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DSM-III criteria for affective disorders and schizophrenia : A preliminary appraisal using family interview findings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

H.G. Pope Jr.
Affiliation:
Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA
B.M. Cohen
Affiliation:
Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA
J.F. Lipinski
Affiliation:
Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA
D. Yurgelun-Todd
Affiliation:
Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA
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Summary

We performed a blind family interview study of 226 first-degree relatives of 63 probands meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder, as diagnosed by the National Institute ot Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). A small test-retest reliability study demonstrated good agreement between the proband interviewer and the principal family interviewer for the major diagnostic categories of psychotic disorders. Excellent compliance was obtained, with 85% of living relatives interviewed personally.

Three principal findings emerged front the study. First, as expected, bipolar disorder, as defined by DSM-III, displayed a strong familial comportent, comparable to that found by many studies using criteria other than those of DSM-III. Second, patients meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder displayed a low familial prevalence of schizophrenia. Although initially suprising, this finding is in agreement with the results of several other recent lantily studies of schizophrenia. Upon comparing our results with those of other recent family studies of schizophrenia, it appears that the familial component in schizophrenia tnay be less than was estimated by earlier studies using older and “broader” definitions of schizophrenia.

Third, we found that patients meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia appeared genetically heterogeneous. Those who had displayed a superimposed full affective syndrome at some tinte in the course of their illness, together with those probands meeting DSM-III criteria for schizoaffective disorder, displayed a high familial prevalence of major affective disorder, similar to that found in the families of the bipolar probands. On the other hand, “pure” DSM-III schizophrenie probands, who had never experienced a superimposed full affective syndrome, displayed a low familial prevalence of major affective disorder, similar to that found in the general population. These findings favor the possibility that probands meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia, but displaying a superimposed full affective syndrome, may in sonie cases have a disorder genetically relatcd to major affective disorder.

Further prospective family interview studies, using DSM-III criteria and larger samples, will be necessary to test these preliminary impressions.

Résumé

Résumé

Une enquête familiale menee en aveugle a concerné 226 parents au premier degré de 63 sujets pour lesquels avaient étée portés selon le DSM-III les diagnostics de schizophrénie, de trouble schizoaffectif et de trouble bipolaire. Les diagnostics ont été faits à l’aide du guide d'entretien diagnostique du NIH (DIS). Une bréve étude de fidélité test-retest conclue à un bon accord entre l’interviewer des patients et l’interviewer principal des familles en ce qui concerne les grandes categories diagnostiques de troubles psychotiques. L“observance a été excellente puisque 85% des parents vivants ont été interviewés personnellement.

Trois résultats principaux se dégagent de cette étude. En premier lieu comme il était prévu, une charge familiale importante a été mise en évidence pour le trouble bipolaire tel qu’il est defini par le DSM-III, résultat comparable à ceux des études utilisant d’autres critéres que ceux du DSM-III, En second lieu, les patients ayant les critéres du DSM-III de schizophrenie et de trouble schizoaffectif ont une prévalance familiale faible pour la schizophrénie. Bien que surprenant à premiére vue, ce résultat est concordant avec plusieurs études familiales recentes dans le domain de la schizophrénie. Lorsque les résultats de cette étude sont mis en relation avec les autres études familiales récentes la composante familiale de la schizophrénie semble alors moins importante que lors d’estimations antérieures qui utile soient des définitions plus anciennes et plus «larges» du trouble.

En troisiéme lieu, les patients ayant les critéres de schizophrénie du DSM-III se révèlent être génétiquement hétérogénes. Ceux qui ont présenté à un moment ou à un autre de l’évolution de leur maladie un syndrome affectif surajout au complet ont une prévalance familiale élevée de trouble affectif majeur, tout comme les sujets ayant les critéres de trouble schizoaffectif du DSM-III. Cette prévalance est la même que celle retrouvée dans les familles des sujets bipolatres. Réciproquement les sujets ayant une schizophrénie «pure» selon te DSM-III et qui n’ont jamais présenté un syndrom affectif au complet surajouté ont une prévalance familiale basse de trouble affectif majeur, équivalente à celle retrouvée dans la population générale. Ces résultats sont en faveur de la possibilité que les sujets ayant les critéres de scltzophrenie du DSM-III, mais ayant présenté un syndrome affectif surajouté au complet puissent dans certains cas êtr porteurs d’un trouble lié génétiquement au trouble affectif majeur.

Des études prospectives familiales ultérieures utilisant les critéres du DSM-III et des échantillons plus larges son nécessaires pour tester ces impressions préliminaires.

Type
Original article
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1988

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