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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
The large collection of Croker papers in The William L. Clements Library of American History includes six bound volumes of holograph letters written by John Gibson Lockhart to John Wilson Croker, and called the Lockhart-Croker Correspondence. These letters have been known to scholars, and a number of extracts have been published as a means of throwing light on specific persons and problems. They have not, however, been systematically consulted for the information which they provide on the authorship of articles in the Quarterly. Since perhaps their chief value lies in such information, we offer here a list of titles and authors upon which Lockhart's testimony serves as useful and often conclusive evidence.
1 The Correspondence also contains a few of Croker's letters and a number of miscellaneous enclosures.
2 By Professor Alan Lang Strout in Notes and Queries and the London Times Literary Supplement. For detailed references, see PMLA, annual bibliographies from 1938 to 1943. See also Myron F. Brightfield, John Wilson Croker (Berkeley, 1940); and H. J. C. Grierson, London Times Literary Supplement, April 24, 1937, p. 308.
3 We wish to acknowledge our indebtedness for access to certain source material. Professor Randolph G. Adams, Director, and Mr. Howard H. Peckham, Curator of MSS of The William L. Clements Library of American History, showed us many courtesies during our examination of the great Clements collection of Croker papers. Professor A. L. Strout, of Texas Technological College, very kindly lent us his microfilms of the Lockhart-Croker Correspondence as well as transcripts of the first four volumes made by his graduate students. Professor Myron F. Brightfield, of the University of California, was kind enough to send us an advance copy of his article on “Lockhart's Quarterly Contributors,” PMLA (June, 1944) and a copy of the entries he made in the offices of John Murray, Albemarle Street, referred to below as “Murray's list.” This paper, as well as further work now in progress, has been aided by a grant from the Research Fund of Temple University, generously established by President Robert L. Johnson.
4 These lists are in Brightfield's Croker, pp. 453–459, and his “Lockhart's Quarterly Contributors” (loc. cit.); in M. Clive Hildyard, Lockhart's Literary Criticism (Oxford, 1931), pp. 160–163; and in the Appendix of Walter Graham, Tory Criticism in the Quarterly Review, 1809–1853 (New York, 1921). We have here disregarded an extensive list published in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1844, 1845, and 1847 (N. S. xxi, 137–141, 577–580; xxiii, 599–602; xxviii, 34–37). It is already known to be extremely inaccurate. In its ascriptions for articles discussed in the present paper, more than half are demonstrably wrong. The author of the list depends, as he says, upon standard works and subjective judgments.
5 Numerals refer respectively to volume, number, and article.
6 Dated by its relation to a letter of May 24, 1845, in which Lockhart offers Croker information about earlier articles on Ireland.
7 This article is attributed to Lord Dudley in Murray's list.
8 Lockhart-Croker Correspondence [hereafter referred to as L-C], vi, Letter 50. All of the letters in Vol. vi of the Correspondence are undated, and are therefore referred to by letter number. In quotations from Lockhart's letters we have corrected occasional obvious slips in spelling, added necessary punctuation, and expanded some abbreviations. Otherwise, we have printed the letters as written.
9 L-C, iii.
10 Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold, D.D. (London, 1852), p. 61.
11 (New York, 1846), pp. 378–403.
12 We have been unable to find any information about E. Edwards. Several persons of that name published works during this period. The name appears a number of times in Murray's list.
13 L-C, nr.
14 This article is a review of R. Ferguson, A Letter to Sir Henry Halford … proposing a method of inoculating the smallpox ….
15 L-C, I.
16 L-C, I.
17 See Brightfield's PMLA list.
18 L-C, v.
19 L-C, iii contains both letters.
20 L-C, ii. Also attributed to Philipotts in Murray's list.
21 In Vol. 6 of The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, 6 vols. (London, 1849–50).
22 L-C, iii. Lockhart repeated this statement in a second letter written three days later. Southey's letter to his brother, February 13, 1831, substantially confirms Lockhart's statements (Southey, op. cit., vi, 142). Southey is even more specific in a letter to J. W. Warter, January 12, 1831: “… how I have been busied tooth and nail during eleven days after I left it [London] and got to Miss Bowles's, near Lymington, you may judge when you know that in that time I wrote the concluding article of the Quarterly Review all but the first seven pages” (ibid., vi, 126–127). It is possible that “the first seven pages” were written by Miller; but more likely Southey means that he had written those before leaving London. This article is the concluding one in No. 87.
23 L-C, i. “Fullarton” must be John Fullarton, who wrote on the currency and who during the reform crisis contributed articles to the Quarterly Review (DNB).
24 L-C, vi, Letter 100. The approximate date is established by references in the letter.
25 L-C, iii.
26 L-C, iii.
27 “La Fayette et la Révolution de 1830,” in this number.
28 L-C, i.
29 L-C, i.
30 Revisions and rewriting were regularly done not from manuscript but from the preliminary proofs or “slips.” These slips were often printed as a rough draft from which to work up the finished article.
31 L-C, i.
32 In Brightfield's Croker list and PMLA list.
33 L-C, i.
34 L-C, i.
35 See Brightfield's Croker list.
36 “Robert Southey as Tory Reviewer,” Philological Quarterly, ii (April, 1923), 102.
37 Life and Letters of John Rickman (Boston, 1912), p. 305.
38 Letter to C. W. W. Wynn, in John Wood Warter, Selections from the Letters of Robert Southey, 4 vols. (London, 1856), iv, 364.
39 Letter to C. W. W. Wynn, ibid., iv, 374.
40 An error. The article appeared in March; there was no December number in 1834.
41 L-C, iv.
42 L-C, ii.
43 L-C, ii.
44 Not, however, in Murray's list.
45 L-C, iii.
46 L-C, i. Also contributed to Barrow in Murray's list.
47 L-C, iii. The entry in Murray's list is “M. Sullivan.”
48 L-C, ii. There is no evidence that Barrow had any coadjutors in this article as he did in his review of Quin's Steam-Voyage Down the Danube, liv, 108, ix. See above.
49 We have been unable to find any information on George Dodd beyond the fact that his name appears several times in Murray's list as the author of articles on legal questions.
50 L-C, iii.
51 Sir Joseph Arnould, Life of Thomas, first Lord Denman, 2 vols. (Boston, 1874), ii, 36n.
52 L-C, ii.
53 L-C, ii.
54 For further confirmation, see also Lord Campbell's letter to Napier, January 5, 1846 [Macvey Napier, Selection from the Correspondence of the late Macvey Napier, Esq. (London, 1879), p. 515].
55 L-C, ii. Also entered as McNeill's in Murray's list.
56 L-C, ii.
57 L-C, iii. Entered as Sewell's in Murray's list.
58 L-C, ii.
59 For evidence of authorship see above, lxvii, 133, iv (December, 1840), “Romanism in Ireland.” Entered as Sewell's in Murray's list.
60 L-C, ii.
61 L-C, ii. Brightfield's PMLA list gives the name as W. P. Smythe.
62 L-C, ii. Entered as Buckland's in Murray's list.
63 For evidence of authorship see above, lxvii, 133, ii (December, 1840), “Medical Reform.”
64 L-C, iii. “Mehemet Ali, etc.” appeared as “The French Lake,” No. 150, Article ix, already established as Kinglake's [Brightfield's PMLA list].
65 L-C, iii.
66 Brightfield's Croker list, presumably on the basis of the entry in Murray's list.
67 L-C, iii.
68 Article vi, “Miss Berry on French and English Society,” is already known to be Brougham's [Brightfield's PMLA list].
69 L-C, iii. Clowes printed the Quarterly.
70 L-C, iii.
71 L-C, iii.
72 L-C, vi, Letter 40.
73 In Brightfield's Croker and PMLA lists, presumably on the basis of an entry in Murray's list.
74 L-C, iii.
75 L-C, iii.
76 L-C, iii.
77 L-C, iii. The article is attributed to Brougham in Murray's list.
78 This article was apparently not published in the Quarterly.
79 L-C, iii.
80 L-C, iii.
81 Donat Henchy O'Brien, who was a Captain in the Royal Navy as early as 1814, had in 1808 escaped from prison in France. His rank of “Major” is explained by an Order in Council of February 10, 1747: “Captains of His Majesty's Ships or Vessels, not taking Post have rank as Majors.” (NED)
82 See Brightfield's Croker list.
83 L-C, m.
84 On pp. 265–269 of this article Croker, as the chief political writer of the Quarterly, argues against the proposed repeal of the malt-tax. [L-C, m, December 22, 1846].
85 L-C, iii.
86 L-C, iii.
87 L-C, iii. See also Sir Arthur Gordon, The Earl of Aberdeen (New York, 1893), pp. 29, 195–196.
88 New to distinguish it from his last one, No. 157, Article viii, above.
89 L-C, iii.
90 L-C, iii.
91 L-C, iii.
92 L-C, iii.
93 L-C, iii. Croker's “Peel Policy” is Article ix in this number.
94 L-C, iii. This review is attributed to Conybeare in Murray's list.
95 L-C, iii.
96 L-C, iii. Lockhart probably means Thomas Gisborne, to whom he refers elsewhere as “my radical ally.”
97 L-C, iv. Attributed to “E. Cheney” in Murray's list. Little is known of Edward Cheney except that he knew Austria and Italy well. He was the author of several monographs published by the Philobiblon Society: Remarks on Illuminated Official MSS. of the Venetian Republic (1867–68); The Tombs of the Scaligers at Verona (1871–72); and others. Lord Holland possessed a portrait of him, printed in Florence about 1843; see Princess Marie Liechtenstein, Holland House, 2 vols. (London, 1874), i, 231. See also evidence and notes under No. 175, Article ix, “The Ministers and the Pope,” and No. 178, Article viii, “Papal Pretensions.” Lockhart's letters elsewhere refer to this Cheney as “Edward.”
98 L-C, vi, Letter 103. This article, attributed to Gleig in Murray's list, is the only one on this subject published by the Quarterly. Lockhart's letter, therefore, must have been written in 1848. This review was not reprinted in G. R. Gleig, Essays Biographical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Contributed Chiefly to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, 2 vols. (London, 1858).
99 L-C, iv. Attributed to “E. Cheney” in Murray's list. See also evidence and notes on No. 163, Article x, “Pius IX.”
100 Lockhart wrote “1845,” by a slip of the pen. 1849 was unquestionably intended, for, in addition to this Brougham reference, the letter clearly refers to several articles forthcoming in No. 171.
101 L-C, iv. This article is attributed to Brougham in Murray's list.
102 “Venice,” in lxxxvi, 171, vi (December, 1849).
103 The present article.
104 L-C, iv. This article is attributed to “E. Cheney” in Murray's list.
105 Article iii. This is attributed to Gisborne in Murray's list and is reprinted in his Essays on Agriculture (1854). A letter of Lockhart's, January 12, 1850, indicates, however, that it underwent some revision at the hands of Sir Robert Peel: “Gisborne has sent me 2 letters of Peel's to him—Sir R. had read all the slips & sent them back with annotations. Funny that he should be helping the Q.R. in December, 1849!” [L-C, iv].
106 Article i. There is no entry in Murray's list for this, but it was reprinted in abridged form by Dr. (afterwards Sir Henry) Holland in his Essays on Scientific and Other Subjects Contributed to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews (London, 1862).
107 L-C, iv. Lockhart elsewhere often writes “Henry of Exeter” or “H. of Exeter” for Bishop Philipotts. Here he merely uses the standard, though not very common, abbreviation for Exeter. It is possible that Lockhart's Latin should be understood in reverse; that is, Gladstone “caring for” H. Exon. The article does support a position taken by Philipotts. The probability, however, seems to lie the other way, in view of the context and of Lockhart's habit of consulting the Bishop in all such cases. The article is listed as Gladstone's by John Morley; see The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, 3 vols. in 2 (New York, 1911), i, 657.
108 See Brightfield's PMLA list.
109 L-C, iv.
110 L-C, iv.
111 L-C, iv.
112 L-C, iv.
113 For evidence of authorship, see above, lxxxv, 170, vii (September, 1849), “Rome.” The entry in Murray's list for the present article is “Cheney.”
114 Possibly Thomas Devin Reilly, the Irish patriot.
115 No. 171, Article vii.
116 In Brightfield's Croker list, presumably on the basis of an entry in Murray's list.
117 L-C, iv.
118 Louis Philippe. See below under Article x of this number.
119 L-C, iv.
120 L-C, iv.
121 See Brightfield's PMLA list.
122 “Escape of Louis Philippe,” which is Article xi in this number.
123 L-C, iv.
124 Louis Philippe, while in England, furnished material for Article xi of this number, as Lockhart says in a letter to Croker on March 20, 1850: “I return L.P.'s paragraph—a curious document….” [L-C, iv.] The article contains private information about the king's escape that obviously came from Louis himself.
125 L-C, iv. Hungary is the subject of pp. 498–508 of this article. This section, written by Metternich, is serious and direct, in contrast to the light, bantering style of the rest of the article, written by Cheney. On p. 505n. there is a reference to “Austria and Germany,” an article in No. 167 by Travers Twiss, to whom Metternich, according to a letter by Lockhart to Croker on February 12, 1849, furnished the “hints & notes” [L-C, iv] on which Twiss based his review.
126 In Brightfield's Croker list, presumably on the basis of an entry in Murray's list.
127 L-C, v. For further identification of this Cheney, see below, No. 178, Article viii, “Papal Pretensions.” Other evidence there also confirms Cheney's connection with the present article.
128 L-C, iv. The letter names several of the works here reviewed.
129 L-C, iv. Article x, “Sir Francis Head on the Defenceless State of Great Britain,” has been previously established as Croker's [Brightfield's Croker list].
130 L-C, v. For the earlier article, see No. 175, Article ix. The present one was intended to follow in the next number, but was postponed.
131 Lockhart in 1851 knew a “Henry Cheney” (who might be the same as R. H. Cheney). He says that Sir Walter Scott knew “the Cheneys” in Rome in 1832 [Andrew Lang, Life and Letters of John Gibson Lockhart (London, 1897), ii, 346]. We know nothing further about the family.
132 L-C, v.
133 L-C, v. Cheney's letter is bound into this volume.
134 L-C, v. This article is attributed to Broderip in Murray's list.
135 L-C, v.
136 Article vi. See also Brightfield's PMLA list. Article ix in the present number, “First Decade of George III,” is entered as Coulton's there and in Murry's list. But the entry may be a scribal error and may have been intended for the present article on California. The ascription of No. 180, Article ix, to Coulton should therefore be regarded as uncertain, pending further evidence—especially in view of Lockhart's failure to mention it in the passage quoted above.
137 L-C, v. The title of this paper is not mentioned by Lockhart, but this was the usual subject of O'Sullivan, who was an Irish Protestant clergyman, much given to controversy. In Murray's list the article is attributed to “Dr. Sullivan.”
138 L-C, v. This article is attributed to “E. Cheney” in Murray's list.
