Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T21:15:44.222Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Epidémiologie de la dépression : données récentes I. Epidémiologie descriptive

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

G. Bertschy ,
S. Vandel  and
R. Volmat
G. Bertschy
Affiliation:
Service de psychiatrie, hôpital Saint-Jacques, 2, place Saint-Jacques, 25030Besançon Cedex
S. Vandel
Affiliation:
Service de pharmacologie clinique, hôpital Jean-Minjoz, boulevard Fleming, 25030Besançon Cedex
R. Volmat
Affiliation:
Service de psychiatrie, hôpital Saint-Jacques, 2, place Saint-Jacques, 25030Besançon Cedex, France
Get access

Résumé

Les auteurs font la revue des études récentes concernant l’épidémiologie de la dépression. Les études épidémiologiques de la dépression dans la population générale sont difficiles à interpréter, du fait de différences dans l'identification des cas et de variations dans les procédures de diagnostic entre les études. Mais il y a eu un progrés considérable avec le récent développement des méthodes d’identifications de cas, fiables et valides, comme les RDC et le DSM-III. D’autres problémes méthodologiques concernent le choix de la population et le choix des différentes mesures du risque.

Des données examinées, on peut tirer les estimations suivantes : la prévalence sur six mois de la dépression majeure est de 1% à 3% chez l’homme, et 3% à 5% chez la femme; la prévalence sur la vie entiere (proportion des sujets qui ont déjà présenté le trouble) est de 3% à 6% chez l’homme et 5% à 10% chez la femme. L’estimation du risque morbide (ou risque sur la vie entiére) est plus difficile. Le principal probléme provient de l’effet de cohorte de naissance: il semble que les taux de troubles affectifs majeurs sont en train d’augmenter dans les cohortes nées apres la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Aussi, les auteurs proposent une estimation des risques sur la vie entiére qui ne peut être que prudente: 6 à 10% chez l’homme, 12 à 20% chez la femme. Ils envisagent aussi l’épidemiologie de la dépression sous l’angle de la mortalité: les troubles affectifs sont associés non seulement à un haut risque de suicide mais aussi à une mortalité générale augmentée.

Summary

Summary

The authors review recent epidemiotogical studies of depression, which are difficull to interpret in Ihe general population because of different case definitions and variations in diagnostic procedures from one study to the next. Considerable progress has been made with the recent development of reliable and valid methods of case identification such as the RDC and the DSM III. Other methodological problems concern the choice of populations and the different risk evaluations.

On the basis of the reviewed data, the following estimations can be made: the six-month prevalence of major depression is 1 to 3% for men and 3 to 5% for women; the lifetime prevalence (proportion of subjects having at one time sujfered from the disorder) is 3 to 6% for men and 5 to 10% for women. Lifetime risk estimation is more difficull. The main problem arises front the birth cohort effect: the rate of major affective disorders in the cohorts born after World War II seems to be increasing.

Thus, the authors propose a prudent lifetime risk estimation : 6 to 10% for men, and 12 to 20% for women. The epidemiology of depression is also examined in relation to mortality: affective disorders are associated not only with a high suicide rate, but also with increased general mortality.

Keywords

dépressionmorbiditéeffet de cohorte de naissancemortalitédepressionmorbiditybirth cohort effectmortality
Type
Revue
Information
Psychiatry and Psychobiology , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , 1988 , pp. 149 - 158
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Achte, K. (1986) Depression and suicide. Psychopathology 19, 2, 210–214CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akiskal, H.S. (1984) Characterologic manifestations of affective disorders: toward a new conceptualisation. Integrative Psychiatry 2, 83–88Google Scholar
American, Psychiatrie Association (1983) DSM III: Manuel Diagnostique et Statistique des Troubles Mentaux. Masson, Paris, 552 pp.Google Scholar
American, Psychiatrie Association (1985) Consensus Development Panel. Mood disorders: pharmacologie prevention of recurrences. Am. J. Psychiatry 142, 469–476Google Scholar
Angst, J.Felder, W. & Frey, R. (1979) The course of unipolar and bipolar affective disorders.In: Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorders (Schou, M. & Stromgren, E., eds.), Academie Press, London, pp. 215–226Google Scholar
Angst, J. & Dobler-Mikola, A. (1984) The Zurich study. III. Diagnosis of depression. Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Neurol. Sci. 234, 30–37CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blazer, D.George, L.K.Landerman, R.Pennybacker, M.Melville, M.L.Woodbury, M.Manton, K.G.Jordan, K. & Locke, B.Z. (1985) Psychiatrie disorders: rural/urban cotnparison. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 42, 651–656CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, J.H. & Weissman, M.M. (1981) Epidemiology of affective disorders: a reexamination and future directions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 38, 1039–1046CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bratfos, O. & Haug, J.O. (1968) The course of manicdepressive psychosis: a follow-up investigation of 215 patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 44, 89–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromet, E.J.Dunn, L.O.Connell, M.M.Dew, M.A. & Schulberg, H.C. (1986) Long-term reliability of diagnosing lifetime major depression in a community sample. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 43, 435–440CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G.W. & Harris, T. (1978) Social Origins of Depression. A Study of Psychiatrie Disorder in Women. Tavistock Publications, London, 399 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, G.W. & Prudo, R. (1981) Psychiatrie disorder in a rural and an urban population: 1. Aetiology of depression. Psychol. Med. 11, 581–599CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G.W.Craig, T.K.J. & Harris, T.O. (1985) Depression: distress or disease? Some epidemiological considerations. Br. J. Psychiatry 147, 612–622CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burnam, M.A.Hough, R.L.Escobar, J.I.Karno, M.Timbers, D.M.Telles, C.A. & Locke, B.Z. (1987) Six month prevalence of specifie psychiatrie disorders among mexican-americans and non hispanic whites in Los Angeles. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 687–694CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chanoit, P.F. (1985) Epidémiologie en Psychiatrie. PUF, Paris, 96 pp.Google Scholar
Clayton, P.J. (1981) The epidemiology of bipolar affective disorder. Compr. Psychiatry 22, 31–43CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D’elia, G.Von, Knorring L. & Perris, C. (1974) Nonpsychotic depressive disorders: a ten year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 285, 255, 173–186CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W.W. & Kessler, L.G. (1981) Rates of symptoms of depression in a national sample. Am. J. Epidemioi. 114, 528–538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endicott, J. & Spitzer, R.L. (1978) A diagnostic interview : the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35, 837–844CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faravelli, C. & Incerpi, G. (1985) Epidemiology of affective disorders in Florence. Preliminary results. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 72, 331–333CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farmer, A.E.Katz, R.MacGuffin, P. & Bebbington, P. (1987) A comparison between the Present State Examination and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 1064–1068CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fawcett, J.Scheftner, W.Clark, D.Hedeker, D.Gibbons, R. & Coryell, W. (1987) Clinical predictors of suicide in patients with major affective disorders: a controlled prospective study. Am. J. Psychiatry 144, 35–40Google ScholarPubMed
Feighner, J.P.Robins, E.Guze, S.B.Woodruff, R.A.Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972) Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatrie research. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 26, 57–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fombonne, E. & Fuhrer, R. (1986) Psychiatrie et épidémiologie. Psychiatr. Psychobioi. 1, 256–271Google Scholar
Frerichs, R.R.Aneshensel, C.S. & Clark, V.A. (1981) Prevalence of depression in Los Angeles county. Am. J. Epidemioi. 113, 691–699CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gershon, E.S.Hamovit, J.H.Guroff, J.J. & Nurnberger, J.I. (1987) Birth-cohort changes in manie and depressive disorders in relatives of bipolar and schizoaffective patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 314–319CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, D. & Huxley, P. (1976) Mental Illness in the Community. The Pathway to Psychiatrie Care. Tavistock Publications, London, 192 pp.Google Scholar
Guze, S.B. & Robins, E. (1979) Suicide and primary affective disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry 117, 437–438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagnell, C.Lanke, J.Rorsman, B. & Öjesjö, L. (1982) Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: the Lundby study, Sweden. Psychol. Med. 12, 279–289CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallström, T. (1984) Point prevalence of major depressive disorder in a swedish urban female population. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 69, 52–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawton, K. (1987) Assessment of suicide risk. Br. J. Psychiatry 150, 145–153CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helgason, T. (1979) Epidemiological investigations concerning affective disorders.In: Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorders (Schou, M. & Stromgren, E., eds.), Academie Press, London, pp. 241–255Google Scholar
Henderson, S.Duncan-Jones, P.Byrne, D.G.Scott, R. & Adzock, S. (1979) Psychiatrie disorder in Canberra: a standardised study of prevalence. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 80, 355–374CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hough, R.L.Lansverk, J.A.Karno, M.Burnam, M.A.Timbers, D.M.Escobar, J.L & Regier, D.A. (1987) Utilisation of health and mental health services by Los Angeles mexican americans and non-hispanic whites : Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 702–709CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karno, M.Hough, R.L.Burnam, A.Escobar, J.LTimbers, D.M.Santana, F. & Boyd, J.H. (1987) Lifetime prevalence of specifie psychiatrie disorders among mexican americans and non hispanic whites in Los Angeles. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44, 695–701CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendell, R.E. (1976) The classification of depression: a review of contemporary confusion. Br. J. Psychiatry 129, 15–28CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klerman, G.L. (1988) The current age of youthful melancholia. Evidence for increase in depression among adolescents and young adults. Br. J. Psychiatry 152, 4–14CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavori, P.W.Klerman, K.L.Keller, M.B.Reich, T.Rice, J. & Endicott, J. (1987) Age-period-cohort analysis of secular trends in onset of major depression : findings in siblings of patients with major affective disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 21, 23–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leckman, J.F.Weissman, M.M.Merikangas, K.R.Pauls, D.L.Prusoff, B.A. & Kidd, K.K. (1985) Major depression and panic disorder: a family study perspective. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 21, 543–545Google ScholarPubMed
Maj., M. & Kemali, D. (1987) Nosological status of schizoaffective disorders: theoretical models and empirieal evidence. Psychiatr. Psychobiol. 2, 163–172Google Scholar
Murphy, J.M.Sobol, A.M.Neff, R.K.Olivier, D.C. & Leighton, A.H. (1984) Stability of prevalence: depression and anxiety disorders. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 41, 990–997CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, J.M.Monson, R.R.Olivier, D.C.Sobol, A.M. & Leighton, A.H. (1987) Affective disorders and mortality. A general population study. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 44, 473–480CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, J.K. & Weissman, M.M. (1980) Use of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample. Am. J. Psyehiatry 137, 1081–1084Google Scholar
Myers, J.K.Weissman, M.M.Tischler, G.L.Holzer, C.E.Leaf, P.J.Orvaschel, H.Antony, J.C.Boyd, J .H.Burke, J.D.Kramer, M. & Stoltzman, R. (1984) Six-month prevalence of psychiatrie disorders in three communities. 1980 to 1982. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 41, 959–967CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (1979) Troubles Mentaux: Glossaire et Guide de Classification en Concordance avec la Neuviéme Révision de la Classification Internationale des Maladies. Genéve, 106 pp.Google Scholar
Perris, C. & D’elia, G. (1966) A study of bipolar (manicdepressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses: X-Mortality, suicide and life-cycles. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. suppl. 194, 172–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radloff, L.S. (1977) The CESD Scale. A self report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Measur. 1, 385–401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raitasalo, R.Lehtinen, V.Joukamaa, M.Lahtela, K.Kuusela, V.Maatela, J. & Aromaa, A. (1976) Social stress and depression. Psychiatr. Fennica suppl. 17, 199–205Google Scholar
Regier, D.A.Myers, J.K.Kramer, M.Robins, L.N.Blazer, D.G.Hough, R.L.Eaton, W.W. & Locke, D.Z. (1984) The NIMH epidemiologie catchment area program : historical context, major objectives, and study population characteristics. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 31, 934–941CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reich, J. (1986) The epidemiology of anxiety. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 174, 129–136CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rice, J.Reich, T.Andreasen, N.C.Endicott, J.Van, Eerdewegh M.Fishman, R.Hirschfeld, R.M.A. & Klerman, G.L. (1987) The familial transmission of bipolar illness. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 44, 441–447CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, R.E. & Vernon, S.W. (1982) Depression in the community - prevalence and treatment. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 39, 1407–1409CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, L.N.Helzer, J.E.Croughan, J.L. & Ratcliffe, R.S. (1981) NIMH diagnostic interview schedule: its history characteristics and validity. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 38, 381–389CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, L.N.Helzer, J.E.Weissman, M.M.Orvaschel, H.Gruenberg, E.Burke, J.D. & Regier, D.A. (1984) Lifetime prevalence of specifie psychiatrie disorders in three sites. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 41, 949–958CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rouillon, F. (1985) Epidémiologie des maladies mentales Encycl. Med. Chir. (Paris), Psychiatrie 37878 A10Google Scholar
Roy-Byrne, P.Post, R.M.Uhde, T.W.Purcu, T. & Davis, D. (1985) The longitudinal course of recurrent affective illness: life chart data from research patients at the NIMH. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 71, suppl. 317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rumeau-Rouquette, C.Breart, G. & Padieu, R. (1981) Méthodes en Epidémiologie, Flammarion, Paris, 400 pp.Google Scholar
Schuekit, M.A. (1986) Genetic and clinical implications of alcoholism and affective disorder. Am. J. Psyehiatry 143, 140–147Google Scholar
Schulberg, H.C.Saul, M.MacClelland, M.Ganguli, M.Christy, W. & Frank, R. (1985) Assessing depression in primary medical and psychiatrie practices. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 42, 1164–1170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, S.Skinner, E.A.Kessler, L.G.Von, Korff M.Germait, P.S.Tischler, G.L.Leaf, P.J.Benham, L.Cottler, L. & Reglier, D.A. (1984) Utilization of health and mental health services. Three epidemiologie catchment area sites. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 41, 971–978CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzer, R.L.Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978) Research diagnostic criteria. Rationale and reliability. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 35, 773–782CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surtees, P.G.Sashidharan, S.P. & Dean, C. (1986) Affective disorder amongst women in the general population: a longitudinal study. Br. J. Psyehiatry 148, 176–186CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tennant, C. & Bebbington, P. (1978) The social causation of depression : a critique of the work of Brown and his colleagues. Psychol. Med. 8, 565–575CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van, Valkenburg C.Lilienfeld, S. & Akiskal, H.S. (1987) The impact of familial personality disorder and alcoholism on the clinical featurcs of depression. Psychiatr. Psychobiol. 2, 195–201Google Scholar
Weissman, M.M. & Myers, J.K. (1978) Affective disorders in a US urban community. The use of Research Diagnostic Criteria in a epidemiological survey. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 35, 1304–1311CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, M.M.Gershon, E.S.Kidd, K.K.Prusoff, B.A.Leckman, J.F.Dibble, E.Hamovit, J.Thompson, D.Pauls, D.L. & Guroff, J.J. (1984) Psychiatrie disorders in the relatives of probands with affective disorders. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 41, 13–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, M.M.Leaf, P.J.Holzer, C.E.Myers, J.K. & Tischler, G.L. (1984) The epidemiology of depression. An update on sex differences in rate. J. Affective Disord. 7, 179–188CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, M.M. (1987) Advances in psychiatrics epidemiology: rates and risks for major depression. Am. J. Public Health 77, 445–451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, J.K.Cooper, J.E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) Measurement and Classification of Psychiatrie Symptoms: an Instruction Manual for the PSE and Catego Program. Cambridge Univcrsity Press, London, 243 pp.Google Scholar
Winokur, G. (1985) The validity of neurotic reactive depression: new data and reappraisal. Arch. Gen. Psyehiatry 42, 1116–1122CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, M.A.Scheftner, W.A.Klerman, G.L.Andreasen, N.C. & Hirschfeld, R.M.A. (1986) The endogenous sub-type of depression : a study of its internai construct validity. Br. J. Psychiatry 148, 257–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M.Coryell, W. & Pfohl, B. (1986a) Melancholic subtyping: a qualitative or quantitative distinction? Am. J. Psychiatry 143, 98–100Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M.Coryell, W. & Pfohl, B. (1986b) Validity of familial subtypes of primary unipolar depression. Clinical, demographie and psychosocial correlates Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 43, 1090–1096CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M.Coryell, W.Pfohl, B. & Stangl, D. (1986c) The validity of four definitions of endogenou depression. II: Clinical, demographie, familial an psychosocial correlates. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1986 Mar 43, 234–244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.