Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T01:48:59.339Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Representational Biases of Federalism: Scope and Bias in the Political Process, Revisited

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2007

Lisa L. Miller
Lisa L. Miller
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In 1960, E.E. Schattschneider noted that every change in the scope of political conflict has a bias; political conflicts that are localized tend to be highly restrictive, while nationalizing conflicts can draw in previously excluded groups. In contrast to this conventional wisdom, this paper suggests that the question of which venues are open to which interests is an empirical one.Lisa L. Miller is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University ([email protected]). The author would like to thank Frank Baumgartner, Regina Lawrence, Beth Leech, Michael McCann, and Marie Gottschalk, as well as the three anonymous reviewers, for their invaluable comments on earlier drafts.

Type
Research Article
Information
Perspectives on Politics , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , June 2007 , pp. 305 - 321
Copyright
© 2007 American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the Streets: Decency, Violence and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Anton, Thomas Julius. 1989. American Federalism and Public Policy: How the System Works. Philadelphia : Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Barkow, Rachel E. 2005. Federalism and the politics of sentencing. Columbia Law Review 105 (4): 1276–314.Google Scholar
Bastian, Lisa D., and Bruce M. Taylor. 1994. Young Black Male Victims: National Crime Victimization Survey. Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 147004.Google Scholar
Baum, Lawrence. 2004. The Supreme Court. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 1993. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones, eds. 2002. Policy Dynamics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R., and Beth L. Leech. 1998. Basic Interests: The Importance of Groups in Politics and Political Science. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumgartner, Frank R., and Beth L. Leech. 2001. Interest niches and policy bandwagons: Patterns of interest group involvement in national politics. Journal of Politics 63: 1191–213.Google Scholar
Beer, Samuel Hutchison. 1993. To Make a Nation : The Rediscovery of American Federalism, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. Lance. 1995. News: The Politics of Illusion. While Plains, NY: Longman.Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M. 1997. The Interest Group Society. New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Berry, Jeffrey M. 1999. The rise of citizen groups. In Civic Engagement in American Democracy, ed. Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar
Bourgois, Philippe I. 2003. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brisbin, Richard A. Jr. 2005. The judiciary and the separation of powers.” In The Judicial Branch, ed. Kermit L. Hall and Kevin T. McGuire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Browning, Rufus P., Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb. 1984. Protest Is Not Enough: The Struggle of Blacks and Hispanics for Equality in Urban politics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Carpenter, Daniel P. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations Networks and Policy invocation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, Dennis. 1991. Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cigler, Allan J., and Burdett A. Loomis. 1983. Interest Group Politics. Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Derthick, Martha. 1999. Dilemmas of Scale in America's Federal Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Derthick, Martha. 2001. Keeping the Compound Republic: Essays on American Federalism. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Dixon, Travis L., and Daniel Linz. 2000a. Overrepresentation and underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as lawbreakers on television news. Journal of Communication 50 (2): 131–54.Google Scholar
Dixon, Travis L., and Daniel Linz. 2000b. Race and the misrepresentation of victimization on local television news. Communication Research 27 (5): 547–73.Google Scholar
Dreier, Peter. 2005. How the media compound urban problems. Journal of Urban Affairs 27 (2): 193–201.Google Scholar
Dudziak, Mary L. 2000. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Elazar, Daniel J. 1987. Exploring Federalism. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Elazar, Daniel J., ed. 1994a. Federal Systems of the World : A Handbook of Federal, Confederal and Autonomy Arrangements. New York: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Elazar, Daniel J. 1994b. Federalism and the Way to Peace. Kingston, ON: Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen's University.Google Scholar
Entman, Robert M., and Andrew Rojecki. 2000. The Black in the White Mind: Media and Race in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M., and Edward L. Rubin. 1998. Judicial Policymaking and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ferrell, Claudine L. 1986. Nightmare and Dream: Antilynching in Congress 1917–1922. New York: Garland Publishing.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris. 1999. Extreme voices: The dark side of civic engagement. In Civic Engagement in American Democracy, ed. Theda Skocpol and Morris Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press.Google Scholar
Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gilliam, Franklin D. Jr., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. Prime suspects: The influence of local television news on the viewing public. American Journal of Political Science 44: 560–73.Google Scholar
Glassner, Barry. 1999. The Culture of Fear: Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Golembiewski, Robert T., and Aaron Wildavsky, ed. 1984. The Costs of Federalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Gottschalk, Marie. 2006. The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Virginia, and David Lowery. 1996. The Population Ecology of Interest Representation: Lobbying Communities in the American States. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Gregory, Steven. 1998. Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Haltom, William, and Michael W. McCann. 2004. Distorting the Law: Politics, Mand the Litigation Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hershey, Marjorie Randon, and Darrell M. West. 1983. Single-issue politics: Pro-life groups and the 1980 Senate campaign.” In Interest Group Politics, ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burdett A. Loomis. Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Holcombe, J.E., M.R. Williams, and Steven Demuth. 2004. White female victims and death penalty disparity research. Justice Quarterly 21: 877–902.Google Scholar
Holyoke, Thomas T. 2003. Choosing battlegrounds: Interest group lobbying across multiple venues. Political Research Quarterly 56: 325–36.Google Scholar
Katznelson, Ira. 2005. When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-century America. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Kenyon, Daphne A., and John Kincaid, eds. 1991. Competition among States and Local Governments : Efficiency and Equity in American Federalism. Washington, DC : Urban Institute Press.Google Scholar
King, Desmond S. 1995. Separate and Unequal: Black Americans and the U.S. Federal Government. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
King, Desmond S., and Rogers M. Smith. 2005. Racial orders in American political development. American Political Science Association 99(X): 75–92.Google Scholar
Klinkner, Philip, with Rogers Smith. 1999. Unsteady March: The Rise and Decline of Racial Equality in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Landy, Marc K. 1990. Local government and environmental policy. In Dilemmas of Scale in America's Federal Democracy, ed. Martha Derthick. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Regina G. 2000. The Politics of Force: Media and the Construction of Police Brutality. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Robert C. 1998. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lowery, David, and Virginia Gray. 2004. Bias in the heavenly chorus: Interests in society and before government. Journal of Theoretical Politics 16: 5–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowi, Theodore. 1964. American business, public policy, case-studies and political theory. World Politics 16: 677–715.Google Scholar
Lowi, Theodore. 1977. The End of Liberalism: The Second Republic of the United States. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Lyons, William. 1999. The Politics of Community Policing: Rearranging the Power to Punish. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manna, Paul. 2006. School's In: Federalism and the National Education Agenda. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
McCann, Michael W. 1986. Taking Reform Seriously: Perspectives on Public Interest Liberalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
McConnell, Grant. 1967. Private Power and American Democracy. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Miller, Lisa L. 2001. The Politics of Community Crime Prevention: Implementing Weed and Seed in Seattle. Burlington, VT: Dartmouth/Ashgate Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Lisa L. 2004. Re-thinking bureaucrats in the policy process: Criminal justice agents and the national crime agenda. Policy Studies Journal 32: 569–88.Google Scholar
Miller, Lisa L. Forthcoming. The Perils of Federalism, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Lisa L., and James Eisenstein. 2005. The federal/state criminal prosecution nexus: A case study in cooperation and discretion. Law and Social Inquiry 30 (2): 239–68.Google Scholar
Morenoff, Jeffrey D., and Robert J. Sampson. 2001. Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of urban violence. Criminology 39: 517–59.Google Scholar
Morone, James A. 2003. Hellfire Nation: The Politics of Sin in American History. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Pattillo-McCoy, Mary. 1999. Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril among the Black Middle Class. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Peffley, Mark, Jon Hurwitz, and Paul Sniderman. 1997. Racial stereotypes and whites' political views of blacks in the context of welfare and crime. American Journal of Political Science 41: 30–60.Google Scholar
Peterson, Paul E. 1981. City Limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Peterson, Paul E. 1995. The Price of Federalism. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Piven, Frances Fox, and Richard A. Cloward. 1977. Poor people's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Vantage Books.Google Scholar
Pralle, Sarah. 2006. Branching Out and Digging In: Environmental Advocacy and Agenda Setting. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Riker, William H. 1964. Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Roberts, Cheryl A., John Doble, Elyse Clawson, Carol Selton, and Andrew Briker. 2005. “Rethinking justice in Massachusetts: Public attitudes towards crime and punishment.” Boston, MA: Crime and Justice Institute.Google Scholar
Romer, Daniel, Kathleen H. Jamieson, and Sean Aday. 2003. Television news and the cultivation of fear. Journal of Communication 53: 88–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romer, Daniel, Kathleen H. Jamieson, and N.J. de Coteau. 1998. The treatment of persons of color in local television news—Ethnic blame discourse or realistic group conflict? Communication Research 25: 286–305.Google Scholar
Rourke, Francis E. 1978. Bureaucratic Power in National Politics: Readings. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar
Rung, Margaret. 2002. Servants of the State: Managing Diversity & Democracy in the Federal Workforce. Atlanta, GA: University of Georgia Press.Google Scholar
Sampson, Robert J., and Jeffrey D. Morenoff. 2002. Assessing “neighborhood effects”: Social processes and new directions in research. Annual Review of Sociology 28: 443–78.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, E.E. 1960. The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt, Brace.Google Scholar
Scheingold, Stuart. 1984. The Politics of Law and Order. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Scheingold, Stuart. 1991. The Politics of Street Crime. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Anne, and Helen Ingram. 1993. The social construction of target populations: implications for politics and policy. American Political Science Review 87(2): 334–47.Google Scholar
Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1984. Political equality and the American pressure system. Journal of Politics 46: 1006–32.Google Scholar
Schlozman, Kay Lehman, and John T. Tierney. 1986. Organized Interests and American Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Sharp, Elaine B. 1994. Paradoxes of national antidrug policymaking. In The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda, ed. David A. Rochefort and Roger W. Cobb. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Sidney, Mara S. 2004. Unfair Housing: How National Policy Shapes Community Action. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. 1999. Advocates without members: the recent transformation of American civic life. In Civic Engagement in American Democracy, ed. Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute Press.Google Scholar
Skogan, Wesley G., and Susan M. Hartnett. 1997. Community Policing, Chicago Style. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Tom W. 2000. National Gun Policy Survey. National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Stuntz, William J. 2001. “The pathological politics of criminal law.” Michigan Law Review 100 (3): 505.Google Scholar
Szymanski, Ann-Marie E. 2003. Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates and Social Movement Outcomes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Walker, Jack L. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Samuel, Cassia Spohn, and Miriam DeLone. 2000. The Color of: Race, Ethnicity and Crime in America. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Watts, Ronald L. 1999. Comparing Federal Systems. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.Google Scholar
Wells, Ida B. 1892. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. New York: New York Age.Google Scholar
Whittington, Keith E. 2005. Judicial review and interpretation: Have the courts become sovereign when interpreting the Constitution? In The Judicial Branch, ed. Kermit L. Hall and Kevin T. McGuire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron B. 1997. Federalism and Political Culture, ed. David Schleicher and Brendon Swedlow. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Wilson, James Q. 1989. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They DoIit. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar