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Familiality of neural preparation and response control in childhood attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2012

B. Albrecht ,
D. Brandeis ,
H. Uebel ,
L. Valko ,
H. Heinrich ,
R. Drechsler ,
A. Heise ,
U. C. Müller ,
H.-C. Steinhausen  and
A. Rothenberger
...Show all authors
B. Albrecht*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
D. Brandeis
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
H. Uebel
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
L. Valko
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
H. Heinrich
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Heckscher-Klinik, Munich, Germany
R. Drechsler
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
A. Heise
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
U. C. Müller
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Interkantonale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik Zürich, Switzerland
H.-C. Steinhausen
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Department of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
A. Rothenberger
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
T. Banaschewski
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr B. Albrecht, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, von Siebold-Straße 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulties in multiple attentional functions. Although high heritability rates suggest a strong genetic impact, aetiological pathways from genes and environmental factors to the ADHD phenotype are not well understood. Tracking the time course of deviant task processing using event-related electrophysiological brain activity should characterize the impact of familiality on the sequence of cognitive functions from preparation to response control in ADHD.

Method

Preparation and response control were assessed using behavioural and electrophysiological parameters of two versions of a cued continuous performance test with varying attentional load in boys with ADHD combined type (n = 97), their non-affected siblings (n = 27) and control children without a family history of ADHD (n = 43).

Results

Children with ADHD and non-affected siblings showed more variable performance and made more omission errors than controls. The preparatory Cue-P3 and contingent negative variation (CNV) following cues were reduced in both ADHD children and their non-affected siblings compared with controls. The NoGo-P3 was diminished in ADHD compared with controls whilst non-affected siblings were located intermediate but did not differ from both other groups. No clear familiality effects were found for the Go-P3. Better task performance was further associated with higher CNV and P3 amplitudes.

Conclusions

Impairments in performance and electrophysiological parameters reflecting preparatory processes and to some extend also for inhibitory response control, especially under high attentional load, appeared to be familially driven in ADHD and may thus constitute functionally relevant endophenotypes for the disorder.

Keywords

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disordercontingent negative variationContinuous Performance Testendophenotypesevent-related potentialsNoGo-P3
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 43 , Issue 9 , September 2013 , pp. 1997 - 2011
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

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