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Retrodicting large herbivore biomass for the last glacial maximum on the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain (South Africa) using modern ecological knowledge of African herbivore assemblages and rainfall

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2021

Christopher F. Brooke Open the ORCID record for Christopher F. Brooke [Opens in a new window] ,
Curtis W. Marean Open the ORCID record for Curtis W. Marean [Opens in a new window] ,
Colin D. Wren Open the ORCID record for Colin D. Wren [Opens in a new window] ,
Hervé Fritz Open the ORCID record for Hervé Fritz [Opens in a new window]  and
Jan A. Venter Open the ORCID record for Jan A. Venter [Opens in a new window]
Christopher F. Brooke
Affiliation:
Department of Conservation Management, Faculty of Science, George Camus, Nelson Mandela University, Madiba Drive, George, 6530 African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape6031, South Africa.
Curtis W. Marean
Affiliation:
African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape6031, South Africa. Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, PO Box 872402, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287-2402, USA.
Colin D. Wren
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
Hervé Fritz
Affiliation:
REHABS International Research Laboratory, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive 6531, George, South Africa Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive, George, South Africa.
Jan A. Venter*
Affiliation:
Department of Conservation Management, Faculty of Science, George Camus, Nelson Mandela University, Madiba Drive, George, 6530 African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape6031, South Africa. REHABS International Research Laboratory, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive 6531, George, South Africa
*
*Corresponding author email address:[email protected]
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Abstract

Herbivore distribution throughout Africa is strongly linked to mean annual precipitation. We use that relationship to predict functional group composition of herbivore communities during the last glacial maximum (ca. 21 ka) on the now submerged Palaeo-Agulhas Plain (PAP), South Africa. We used metabolic large herbivore biomass (MLHB) from 39 South African protected areas, in five functional groups (characterized by behavior and physiology). We examined how modern factors influenced MLHB and considered the effects of biome, annual rainfall, percentage winter rainfall, and protected area size. Overall, biome was the most important factor influencing the relationship between MLHB and rainfall. In general, MLHB increased with rainfall, but not for the grassland biome. Outside grasslands, most functional groups’ metabolic biomass increased with increasing rainfall, irrespective of biome, except for medium-sized social mixed feeder species in savanna and thicket. Protected area size was influential for medium-sized social mixed feeders and large browsers and rainfall influenced medium-sized social mixed feeders, offering some perspectives on spatial constraints on past large herbivore biomass densities. These results improve our understanding of the likely herbivore community composition and relative biomass structure on the PAP, an essential driver of how early humans utilized large mammals as a food resource.

Keywords

Metabolic biomassFunctional groupLast glacial maximumProtected areasEnvironmental drivers
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 104 , November 2021 , pp. 136 - 150
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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