Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:58:53.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

T. A. B. Sanders*
Affiliation:
Nutrition Food & Health Research Centre, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Tom Sanders, fax +44 (0)171 333 4273, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets is discussed. Energy and protein intakes are similar for plant-based diets compared with those containing meat. Fe and vitamin B12 are the nutrients most likely to be found lacking in such diets. Bioactive substances present in foods of plant origin significantly influence the bioavailability of minerals and requirements for vitamins. Well-balanced vegetarian diets are able to support normal growth and development. It is concluded that meat is an optional rather than an essential constituent of human diets.

Type
Meat or wheat for the next millennium? A Debate Pro veg
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Armstrong, BK, Davis, RE, Nicol, DJ, van Merwick, AJ & Larwood, CJ (1974) Haematological, vitamin B12 and folate studies on Seventh-Day Adventist Vegetarians. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27, 717.Google Scholar
Chanarin, I, Malkowska, V, O'Hea, AM, Rinsler, MG & Price, AB (1985) Megaloblastic anaemia in a vegetarian Hindu community. Lancet ii, 11681172.Google Scholar
Dagnelie, PC, van Staveren, WA, Vergote, FJ, Dingjan, PG, van den Berg, H & Hautvast, JG (1989) Increased risk of vitamin B-12 and iron deficiency in infants on macrobiotic diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 818824.Google Scholar
Dagnelie, PC, Vergote, FJVRA, van Staveren, WA, van den Berg, H, Dingjan, PG & Hautvast, JGAJ (1990) High prevalence of rickets in infants on macrobiotic diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 202208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
de Pee, S & West, CE (1996) Dietary carotenoids and their role in combating vitamin A deficiency: a review of the literature. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, Suppl. 3, S38S53.Google ScholarPubMed
de Pee, S, West, CE, Muhilal, Karyadi, D & Hautvast, JG (1995) Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables. Lancet 346, 7581.Google Scholar
Donovan, UM & Gibson, RS (1995) Iron and zinc status of young women aged 14 to 19 years consuming vegetarian and omnivorous diets. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 14, 463472.Google Scholar
Draper, A, Lewis, J, Malhotra, N & Wheeler, E (1993) The energy and nutrient intakes of different types of vegetarian: a case for supplements? British Journal of Nutrition 69, 319.Google Scholar
Dunnigan, MG & Henderson, JB (1997) An epidemiological model of privational rickets and osteomalacia. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 56, 939956.Google Scholar
Dwyer, JT, Dietz, WH, Hass, GH & Suskind, RM (1979) Risk of nutritional rickets among vegetarian children. American Journal of Diseases of Children 133, 134140.Google ScholarPubMed
Grattan-Smith, PJ, Wilcken, B, Procopis, PG & Wise, GA (1997) The neurological syndrome of infantile cobalamin deficiency: developmental regression and involuntary movements. Movement Disorders 12, 3946.Google Scholar
Glynn, MK, Bopp, C, Dewitt, W, Dabney, P, Moktar, M & Angulo, FJ (1998) Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine 338, 13331338.Google Scholar
Herbert, V (1994) Staging vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) status in vegetarians. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 1213S1222S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogue, A, White, P, Guard-Petter, J, Schlosser, W, Gast, R, Ebel, E, Farrar, J, Gomez, T, Madden, J, Madison, M, McNamara, AM, Morales, R, Parham, D, Sparling, P, Sutherlin, W & Swerdlow, D (1997) Epidemiology and control of egg-associated. Salmonella enteritidis in the United States of America. Revue Scientifique et Technique 16, 542553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, C & Dwyer, JT (1988) Vegetarian children: appropriate and inappropriate diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, Suppl. 3, 811818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, RT & Gibbs, CJ (1998) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. New England Journal of Medicine 339, 19942004.Google Scholar
Kuhne, T, Bubl, R & Baumgartner, R (1991) Maternal vegan diet causing a serious infantile neurological disorder due to vitamin B12 deficiency. European Journal of Pediatrics 150, 205208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovblad, K, Ramelli, G, Remonda, L, Nirkko, AC, Ozdoba, C & Schroth, G (1997) Retardation of myelination due to dietary vitamin B12 deficiency: cranial MRI findings. Pediatric Radiology 27, 155158.Google Scholar
McFadyen, IR, Campbell-Brown, M, Abraham, R, North, WRS & Haines, AP (1984) Factors affecting birthweight in Hindus, Moslems and Europeans. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 91, 968972.Google Scholar
Nathan, I, Hackett, AF & Kirby, S (1996) The dietary intake of a group of vegetarian children aged 7–11 years compared with matched omnivores. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 533544.Google Scholar
Nathan, I, Hackett, AF & Kirby, S (1997) A longitudinal study of the growth of matched pairs of vegetarian and omnivorous children, aged 7–11 years, in the north-west of England. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 2025.Google Scholar
Rana, SK & Sanders, TAB (1986) Taurine concentrations in the diet, plasma, urine and breastmilk of vegans compared with omnivores. British Journal of Nutrition 56, 1727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, S & Sanders, TAB (1990) Haematological studies on pre-menopausal Indian and Caucasian vegetarians compared with Caucasian omnivores. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 331338.Google Scholar
Reddy, S & Sanders, TAB (1992) Lipoprotein risk factors in vegetarian women of Indian descent are unrelated to dietary intake. Atherosclerosis 95, 223229.Google Scholar
Reddy, S, Sanders, TAB & Obeid, O (1994) The influence of maternal vegetarian diet on essential fatty acid status of the newborn. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 358368.Google Scholar
Roberts, IF, West, RJ, Ogilvie, D & Dillon, MJ (1979) Malnutrition in infants receiving cult diets: a form of child abuse. British Medical Journal 1, 296298.Google Scholar
Sabate, J, Lindsted, KD, Harris, RD & Sanchez, A (1991) Attained height of lacto-ovo vegetarian children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 5158.Google Scholar
Sadun, AA, Martone, JF, Muci-Mendoza, R, Reyes, L, DuBois, L, Silva, JC, Roman, G & Caballero, B (1994) Epidemic optic neuropathy in Cuba. Eye findings. Archives of Ophthalmology 112, 691699.Google Scholar
Sanders, TAB (1995) Vegetarian diets and children. Pediatric Clinics of North America 42, 955965.Google Scholar
Sanders, TAB, Ellis, FR & Dickerson, JWT (1978) Haematological studies on vegans. British Journal of Nutrition 40, 915.Google Scholar
Sanders, TAB & Manning, J (1992) The growth and development of vegan children. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 5, 1121.Google Scholar
Sanders, TAB & Reddy, S (1992) The influence of a vegetarian diet on the fatty acid composition of human milk and the essential fatty acid status of the infant. Journal of Pediatrics 120, S71S77.Google Scholar
Sanders, TAB & Roshanai, F (1992) Platelet phospholipid fatty acid composition and function in vegans compared with age-and sex-matched omnivore controls. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 823831.Google Scholar
Tayter, MS & Stanek, KL (1989) Anthropometric and dietary assessment of omnivore and lacto-ovo-vegetarian children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 89, 16611663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Dusseldorp, M, Arts, IC. Bergsma, JS, De Jong, N, Dagnelie, PC & van Staveren, WA (1996) Catch-up growth in children fed a macrobiotic diet in early childhood. Journal of Nutrition 126, 29772983.Google Scholar
Widdowson, EM & McCance, RA (1954) Studies on the Nutritive Value of Bread and the Effect of Variations in the Extraction Rate of Flour on the Growth of Undernourished Children. Medical Research Council Special Report Series no. 287. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar