Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T16:24:31.779Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

n-6 and n-3 Essential fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2008

J. J. F. Belch*
Affiliation:
University Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DDl 9SY, UK
A. Muir
Affiliation:
University Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DDl 9SY, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Professor J. J. F. Belch, fax +44 (0)1382 660675, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Meeting Report
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Belch, JJF (1988) The role of eicosanoids in inflammation. In Immunopathogenic Mechanisms of Arthritis, pp. 2650 [Goodacre, J and Dick, WC, editors]. Lancaster: MTP Press Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belch, JJF (1989) Eicosanoids and rheumatology: inflammatory and vascular aspects. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 36, 219234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belch, JJF (1995) Temperature related disorders. In Textbook of vascular medicine, pp. 329352 [Tooke, J and Lowe, GDO, editors]. London: Edward arnold.Google Scholar
Belch, JJF, Ansell, D, Madhok, R, O'dowd, A & Sturrock, RD (1988) Effects of altering dietary essential fatty acids on requirements for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo controlled study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 47, 96104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belch, JJF, Mclaren, M, Anderson, J, Lowe, GDO, Sturrock, RD, Capell, HA & Forbes, CD (1985 a) Increased prostacyclin metabolites and decreased red cell deformability in patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's syndrome. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Medicine 17, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belch, JJF, Shaw, B, O'dowd, A, Curran, L, Forbes, CD & Sturrock, RD (1996) Evening primrose oil (efamol) as a treatment of cold-induced vasospasm (Raynaud's phenomenon). Progress in lipid research 25, 335340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belch, JJF, Shaw, B, O'dowd, A, Saniabadi, A, Leiberman, P, Sturrock, RD & Forbes, CD (1985 b) Evening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon: a double blind study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54, 490494.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, J, Sim, AK, De ceular, K, Mcleod, M, El-Ghobarey, AF & Dick, WC (1980) Naudicelle in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Thérapeutique 50, 355357.Google Scholar
Brzeski, M, Madhok, R & Capell, HA (1991) Evening primrose oil in patients with rheumdtoid arthritis and side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. British journal of Rheumatology 30, 370372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Giacomo, RA, Joel, M, Kremer, JM, Dhiraj, M & Shah, DM (1989) Fish-oil dietary supplementation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: a double-blind, controlled, prospective study. American Journal of Medicine 86, 158164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endres, S, De Caterina, R, Schmidt, EB & Kristensen, SD (1995) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids: update 1995. European Journal of Clinical investigation 25, 629638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geusens, P, Wouters, C, Nijs, J, Jiang, Y & Dequeker, J (1994) Long-term effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. A 12 month, double blind, controlled study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 37, 824829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, TM, Lerche, A, Kassis, V, Lorenzen, I & Sondergaard, J (1983) Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with prostaglandin el precursors cis-linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 12, 8588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauben, M (1993) Evening primrose oil in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis - proper application of statistical analysis. Comment. Annals of pharmacotherapy 27, 14751477.Google Scholar
Horrobin, DF (1984) Essential fatty acid metabolism in diseases of connective tissue with special reference to scleroderma and to sjögren's syndrome. Medical hypothesis 14, 233271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horrobin, DF (1991) Interactions between n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids (EFAs) in the regulation of cardiovascular disorders and inflammation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 44, 127131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, GRV (1994) Connective Tissue Diseases, 4th ed., pp. 102104. Oxford: Blackwell scientific publications.Google Scholar
Jantti, J, Nikkari, T, Solskivi, T, Vapaatalo, H & Isomaki, H (1989) Evening primrose oil in rheumatoid arthritis: changes in serum lipids and fatty acids. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 48, 124127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joe, LA & Hart, LL (1993) Evening primrose oil in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, 14751477.Google ScholarPubMed
Kremer, JM, Bigaouette, J, Michalek, AV, Lininger, L, Huyck, C, Timchalk, MA, Rynes, RI, Zeiminski, J & Bartholomew, LE (1985) Effects of manipulation of dietary fatty acids on diurnal manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet i, 184187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lau, C, O'Dowd, A & Belch, JJF (1992) White cell activation in the Raynaud's phenomenon of systemic sclerosis and vibration induced white finger syndrome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 51, 249252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lau, CS, Mclaren, M, Mackay, IR & Belch, JJF (1993 a) Baseline plasma fibrinolysis and its correlation with clinical manifestations in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 52, 443448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lau, CS, Morley, KD & Belch, JJF (1993 b) Effects of maxepa fish oil supplementation on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug requirement in patients with mild rheumatoid arthritis. Brirish journal of rheumatology 32, 982989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mclaren, M, Lau, C, Forbes, CD & Belch, JJF (1990) Seasonal variation in fibrinolysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Fibrinolysis 4, 116117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magaro, M, Altomonte, L, Zoli, A, Mirone, L, De Sole, P, Di Mario, G, Lippa, S & Oradei, A (1988) Influence of diet with different lipid composition on neutrophil chemiluminescence and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 47, 793796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manku, MS, Morse, N & Belch, JJF (1986) Effects of gamma- linolenic acid supplementation on plasma essential fatty acids. Progress in Lipid Research 25, 469473.Google Scholar
Manthorpe, R, Hagen Petersen, S & Prause, JU (1984) Primary sjogren's syndrome treated with efamolefavit. Rheumatology international 4, 165167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maple, C, Mclaren, M & Belch, JJF (1998) Dietary essential fatty acid supplementation with omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids reduces whole blood white blood cell aggregation in healthy volunteers. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (In the Press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mead, CJ & Mertin, J (1978) Fatty acids and immunity. Advanced Lipid Research 16, 127165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxholm, P, Manthorpe, R, Prause, JU & Horrobin, D (1986) Patients with primary sjögren's syndrome treated for two months with evening primrose oil. Scandinavian journal of Rheumatology 15, 103108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oxholm, P, Pedersen, BK & Horrobin, DF (1992) Natural killer cell functions are related to the cell membrane composition of essential fatty acids: differences in healthy persons and patients with primary sjögren's syndrome. Clinical Experimental Rheumatology 10, 229234.Google Scholar
Prescott, SM, Zimmerman, GA & Morrison, AR (1985) The effects of a diet rich in fish oil on human neutrophils: identification of leukotriene b5 as a metabolite. Prostaglandins 30, 209227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, TJ (1985) The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the function of murine suppressor cells. In Prostaglandins and immunity, pp. 8086 [Goodwin, JS, editor]. Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Tziousas, AG & Moutsopoulos, HM (1995) Sjogren's syndrome in connective tissue diseases. In Chapman & hall medical, pp. 103130 [Belch, JJF and Zurier, RB, editors]. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Veale, DJ, Torley, H, Richards, IM, O'Dowd, A, Fitzsimons, C, Belch, JJF & Sturrock, RD (1994) A double-blind placebo controlled trial of efamol marine on skin and joint symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. British Journal of Rheumatology 33, 954958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voorlees, JJ (1983) Leukotrienes and other lipoxygenase products in the pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis and other dermatoses. Archives of Dermatology 119, 541547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissmann, G, Smolen, JE & Kirchak, H (1980) Prostaglandins and inflammation: Receptorkyclase coupling as an explanation of why PGEs and PGIz inhibit functions of inflammatory cells. In Advanced Prostaglandin Thromboxane Research, pp. 16371638 [Samuelsson, B, Ramwell, PW and Paoletti, R, editors]. New york: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Ziboh, VA, Cohen, KA, Charles, EN, Miller, C, Hamilton, TA, Kragballe, K, Hydrick, CR & Voorhees, JJ (1986) Effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil on neutrophil and epidermal fatty acids Modulation of clinical course of psoriatic subjects. Archives of Dermatology 122, 12771281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zurier, RB, Rossetti, RG, Jacobson, EW, Demarco, DM, Liu, NY, Temming, JE, White, BM & Laposata, M (1996) Gammalinolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, placebocontrolled trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 39, 18081817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar