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The State of the Solar Wind, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere During the Maunder Minimum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2018

Pete Riley ,
Roberto Lionello ,
Jon A. Linker  and
Mathew J. Owens Open the ORCID record for Mathew J. Owens [Opens in a new window]
Pete Riley
Affiliation:
Predictive Science Inc., 9990 Mesa Rim Rd, Suite 170, San Diego, CA 92121, USA email: [email protected]
Roberto Lionello
Affiliation:
Predictive Science Inc., 9990 Mesa Rim Rd, Suite 170, San Diego, CA 92121, USA email: [email protected]
Jon A. Linker
Affiliation:
Predictive Science Inc., 9990 Mesa Rim Rd, Suite 170, San Diego, CA 92121, USA email: [email protected]
Mathew J. Owens
Affiliation:
Space and Atmospheric Electricity Group, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 243, Reading RG6 6BB, UK
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Abstract

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Both direct observations and reconstructions from various datasets, suggest that conditions were radically different during the Maunder Minimum (MM) than during the space era. Using an MHD model, we develop a set of feasible solutions to infer the properties of the solar wind during this interval. Additionally, we use these results to drive a global magnetospheric model. Finally, using the 2008/2009 solar minimum as an upper limit for MM conditions, we use results from the International Reference Ionosphere (ILI) model to speculate on the state of the ionosphere. The results describe interplanetary, magnetospheric, and ionospheric conditions that were substantially different than today. For example: (1) the solar wind density and magnetic field strength were an order of magnitude lower; (2) the Earth’s magnetopause and shock standoff distances were a factor of two larger; and (3) the maximum electron density in the ionosphere was substantially lower.

Keywords

solar windsolar-terrestrial relationssolar variability
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 13 , Symposium S340: Long-term Datasets for the Understanding of Solar and Stellar Magnetic Cycles , February 2018 , pp. 247 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2018 

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