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Amusia and protolanguage impairments in schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2014

J. T. Kantrowitz ,
N. Scaramello ,
A. Jakubovitz ,
J. M. Lehrfeld ,
P. Laukka ,
H. A. Elfenbein ,
G. Silipo  and
D. C. Javitt
J. T. Kantrowitz*
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
N. Scaramello
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
A. Jakubovitz
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
J. M. Lehrfeld
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
P. Laukka
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
H. A. Elfenbein
Affiliation:
Olin Business School, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
G. Silipo
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
D. C. Javitt
Affiliation:
Schizophrenia Research Center, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
*
*Address for correspondence: J. T. Kantrowitz, M.D., Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Background

Both language and music are thought to have evolved from a musical protolanguage that communicated social information, including emotion. Individuals with perceptual music disorders (amusia) show deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER). Although auditory perceptual deficits have been studied in schizophrenia, their relationship with musical/protolinguistic competence has not previously been assessed.

Method

Musical ability was assessed in 31 schizophrenia/schizo-affective patients and 44 healthy controls using the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). AER was assessed using a novel battery in which actors provided portrayals of five separate emotions. The Disorganization factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a proxy for language/thought disorder and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess cognition.

Results

Highly significant deficits were seen between patients and controls across auditory tasks (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences were seen in AER between the amusia and intact music-perceiving groups, which remained significant after controlling for group status and education. Correlations with AER were specific to the melody domain, and correlations between protolanguage (melody domain) and language were independent of overall cognition.

Discussion

This is the first study to document a specific relationship between amusia, AER and thought disorder, suggesting a shared linguistic/protolinguistic impairment. Once amusia was considered, other cognitive factors were no longer significant predictors of AER, suggesting that musical ability in general and melodic discrimination ability in particular may be crucial targets for treatment development and cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

Keywords

Amusiaemotionlanguagemusicschizophreniasocial cognition
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 44 , Issue 13 , October 2014 , pp. 2739 - 2748
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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