., Lopes, P.S.N., Ribeiro, L.M., Sant'Anna-Santos, B.F. and Oliveira, D.M.T. (2013) Structure of the zygotic embryos and seedlings of Butia capitata (Arecaceae). Trees 27, 273–283.Google Scholar
Moore, H.E. Jr and Uhl, N.W. (1973) The monocotyledons: their evolution and comparative biology. IV. Palms and the origin and evolution of monocotyledons. The Quarterly Review of Biology 48, 414–436.Google Scholar
Moussa, H., Margolis, H.A., Dube, P.-A. and Odongo, J. (1998) Factors affecting the germination of doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica Mart.) seeds from the semi-arid zone of Niger, West Africa. Forest Ecology and Management 104, 27–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myint, T., Chanprasert, W. and Srikul, S. (2010) Germination of seed of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as affected by different mechanical scarification methods. Seed Science and Technology 38, 635–645.Google Scholar
Nagao, M.A. and Sakai, W.S. (1979) Effect of growth regulators on seed germination of Archontophoenix alexandrae . HortScience 14, 182–183.Google Scholar
Nagao, M.A., Kanegawa, K. and Sakai, W.S. (1980) Accelerating palm seed germination with gibberellic acid, scarification, and bottom heat. HortScience 15, 200–201.Google Scholar
Nazario, P., do Nascimento Ferreira, S.A., de Lima e Borges, E.E., Genovese-Marcomíni, P.R. and de Mendonça, M.S. (2013) Anatomical and histological aspects of the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) seed. Journal of Seed Science 35, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neves, S.C., Ribeiro, L.M., Cunha, I.R.G., Pimenta, M.A.S., Mercadante-Simoes, M.O. and Lopes, P.S.N. (2013) Diaspore structure and germination ecophysiology of the babassu palm (Attalea vitrivir). Flora 208, 68–78.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, M.G. (1999) Patterns of seed dormancy and germination as related to plant phylogeny and ecological and geographical conditions of their habitats. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 46, 369–373.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, M.G., Rasumova, M.V. and Gladkova, V.N. (1985) Spravochnik po prorashchivaniyu pokoyashckikhsya semyan (Reference book on dormant seed germination). Danilova, M.F. (Ed.). Leningrad, Nauka.Google Scholar
Orozco-Segovia, A., Batis, A.I., Rojas-Arechiga, M. and Mendoza, A. (2003) Seed biology of palms. Palms 47, 79–94.Google Scholar
Panza, V., Lainez, V. and Maldonado, S. (2004) Seed structure and histochemistry in the palm Euterpe edulis . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145, 445–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez, H.E. (2009) Promoting germination in ornamental palm seeds through dormancy alleviation. HortTechnology 19, 682–685.Google Scholar
Perez, H.E., Criley, R.A. and Baskin, C.C. (2008) Promoting germination in dormant seeds of Pritchardia remota (Kuntze) Beck., an endangered palm endemic to Hawaii. Natural Areas Journal 28, 251–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinheiro, C.U.B. (2001) Germination strategies of palms: the case of Schippia concolor Burret in Belize. Brittonia 53, 519–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, H.W., Wood, C.B., Hodges, S. and Vautier, H.J. (2004) 100-seed test for desiccation tolerance and germination: a case study on eight tropical palm species. Seed Science and Technology 32, 393–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribeiro, L.M., Souza, P.P., Rodrigues, A.G. Jr, Oliveira, T.G.S. and Garcia, Q.S. (2011) Overcoming dormancy in macaw palm diaspores, a tropical species with potential for use as bio-fuel. Seed Science and Technology 39, 303–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribeiro, L.M., Oliveira, D.M.T. and Garcia, Q.S. (2012a) Structural evaluations of zygotic embryos and seedlings of the macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata, Arecaceae) during in vitro germination. Trees 26, 851–863.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, L.M., Oliveira, T.G.S., Carvalho, V.S., Silva, P.O., Neves, S.C. and Garcia, Q.S. (2012b) The behavior of macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) seeds during storage. Seed Science and Technology 40, 344–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberto, G.G. and Habermann, G. (2010) Morphological and physiological responses of the recalcitrant Euterpe edulis seeds to light, temperature and gibberellins. Seed Science and Technology 38, 367–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, B.L. (1976) Embryology of Jubaeopsis caffra Becc.: 3. Endosperm and embryogeny. Journal of South African Botany 42, 285–299.Google Scholar
Robertson, B.L. (1977) Morphology and development of the fruit and seed of Jubaeopsis caffra Becc. Principes 21, 23–30.Google Scholar
Robertson, B.L. and Small, J.G.C. (1977) Germination of Jubaeopsis caffra seeds. Principes 21, 114–122.Google Scholar
Schlindwein, G., Schlindwein, C.C.D., Tonietto, A. and Dillenburg, A.A. (2013) Alleviation of seed dormancy in Butia odorata palm tree using drying and moist-warm stratification. Seed Science and Technology 41, 16–26.Google Scholar
Tahir, S.M., Mu'azu, S., Khan, A.U. and Iortsuun, D.N. (2007) Studies on the germination and seedling characteristics of the savanna palm trees. Science World Journal 2, 25–31.Google Scholar
Tillich, H.-J. (2007) Seedling diversity and the homologies of seedling organs in the order Poales (Monocotyledons). Annals of Botany 100, 1413–1429.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, P.B. (1960) Essays on the morphology of palms. I. Germination and the seedling. Principes 4, 56–61.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, P.B. (1986) The botany of mangroves. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, P.B. (1990) The structural biology of palms. Oxford, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhl, N.W. and Dransfield, J. (1987) Genera palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. The L.H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society . Lawrence, Kansas, Allen Press.Google Scholar
Von Fintel, G., Berjak, P. and Pammenter, N.W. (2004) Seed behavior in Phoenix reclinata Jacquin, the wild date palm. Seed Science Research 14, 197–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, C.B. and Pritchard, H.W. (2003) Germination characteristics of fresh and dried Hyophorbe lagenicaulis seeds. Palms 47, 45–50.Google Scholar
Yakovlev, M.S. and Zhukova, G.Ya. (1980) Chlorophyll in embryos of angiosperm seeds, a review. Botaniska Notiser 133, 323–336.Google Scholar