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Shared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations as a familial risk marker for ADHD: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sibling design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2020

Huey-Ling Chiang Open the ORCID record for Huey-Ling Chiang [Opens in a new window] ,
Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng ,
Hsiao-Ying Wey  and
Susan Shur-Fen Gau Open the ORCID record for Susan Shur-Fen Gau [Opens in a new window]
Huey-Ling Chiang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Hsiao-Ying Wey*
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
Susan Shur-Fen Gau*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
*
Author for correspondence: Susan Shur-Fen Gau, E-mail: [email protected]; Hsiao-Ying Wey, E-mail: [email protected]
Author for correspondence: Susan Shur-Fen Gau, E-mail: [email protected]; Hsiao-Ying Wey, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Although aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we have a limited understanding of whether connectivity alterations are related to the familial risk of ADHD.

Methods

Fifty-three probands with ADHD, their unaffected siblings (n = 53) and typically developing controls (n = 53) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A seed-based approach with the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was used to derive a whole-brain functional connectivity map in each subject. The differences in functional connectivity among the three groups were tested with one-way ANOVA using randomized permutation. Comparisons between two groups were also performed to examine the increase or decrease in connectivity. The severity of ADHD symptoms was used to identify brain regions where symptom severity is correlated to the strength of intrinsic functional connectivity.

Results

When compared to controls, both probands and unaffected siblings showed increased functional connectivity in the left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus. The connectivity in these regions was linked to better performance in response inhibition in the control group but absent in other groups. Higher ADHD symptom severity was correlated with increased functional connectivity in bilateral fronto-parietal-temporal regions only noted in probands with ADHD.

Conclusions

Alterations in resting-state functional connectivities with the precuneus/PCC, hubs of default-mode network, account for the underlying familial risks of ADHD. Since the left insula and left inferior frontal gyri are key regions of the salience and frontoparietal network, respectively, future studies focusing on alterations of cross-network functional connectivity as the familial risk of ADHD are suggested.

Keywords

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderfamilial riskintrinsic functional connectivityresting-state functional magnetic resonance imagingunaffected siblings
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 9 , July 2022 , pp. 1736 - 1745
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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