Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T18:03:42.896Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Middle Pleistocene (Early Toringian) Carnivore Remains from Northern Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Eitan Tchernov  and
Evangelia Tsoukala
Eitan Tchernov
Affiliation:
Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
Evangelia Tsoukala
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Physical Geography, Aristotle University, 54006, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Seventy well-preserved fossil remains from deposits of an eroded karstic cave in the Upper Galilee of northern Israel includeUrsus deningeri(Ursidae),Canis lupus cf.mosbachensis (Canidae),Crocuta crocuta cf. praespelaea (Hyaenidae), Panthera leo cf. spelaea (Felidae), and Dama sp. (Cervidae). This assemblage probably dates to the Early Toringian (MQ2, Middle Pleistocene). Ursus deningeri and Panthera leo cf. spelaeahave never before been recorded south of the Taurus–Zagros mountain chain. We correlate the carnivore faunule with some Near Eastern and southern Levantine sites and assume that only a severe cold phase could have shifted these species over the Taurus–Zagros mountain chain this far to the south. Due to the relative scarcity of Middle Pleistocene assemblages, especially carnivores, in the southern Levant, the biogeographic connection between the southern Levant and the Near East is still not well known. This faunule elucidates Pleistocene biotic exchanges between Europe and the Levant during this period.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , July 1997 , pp. 122 - 136
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adam, K. -D., (1959). Mittelpleistozäne Caniden aus dem Heppenloch bei Gütenberg (Württemberg). Stuttgart Beitrage zür Naturkunde, Stuttgart. 27, 1–46.Google Scholar
Argant, A., (1991). Carnivores Quaternaires de Bourgogne. Document des Laboratoires de Géologie de l'Université de Lyon. 115, 1–301.Google Scholar
Arsebük, G., (1993). Yarimburgaz, a lower Paleolithic cave site near Istanbul. Between the Rivers and over the Mountains. Universitá di Roma “La Sapienza”Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche Archeologiche e Anthropologiche dell’ Antichitá, p. 23–36.Google Scholar
Ballesio, R., (1979). Le gisement Pleistocéne Supérieur de la grotte de Jaurens a Nespouls, Corrèze, France: Les Carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora). I. Canidae et Hyaenidae. Nouvelles Archives de Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon. 17, 25–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballesio, R., (1980). Le gisement Pleistocène Supérieur de la grotte de Jaurens a Nespouls, Corrèze, France: Les Carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora). II. Felidae. Nouvelles Archives de Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon. 18, 61–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballesio, R., (1986). Les carnivores du gisement Pleistocène d'Oubeidiyeh (Israël). Tchernov, A., Les Mammifères du Pleistocène Inférieur de la Vallée du Jourdain á Oubeidiyeh. Association Paléorient, Paris, 63–91.Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O., (1994). The Lower Paleolithic of the Near East. Journal of World Prehistory. 8, 211–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bate, D. M. A., (1937). The fossil fauna of the Wady el-Mughara caves. Garrod, D. A. E., Bate, D. M. A., The Stone Age of Mount Carmel. Vol. I. Palaeontology. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 137–233.Google Scholar
Bonifay, M. -F., (1971). Carnivores Quaternaires du Sud-Est de la France. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. XXI, 1–377.Google Scholar
Bonifay, M. -F., Bussière, J. -F., (1989). Les grandes faunes de la grotte d’ Aldène (Ursidés). Bulletin de Muséum d'Anthropologie Prehistorique de Monaco. 32, 13–49.Google Scholar
Chagneau, J., (1985). Contribution a l'étude des os des extremites des pattes d’Ursus deningeri romeviensis. Ursus arctos Ursus spelaeus . Bulletin de Societé Anthropologique Sud Ouest, Bordeaux. XX, 61–107.Google Scholar
Chagneau, J., Prat, F., (1983). Les Ursides de l'Aven de Vergranne (Doubs). Annales Scientifique de l'Université de France, Compté Besançon, Geologie, France. 5, 93–109.Google Scholar
Chauviré, E., (1962). Les gisements fossilifères quaternaires de Chatillon St.-Jean (Drôme). Thése 3e . Faculté des Sciences, Univiversité de Lyon. 62, 1–216.Google Scholar
Erdbrink, D. P., de Lange, Jan, (1953). A Review of Fossil and Recent Bears of the Old World, with Remarks on Their Phylogeny, Based upon their Dentition. Deventer-Drukkerij, 1–597.Google Scholar
Gargett, R. H., (1994). Taphonomy and Spatial Analysis of a Cave Bear (Ursus spelaeus . University of California, Berkeley. Google Scholar
Gerber, J. -P., (1973). La faune de grand mammiféres du Würm ancien dans le sud-est de la France. 1, 310, Université de Provence, Marseille. Google Scholar
Hemmer, H., (1977). Die Carnivorenreste (mit Ausnahme der Hyänen und Bären) aus den jungpleistozänen Travertinen von Taubach bei Weimar. Quartärpäleontologie, Berlin. 2, 379–387.Google Scholar
Howell, F. C., Arsebük, G., (1989). Report on investigations and current status of researches in the cave of Yarimburgaz (Marmara, Turkey). 1989 field season. Yarimburgaz Cave, 1, 89.Google Scholar
Kurtén, B., (1965). The Carnivora of the Palestine Caves. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 107, 1–74.Google Scholar
Kurtén, B., (1968). Pleistocene Mammals of Europe. Aldine Publications, Chicago, p. 1–317.Google Scholar
Mottl, M., (1964). Bärenphylogenese in Südost-Österreich. 26,, 1, 56, Mitteilungen des Museums für Bergbau. Geologie & Technik am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz. Google Scholar
Petter, G., Heintz, E., (1970). Mammifères Quaternaires de la grotte de Geula (Nord d’ Haifa, etât d'Israel). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (2e . 41, 1292–1298.Google Scholar
Prat, F., Thibault, C., (1976). Le gisement de Nauterie à La Romieu (Gers). Fuilles de 1967 à 1973. Nauterie I. XXXV,, 1, 82, Science de la terre, Paris. Google Scholar
Rabeder, G., (1983). Neues vom Höhlenbären. Zur Morphogenetik der Backenzahne. Die Höhle, Wien. 34, 67–85.Google Scholar
Rabeder, G., Tsoukala, E., (1990). Morphodynamic analysis of some cave-bear teeth from Petralona cave (Chalkidiki, Northern Greece). Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich, Wien. 16, 103–109.Google Scholar
Rabinovich, R., Tchernov, E., (1995). Chronological, paleoecological and taphonomical aspects of the Middle Paleolithic site of Qafzeh, Israel, Archaeozoology of the Near East II. Buitenhuis, H., Uerpmann, H. -P., 5, 44, Backhuys, Leiden.Google Scholar
Reffienna, B., (1986). Morphologies et variations metriques de la quatrieme premolaire inferieure chez l'ours des cavernes. Bulletin GEPPV, Vinay. 4, 50–69.Google Scholar
Rode, K., (1934). Das Gebiss der Bären. Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart. B, 494–501.Google Scholar
Schütt, G., (1971). Die Hyänen der Mosbacher Sande (Altpleistozän, Wiesbaden/Hessen) mit einem Beitrag zur Stammesgeschichte der GattungCrocuta . Mainzer Naturwissenschaft Archiv, Mainz. 10, 29–76.Google Scholar
Stiner, M., (1992). Taphonomic, Zooarchaeological Study of the Yarimburgaz Fauna: Interim Report. .Google Scholar
Stiner, M., Arsebük, G., Howell, F. C., (1996). Cave bears and Paleolithic artifacts in Yarimburgaz cave, Turkey: Dissecting a Palimpest. Geoarchaeology. 11, 279–327.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tchernov, E., (1988). The paleobiogeographical history of the southern Levant. Yom-Tov, Y., Tchernov, E., The Zoogeography of Israel. Junk, The Hague, 159–250.Google Scholar
Tchernov, E., (1989). The Middle Palaeolithic mammalian sequence and its bearing on the origin ofHomo sapiens . Bar-Ysef, O., Vandermeersch, B., Investigations in South Levantine Prehistory. 25–42.Google Scholar
Tchernov, E., (1992). Eurasian–African biotic exchanges through the Levantine corridor during the Neogene and Quaternary. Koenigswald, W.v., Werdelin, L., Mammalian Migration and Dispersal Events in the European Quaternary. 103–124.Google Scholar
Tchernov, E., (1994). New comments on the biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene of the southern Levant. Bar-Yosef, O., Kra, R.S., Late Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean. The University of Arizona, 333–350.Google Scholar
Torres, T., (1988). Osos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) del Pleistoceno de la Peninsula Iberica. Publicaciones especiales del boletin Geologico y Minerologico, Madrid.. I-IV, 1–316.Google Scholar
Tsoukala, E., (1989). Contribution to the study of the Pleistocene fauna of large mammals (Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla) from Petralona Cave (Chalkidiki, Northern Greece). Scientific Annals, School of Geology, University of Thessaloniki. 1, 1–360.Google Scholar
Tsoukala, E., (1992). The Pleistocene large mammals from Agios Georgios Cave, Kilkis (Macedonia, Northern Greece). Geobios. 25, 415–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsoukala, E., (1996). Comparative study of ursid remains from Greece, Turkey and Israel, Neogene and Quaternary Mammals of the Palearctic. Nadachovski, A., Werdelin, L., Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 39,, 571, 576.Google Scholar
Vaufrey, R., (1951). Étude paléontologique. I. Mammifères. Neuville, R., Le Paléolithique et le Mésolithique du Désert de Judée. 198–217.Google Scholar
Werdelin, L., Solounias, N., (1991). The hyaenidae: Taxonomy, systematics and evolution. Fossils and Strata. 30, 1–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolsan, M., (1993). Phylogeny and classification of early European Mustelidae (Mammalia: Carnivora . Acta Theriologica. 38, 345–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zapfe, H., (1946). Die Altpleistozänen Bären von Hundsheim in Niederösterreich. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, Wien. 91, 95–164.Google Scholar