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Coleridge's Scheme of Pantisocracy and American Travel Accounts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Eugenia
Eugenia*
Affiliation:
St. Mary-of-the-Woods College
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Extract

Pantisocracy, although usually dismissed with a casual paragraph in any discussion of Coleridge, presents a chapter in the poet's development which deserves to be more fully investigated. I shall endeavor in the present paper to trace the influences that awakened Coleridge's interest in Pantisocracy, and to follow the course of this interest down to its termination. In dealing with this subject, it is necessary to consider two questions: first, what travel literature was extant at the period under discussion (1790–1801); and second, what probability there is that Coleridge had access to these sources.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 45 , Issue 4 , December 1930 , pp. 1069 - 1084
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1930

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References

1 The Letters of S. T. Coleridge (1895), I, 234.

2 Lane Cooper, “A Glance at Wordsworth's Reading,” Mod. Lang. Notes, xxiii:5, 88, 110.

3 Coleridge's copy of Hearne's Journey is now in possession of Dr. James B. Clemens.

4 Lane Cooper, op. cit., p. 115.

5 William Haller, The Early Life of Robert Southey (1917), p. 123 n.

6 J. Dykes Campbell, Life of S. T. Coleridge (1894), p. 25.

7 James Baker, “Books read by Coleridge and Southey,” Chambers Journal, n.s. 1890, vii, 75.

8 John L. Lowes, The Road to Xanadu (1927), p. 493.

9 The Letters of S. T. Coleridge (1895), I, 4.

10 H. B. Wheatley, “Coleridge's Marginalia in a Copy of Robinson Crusoe,” The Hempstead Annual (1902), p. 99.

11 William Bartram, Travels through the Carolinas, etc. (1792), p. 2.

12 John L. Lowes, op. cit., p. 515.

13 Ibid., p. 514.

14 J. Dykes Campbell, op. cit., p. 31.

15 Ibid., p. 34–35.

16 Mrs. H. Sanford, Thomas Poole and his Friends (1888), I, 97.

17 J. P. Brissot de Warville, Travels in the United States (1794), I, 48.

18 Mrs. H. Sanford, op. cit., I, 112.

19 The Monthly Review, v:6, n.s., 531.

20 Coleridge, Essays on his Own Times, ed. Sara Coleridge (1850), I, 26–27.

21 H. M. Jones, America and French Culture (1927), p. 129.

22 William Haller, op. cit., p. 123.

23 Ibid., p. 139 n.

24 J. L. Lowes, op. cit., p. 554.

25 J. Aynard, La Vie d'un poète-Coleridge (1907), p. 44.

26 Haller, op. cit., p. 139.

27 J. L. Lowes, op. cit., p. 38–40.

28 Haller, op. cit., p. 141.

29 Letters of S. T. Coleridge, I, 92.

30 Thomas Cooper, Some Information Respecting America (1794), p. iii.

31 Maurice W. Kelley, “Thomas Cooper and Pantisocracy,” Mod. Lang. Notes, xlv: 4, p. 218 (April, 1930).

32 Cooper, op. cit., p. 85.

33 Ibid., p. 10 ff.

34 Ibid., p. 105.

35 Ibid., p. 75.

36 Ibid., p. 52.

37 Ibid., p. 72.

38 Cuthbert Southey, The Life of Robert Southey (1849–50), I, 218–219.

39 Cooper, op. cit., p. 64.

40 Gilbert Imlay, A Topographical Description of. ... North America (1792), p. 28.

41 Ibid., p. 128.

42 Ibid., p. 239.

43 Ibid., Introduction ix.

44 O. F. Emerson, “Notes on Gilbert Imlay,” PMLA, xxxix, 408.

45 Ibid., p. 410.

46 Ibid., p. 410.

47 H. M. Jones, op. cit., p. 405.

48 O. F. Emerson, op. cit., p. 418.

49 Ibid., p. 419.

50 Hector St. John Crèvecoeur, Letters of an American Farmer (1794). Reprint (1904), p. 326.

51 Brissot de Warville, op. cit., I, 282 ff.

52 The Complete Poetical Works of S. T. C. (1912), I, 71.

53 Ibid., p. 74

54 Ibid., p. 74 note.

55 The Letters of S. T. Coleridge, I, 79.

56 Ibid., p. 103.

57 Woolman, The Journal of the Life and Travels of John Woolman (1838), 3d ed., p. 7 ff.

58 The Letters of S. T. C., I, 234.

59 John Woolman, op. cit., p. 224.

60 S. T. Coleridge, “To a Young Friend,” in The Complete Poetical Works of S. T. C. (1912), I, 156.

61 Ibid., “Pantisocracy,” in op. cit., I, 69.

62 Ibid., “On the Prospect of Establishing a Pantisocracy in America,” in op. cit. I, 69.

63 Haller, op. cit., p. 207.

64 The Letters of S. T. Coleridge, I, 122.

65 The Letters of S. T. Coleridge, I, 353.

66 The British Critic—A New Review (1795), v: 26, 27.

67 The Gentleman's Magazine (1795), lxv: 3, pt. 2, 760.

68 Ibid. (1796), lxvi: 4, pt. 1, 317.

69 Ibid., lxvi: 4, pt. 1, 347.

70 John Davis, Travels of Four and one-half Years in the U. S. A. 1799–1802. (Reprint 1909), p. 69.

71 R. Parkinson, A Tour in America, 1798–1800. London (1805), II, 274.

72 The Gentleman's Magazine, lxvi: 2, pt. 2, 563. Aug., 1796.

73 The Letters of S. T. Coleridge, I, 360.

74 Bryan Edwards, The Civil and Commercial History of the West Indies (1794), I, Book IV, 157 note.

75 Ibid., 528.

76 H. N. Brailsford, Shelley, Godwin, and their Circle, p. 54.