Throughout the course of product experience, a user employs multiple senses, including vision, hearing, and touch. Previous cross-modal studies have shown that multiple senses interact with each other and change perceptions. In this paper, we propose a methodology for designing multisensory product experiences by applying cross-modal effect to simultaneous stimuli. In this methodology, we first obtain a model of the comprehensive cognitive structure of user's multisensory experience by applying Kansei modeling methodology and extract opportunities of cross-modal effect from the structure. Second, we conduct experiments on these cross-modal effects and formulate them by obtaining a regression curve through analysis. Finally, we find solutions to improve the product sensory experience from the regression model of the target cross-modal effects. We demonstrated the validity of the methodology with SLR cameras as a case study, which is a typical product with multisensory perceptions.

Increasing system complexity can be controlled by using systems engineering processes. INCOSE defines processes with inputs and outputs (artifacts) for this purpose. Specific SE roles are used to organize the tasks of the processes within the company. In this work, the responsibilities for artifacts are evaluated by means of the RACI scheme and examined by a cluster analysis and discussed for a SE transformation project with a German automotive OEM. As a result of the study, the optimal composition for systems engineering teams is identified and the systems engineering roles are prioritized.

Polygon meshes and particularly triangulated meshes can be used to describe the shape of different types of geometry such as bicycles, bridges, or runways. In engineering, such polygon meshes can occur as finite element meshes, resulting from topology optimization or laser scanning. This article presents an automated parameterization of polygon meshes into a parametric representation using subdivision surfaces, especially in topology optimization. Therefore, we perform surface skeletonization on a volumetric grid supported by the Euclidian distance transformation and topology preserving and shape-preserving criterion. Based on that surface skeleton, an automated conversation into a Subdivision Surface Control grid is established. The final mid-surface-like parametrization is quite flexible and can be changed by variating the control gird or the local thickness.

Today we live a high increasing digitalization in industry 4.0. As part of the evolution of CAD solutions on the market, there is a particular interest in new generation software which are distributed as Software-as-a- Service (SaaS) such as Onshape, 3D Experience, Fusion 360, etc. In order to prepare engineering students for integrating such software within the Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), a further practicing study is carried out in this paper. This study aims to identify, analyze, experiment, evaluate and compare the capacities of Cloud-based CAD solutions on the market and in scientific research work in order to define potential benefits for their implementation in mechanical engineering education. Therefore, we tested two use scenarios of the two Cloud-based software; Onshape and Fusion 360 on a case study. Then, we discussed the comparison results.

The integration of Sensing Machine Elements (SME) is a promising approach to obtain reliable data about relevant process and state variables of technical systems. However, the quality and reliability of the provided data strongly depends on the corresponding calculation model of the SME and the therein included uncertainty. Consequently, in this contribution, the calculation model of a sensory utilized rolling bearing, as exemplary SME, is systematically analyzed using existing methods and tools to identify uncertainty that critically affects the quality and reliability of the data provided.

Digital Twins are virtual representations of a product-service-instance and, as a technology, represent an important part of the realization of Industry 4.0. They manage data of the associat-ed product instance and can also have functions for simulation to achieve cost and resource savings while simultaneously increasing product quality. In this paper, a need for action for the implementation of a systematic approach for the returning of data of Digital Twins into the product design is identified and a methodology is developed as an answer. This methodology realizes an information management, which supports holistic data and information flows. It de-fines necessary steps for the implementation of data and information transport, starting from a data management up to information provision in product design. Based on a performed potential analysis for the identification of intended uses in the context of product design, the overall ap-plication focus is narrowed down to the development of new product generations to support the requirements development. The concept structure consists of Digital Twins, a data mining sys-tem for the transformation of data into information and a presentation system for managing the information provided.

The aim of our study was to use Kansei Engineering Evaluation to examine the renewal of old buildings with sustainability and innovation by comparing to new buildings. First, we conducted a questionnaire survey, with 84 participants, on 18 buildings from Asian and European countries; the survey used 16 adjectives. Second, we studied the characteristics of new and renewed old buildings in terms of the elements crucial to sustainable and innovative design. The results suggest that the adaptive reuse of old buildings in more sustainable than constructing new buildings. Further, the adjectives preferred by the survey show that the adaptive reuse of old buildings has higher influence with character of “creative” from the innovation viewpoint. This paper presents a project to address sustainability and innovation of adaptive reused of old building at a later stage. This study contributes to the renewal of existing infrastructure to improve its longevity and chance of future reuse, and to ensure environmental sustainability for future society.

When using product-service systems as a business model, new product development challenges and opportunities arise. Due to the possibility of customizing the product fleet depending on the user-scenarios, more product variants are possible and often necessary. Therefore, this paper presents an approach for the automated functionality and design optimization for user scenario specific use cases. The approach combines an optimization framework with a functional simulation model and a generative design approach CAD model. This results in a robust and simultaneously flexible design environment.

The high interaction between process and product models in product development and systems engineering (SE) is common sense. However, most research in the field of model based systems engineering (MBSE) focusses of physical systems (hardware and software). The authors claim that this focus is a main reason for the low acceptance and high effort for implementation of SE and MBSE in industrial practice. Thus, this contribution aims at supporting an integrative analysis and synthesis of process and product models by introducing the concept and framework of Model-based Process Engineering. Based on established research this framework introduces three main systems, namely the system of processes, system of product models, and system of tools to describe complex product development. The main contribution of this work is a preliminary concept to structure and link the systems of processes and product models. Besides form the description of the main relations between the systems an integrated modelling concept to represent links between the process and product model system is proposed.

The aim of this paper is to examine the current state of research on tolerance-induced costs in Germany. Through a literature research already existing approaches for the determination of costs related to tolerances during the specification of technical components are pointed out and possible approaches for the reduction of these costs are presented. In addition, the actuality of these approaches will be considered. One question that is supposed to be answered here is to what state of standard for the specification of components these approaches can be assigned to. On the other hand, it should be clarified whether the existing approaches are applicable to the currently valid standard system of the Geometrical Product Specification (GPS).

Can the economic efficiency of the specifications selected for tolerancing be determined in a technical drawing during the product development process in accordance with GPS on the basis of the current state of research?

This paper aims to identify factors that influence creativity, and strives towards understanding the effect of representations, namely abstract and concrete design outcomes. Three conditions are compared; a control group, an abstract group, and a group provided with various example solutions. The implications of this work can strongly impact the formulation of design briefs, where the goal is to stimulate the creativity of design brief outcomes and examine their relationship to product awareness.

The use of product-service systems business models is increasing in today's economy. Because the products that provide the service to the customers incur cost during their lifetime, the method of lifecycle costing finds wide-spread use. However, this paper shows the current methods have some inaccuracies when determining lifecycle costs. The methods do not consider the required number of products necessary to provide the offered service to the customers. This paper describes a new framework for lifecycle costing that includes these cost components.

Understanding and applying consumers' needs in product development is key to success across various industries. The failure rate of new products, however, remains high because consumer demands are not adequately addressed. To investigate the role of consumers in the product development processes of small ventures, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews of 40 packaged food and beverage small ventures in California and Finland. Our findings showed that consumers rarely drove the design of new products, but rather functioned as a source of validation or feedback for small improvements of existing products. Consumer feedback was often unstructured and concentrated in the latter stages of the product development process. However, even though customer involvement in the small ventures' product development was more restricted than recommended in cocreation literature their influence still brought meaningful changes to the products. Given the small ventures' lack of resources, future research on creative, low-cost ways to co-create is called for.

Novel products are commonly realized by integrating heterogeneous technologies. Product architecting focus on defining the scheme by which the product functions are allocated to physical components. A DSM-based clustering method that integrates technical complexity and strategic concerns has previously been proposed. It has been shown that interaction weights in the DSM may affect the clustering result. A complexity-based interaction strength model to be used in DSM clustering is proposed here. The case study gives promising results from both interaction performance and safety points of view.

As the society is already permeated by data, a data-driven approach to inform design for sustainable behaviour can help to identify misbehaviours and target sustainable behaviours to achieve, as well as to select and implement the most suitable design strategies to promote a behavioural change and monitor their effectiveness. This work addresses the open challenge of providing designers with a model for Human-Machine Interactions (HMI) that helps to identify relevant data to collect for inferring user behaviour related to environmental sustainability during product use.

We propose a systematic modelling framework that combines constructs from existing representation techniques to identify the most critical variables for resources consumption, which are the determinants of potential misbehaviours related to HMI. The analysis is represented as a Behaviour-Inefficiency Model that graphically supports the analyst/designer to link user behaviours with a quantitative representation of resources consumption.

The paper describes the model through an example of the use of a kettle and an additional application of the same approach to a washing machine, in order to point out its versatility for modelling more complex interactions.

An ageing population leading to more chronic disease is straining healthcare systems. This paper makes two core contributions to healthcare systems design research: Firstly, a systemic techno-behavioural approach is presented to support intervention design with value-effective health outcomes. The systemic techno-behavioural perspective takes into consideration the interaction between three angles: The current healthcare system in place, the technological opportunities for addressing an issue and a broader and deeper understanding of the behaviour of those involved. The purpose of considering these three angels is to create interventions that are more robust. This will help inform healthcare systems design researchers and other stakeholders. Secondly, it is proposed that interventions should be grounded in behavioural theory, a collection of theories are presented to be incorporated in the design process of interventions. The systemic techno-behavioural approach is applied to dementia care highlighting the need to understand the dynamic relationship between the context of the current healthcare delivery system, technology, and behaviour to improve quality of care during the progression of the disease.

Information collection may affect the design quality and designer's performance through changing the structure of information and the way how information is searched and organized. Based on the theoretical analysis conducted by Wang et al., the present work continues to investigate the influence of designer's natural choice of information collection strategy on his/her mental stress both theoretically and empirically. Designers’ stresses are quantified from HRV data and are compared under different information collection strategies.

In solution-driven BID (sol-BID) a challenge is to identify suited applications that will benefit from the solutions principles found in nature. A well-known example of sol-BID is the self-cleaning lotus plant, that has inspired lotus paint and other coating methods. However, sol-BID is often performed by biologists with insight into the biological strategy and organism and typically only little knowledge of technical applications and design methodology. Searching for applications is therefore a challenge to many. Sol-BID has many things in common with technical application search where new applications are sought for a specific production technology or another competence characterizing a company. Experiences from technical application search could therefore form a valuable input for how to perform sol-BID. The paper presents two case studies of application search and proposes a procedure to be used in solution driven BID.

In testing and simulation departments in product development (PD) data types, data structures and data storage are often very different. Exchange of data and information is normally not automated and often not supported by management systems. This can lead to loss of time and information. A literature study in combination with 20 expert interviews and the analysis of documents as well as data storage structures and IT systems in a PD department of a motorcycle manufacturer were performed. Test and simulation processes were classified and standardized, documentation formats analyzed, standards in Test Data Management (TDM) and Simulation Data Management (SDM) as well as verification and validation processes compared. IT support in SDM is better than in TDM. An integration of TDM and SDM could lead to improved collaboration between testing and simulation departments. Options for this integration could be specific ontologies, object-oriented interfaces, a higher-level intermediate application, use of a common standard or integration of one standard into another one.

Maintenance decision making is an important part of managing the costs, effectiveness and risk of maintenance. One way to improve maintenance efficiency without affecting the risk picture is to group maintenance jobs. Literature includes many examples of algorithms for the grouping of maintenance activities. However, the data is not always available, and with increasing plant complexity comes increasingly complex decision requirements, making it difficult to leave the decision making up to algorithms.

This paper suggests a framework for the standardisation of maintenance data as an aid for maintenance experts to make decisions on maintenance grouping. The standardisation improves the basis for decisions, giving an overview of true variance within the available data. The goal of the framework is to make it simpler to apply tacit knowledge and make right decisions.

Applying the framework in a case study showed that groups can be identified and reconfigured and potential savings easily estimated when maintenance jobs are standardised. The case study enabled an estimated 7%-9% saved on the number of hours spent on the investigated jobs.