Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T19:19:36.510Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observations of Gravitational-wave Afterglows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2023

Alessandra Corsi Open the ORCID record for Alessandra Corsi [Opens in a new window]
Alessandra Corsi*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Box 1051, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

GW170817, the merger of two neutron stars witnessed through both its gravitational wave siren and its glow at all wavelengths of light, represents the first multi-messenger detection of a compact binary merger. The association of the GW in-spiral signal from GW170817 with a γ-ray burst, a kilonova, and a non-thermal afterglow spanning all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, has provided rich constraints on the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars. Starting from the example of GW170817, I briefly summarize recent results on observations of electromagnetic afterglows from gravitational wave triggers. In the light of these results, I highlight some key questions that are yet to be answered after the GW170817 discovery. I conclude by commenting briefly on some opportunities that lie in front of us, as improvements in ground-based gravitational wave detectors’ sensitivities will transform a trickle of multi-messenger discoveries into a flood, bringing the field of gravitational wave astronomy from its infancy to its maturity.

Keywords

Gravitational wavesradiation mechanisms: generalmethods: observationalstars: neutron
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 16 , Symposium S363: Neutron Star Astrophysics at the Crossroads: Magnetars and the Multimessenger Revolution , June 2020 , pp. 92 - 104
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

References

Aasi, J., et al. 2015, Class. Quant. Grav., 32, 074001, doi: 10.1088/0264-9381/32/7/074001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acernese, F., et al. 2015, Class. Quant. Grav., 32, 024001, doi: 10.1088/0264-9381/32/2/024001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, K. D., Berger, E., Fong, W., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L21, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa905d CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amaro-Seoane, P., Audley, H., Babak, S., et al. 2017, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1702.00786. https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.00786 Google Scholar
Anand, S., Coughlin, M. W., Kasliwal, M. M., et al. 2021, Nature Astronomy, 5, 46, doi: 10.1038/s41550-020-1183-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreoni, I., Margutti, R., Sharan Salafia, O., et al. 2021, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2111.01945. https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.01945 Google Scholar
Arcavi, I., Hosseinzadeh, G., Howell, D. A., et al. 2017, Nature (London), 551, 64, doi: 10.1038/nature24291 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balasubramanian, A., Corsi, A., Mooley, K. P., et al. 2021, Astrophys. J. Lett., 914, L20, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/abfd38 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beasley, A., Wolff, S., Dickinson, M., et al. 2019, in Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 51, 88 Google Scholar
Bellm, E. C., Kulkarni, S. R., Graham, M. J., et al. 2019, Pub. of the Astron. Soc. of the Pacific, 131, 018002, doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/aaecbe CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhakta, D., Mooley, K. P., Corsi, A., et al. 2021, Astrophys. J., 911, 77, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abeaa8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchard, P. K., Berger, E., Fong, W., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L22, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9055 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broderick, J. W., Shimwell, T. W., Gourdji, K., et al. 2020, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 494, 5110, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa950" CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, E. 2020, Living Reviews in Relativity, 23, 4, doi: 10.1007/s41114-020-00028-7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chornock, R., Berger, E., Kasen, D., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L19, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa905c CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Margutti, R., et al. 2019, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 51, 237. https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04629 Google Scholar
Corsi, A., Hallinan, G. W., Lazzati, D., et al. 2018, Astrophys. J. Lett., 861, L10, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacdfd CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corsi, A., Lloyd-Ronning, N. M., Carbone, D., et al. 2019, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 51, 209 Google Scholar
Coulter, D. A., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., et al. 2017, Science, 358, 1556, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9811 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Villar, V. A., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L17, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8fc7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyne, R., Corsi, A., & Owen, B. J. 2016, Phys. Rev. D, 93, 104059, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.104059 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobie, D., Kaplan, D. L., Murphy, T., et al. 2018, The Astrophysical Journal, 858, L15, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac105 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drout, M. R., Piro, A. L., Shappee, B. J., et al. 2017, Science, 358, 1570, doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0049 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwyer, S., Sigg, D., Ballmer, S. W., et al. 2015, Phys. Rev. D, 91, 082001, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.082001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrow, N., Zhu, X.-J., & Thrane, E. 2019, Astrophys. J., 876, 18, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab12e3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, W., Berger, E., Margutti, R., & Zauderer, B. A. 2015, Astrophys. J., 815, 102, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/102 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, W., Berger, E., Blanchard, P. K., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L23, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, W., Blanchard, P. K., Alexander, K. D., et al. 2019, Astrophys. J. Lett., 883, L1, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d9e CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghirlanda, G., Salafia, O. S., Paragi, Z., et al. 2019, Science, 363, 968, doi: 10.1126/science.aau8815 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, R., & Granot, J. 2018, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 478, 4128, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty1214 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, R., & Granot, J. 2020, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 491, 5815, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz3340 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, R., Nathanail, A., & Rezzolla, L. 2019, The Astrophysical Journal, 876, 139, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab16da CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, A., Veres, P., Burns, E., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L14, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f41 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourdji, K., Rowlinson, A., Wijers, R. A. M. J., et al. 2022, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 509, 5018, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab3197 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggard, D., Nynka, M., Ruan, J. J., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L25, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8ede CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hajela, A., Margutti, R., Alexander, K. D., et al. 2019, Astrophys. J. Lett., 886, L17, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab5226 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hajela, A., Margutti, R., Bright, J. S., et al. 2021, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2104.02070. https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.02070 Google Scholar
Hallinan, G., Corsi, A., Mooley, K. P., et al. 2017, Science, 358, 1579, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9855 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hotokezaka, K., Kiuchi, K., Shibata, M., Nakar, E., & Piran, T. 2018, Astrophys. J., 867, 95, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aadf92 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagra Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2018, Living Reviews in Relativity, 21, 3, doi: 10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9 Google Scholar
Kasen, D., Metzger, B., Barnes, J., Quataert, E., & Ramirez-Ruiz, E. 2017, Nature (London), 551, 80, doi: 10.1038/nature24453CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasliwal, M. M., Nakar, E., Singer, L. P., et al. 2017, Science, 358, 1559, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9455 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasliwal, M. M., Anand, S., Ahumada, T., et al. 2020, Astrophys. J., 905, 145, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc335 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kathirgamaraju, A., Giannios, D., & Beniamini, P. 2019, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 487, 3914, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz1564 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilpatrick, C. D., Foley, R. J., Kasen, D., et al. 2017, Science, 358, 1583, doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0073 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazzati, D. 2020, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 7, 78, doi: 10.3389/fspas.2020.578849 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazzati, D., & Perna, R. 2019, Astrophys. J., 881, 89, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2e06 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazzati, D., Perna, R., Morsony, B. J., et al. 2018, Phys. Rev. Lett., 120, 241103, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.241103 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2016 a, Astrophys. J. Lett., 818, L22, doi: 10.3847/2041-8205/818/2/L22 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2016 b, Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 241103, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241103 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2016 c, Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 061102, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2016 d, The Astrophysical Journal, 832, L21, doi: 10.3847/2041-8205/832/2/l21 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2017 a, Phys. Rev. Lett., 119, 161101, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.161101 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2017 b, Astrophys. J. Lett., 851, L16, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9a35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2018, Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 161101, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.161101 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2019 a, Physical Review X, 9, 031040, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.9.031040 Google Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2019 b, Phys. Rev. D, 99, 104033, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.104033 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2019 c, Phys. Rev. X, 9, 011001, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.9.011001 Google Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, & Virgo Collaboration. 2019 d, The Astrophysical Journal, 875, 160, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0f3d CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, et al. 2016, Astrophys. J. Lett., 826, L13, doi: 10.3847/2041-8205/826/1/L13 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, et al. 2017 a, The Astrophysical Journal, 848, L12, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, et al. 2017 b, The Astrophysical Journal, 848, L13, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, et al. 2017 c, The Astrophysical Journal, 850, L40, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa93fc Google Scholar
Lippuner, J., & Roberts, L. F. 2015, The Astrophysical Journal, 815, 82, doi: 10.1088/0004-637x/815/2/82 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyman, J. D., Lamb, G. P., Levan, A. J., et al. 2018, Nature Astronomy, 2, 751, doi: 10.1038/s41550-018-0511-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makhathini, S., Mooley, K. P., Brightman, M., et al. 2021, Astrophys. J., 922, 154, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1ffc CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margalit, B., & Piran, T. 2020, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 495, 4981, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa1486 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margutti, R., & Chornock, R. 2021, Ann. Rev. A&A., 59, http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-030742 Google Scholar
Margutti, R., Berger, E., Fong, W., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L20, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9057 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metzger, B. D. 2017, Living Reviews in Relativity, 20, 3, doi: 10.1007/s41114-017-0006-z CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaely, E., & Perets, H. B. 2018, Astrophys. J. Lett., 855, L12, http://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaacfc CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mooley, K. P., Nakar, E., Hotokezaka, K., et al. 2018 a, Nature (London), 554, 207, doi: 10.1038/nature25452 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mooley, K. P., Deller, A. T., Gottlieb, O., et al. 2018 b, Nature (London), 561, 355, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0486-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mooley, K. P., Frail, D. A., Dobie, D., et al. 2018 c, Astrophys. J. Lett., 868, L11, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaeda7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakar, E. 2020, Phys. Rep., 886, 1, doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2020.08.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakar, E., Gottlieb, O., Piran, T., Kasliwal, M. M., & Hallinan, G. 2018, Astrophys. J., 867, 18, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae205 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakar, E., & Piran, T. 2011, Nature (London), 478, 82, doi: 10.1038/nature10365 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nedora, V., Radice, D., Bernuzzi, S., et al. 2021, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 506, 5908, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholl, M., Margalit, B., Schmidt, P., et al. 2021, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 505, 3016, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab1523 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholl, M., Berger, E., Kasen, D., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L18, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9029 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, K., Lundquist, M. J., Rastinejad, J. C., et al. 2021, Astrophys. J., 912, 128, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abeb71 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrov, P., Singer, L. P., Coughlin, M. W., et al. 2022, Astrophys. J., 924, 54, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac366d CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pian, E., D’Avanzo, P., Benetti, S., et al. 2017, Nature (London), 551, 67, doi: 10.1038/nature24298 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radice, D., Perego, A., Hotokezaka, K., et al. 2018, Astrophys. J., 869, 130, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reitze, D., LIGO Laboratory: California Institute of Technology, LIGO Laboratory: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, LIGO Hanford Observatory, & LIGO Livingston Observatory. 2019 a, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 51, 141. https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04615 Google Scholar
Reitze, D., Adhikari, R. X., Ballmer, S., et al. 2019 b, in Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 51, 35. https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04833 Google Scholar
Rowlinson, A., O’Brien, P. T., Metzger, B. D., Tanvir, N. R., & Levan, A. J. 2013, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 430, 1061, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sts683 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarin, N., & Lasky, P. D. 2021, General Relativity and Gravitation, 53, 59, doi: 10.1007/s10714-021-02831-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savchenko, V., Ferrigno, C., Kuulkers, E., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L15, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f94 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shappee, B. J., Simon, J. D., Drout, M. R., et al. 2017, Science, 358, 1574, doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0186 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoemaker, D. H., Ballmer, S., Barsuglia, M., et al. 2021, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2112.12718. https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.12718 Google Scholar
Smartt, S. J., Chen, T. W., Jerkstrand, A., et al. 2017, Nature (London), 551, 75, doi: 10.1038/nature24303 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soares-Santos, M., Holz, D. E., Annis, J., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L16, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sowell, E., Corsi, A., & Coyne, R. 2019, Phys. Rev. D, 100, 124041, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.124041 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanvir, N. R., Levan, A. J., González-Fernández, C., et al. 2017, Astrophys. J. Lett., 848, L27, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, & the KAGRA Collaboration. 2021 a, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2111.03634. https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.03634 Google Scholar
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, & KAGRA Collaboration. 2021 b, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2111.03606. https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.03606 Google Scholar
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, & the KAGRA Collaboration. 2021 c, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 915, L5, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac082e CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troja, E., Piro, L., van Eerten, H., et al. 2017, Nature (London), 551, 71, doi: 10.1038/nature24290 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troja, E., van Eerten, H., Ryan, G., et al. 2019, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 489, 1919, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2248 Google Scholar
Troja, E., O’Connor, B., Ryan, G., et al. 2022, Mon. Not. of the Royal Astron. Soc., 510, 1902, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab3533 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valenti, S., David, J. S., Yang, S., et al. 2017, The Astrophysical Journal, 848, L24, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8edf CrossRefGoogle Scholar