Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:26:49.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Resistance to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice conferred by egg antigens of homologous and heterologous Onchocerca species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

C. K. S. Carlow  and
A. E. Bianco
C. K. S. Carlow*
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Helminthology, Winches Farm Field Station, 395 Hatfield Road, St Albans AL4 0XQ
A. E. Bianco
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Helminthology, Winches Farm Field Station, 395 Hatfield Road, St Albans AL4 0XQ
*
*Reprint requests to: Dr C. K. S. Carlow, Molecular Parasitology Group, New England Biolabs, 32 Tozer Road, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Embryonic stages of various Onchocerca species have been used to stimulate resistance in CBA mice to challenge injections with the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis. Comparable levels of resistance to challenge (29–37% reductions) were conferred by living, freeze-killed, or sonicated organisms administered with Freunds‘ Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Antigens extracted in saline, or with the detergent sodium deoxycholate, were also protective. Adjuvants enhanced the protective effect, particularly FCA (78% reduction), Freunds‘ Incomplete Adjuvant (74% reduction), aluminium hydroxide (70% reduction) and Bordetella pertussis (70% reduction). Detergent extracts prepared from intact embryos with n-octyl glucoside also stimulated significant levels of protection against microfilarial challenge when given with FCA (37–45% reductions). Levels of resistance induced by immunizations with intact organisms were greatest following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection over the neck or by intramuscular inoculation. Soluble extracts were also particially effective given by s.c. inguinal or intraperitoneal injection. A time-interval of greater than 3 weeks between the completion of immunization and challenge was required for the expression of immunity. Cross-protection against challenge with O. lienalis microfilariae was also afforded to mice by immunization with intact embryos or detergent extracts of Onchocerca gutturosa (45 and 34% reductions), Onchocerca gibsoni (66 and 47% reductions) or Onchocerca volvulus (58 and 41% reductions). It is concluded that the embryonic stages of both human and animal parasites provide a source of cross-protective antigens of value in studies on resistance to Onchocerca microfilariae in experimental hosts.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 94 , Issue 3 , June 1987 , pp. 485 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bianco, A. E., Ham, P. J., ElSinnary, K. & Nelson, G. S. (1980). Large-scale recovery of Onchocerca microfilariae from naturally infected cattle and horses. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74, 109–10.Google Scholar
Bianco, A. E., Nwachukwu, M. A., Townson, S., Doenhoff, M. J. & Muller, R. L. (1986). Evaluation of drugs against Onchocerca microfilariae in an inbred mouse model. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 37, 39–45.Google Scholar
Carlow, C. K. S., Muller, R. & Bianco, A. E. (1986). Further studies on the resistance to Onchocerca microfilariae in CBA mice. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 73, 276–81.Google Scholar
Diesfeld, H. J. & Kirsten, C. (1975). Lokalisation von Antigenität adulter Dipetalonema viteae–Wurmer in der indirekten Immunofluoreszenz mit Filariose – Patienen serum. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 26, 499–502.Google Scholar
Diesfeld, H. J. & Kirsten, C. (1978). Antigene Aktivität von Eiern, Eihullen, Stoffwechselprodukten und feschlupten Larven aus dem Uterus von Dipetalonema viteae. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 29, 27–32.Google Scholar
Diesfeld, H. J., Kirsten, C. & Stappert, U. (1981). Comparative immunofluorescent – histological investigations on seven nematode species in respect to its antigenic properties for different diagnosis of nematode infections. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 32, 253–8.Google Scholar
Ellis, D. A., Rogers, R., Bianco, A. E. & Denham, D. A. (1978). Intrauterine development of the microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae. Journal of Helminthology 52, 7–10.Google Scholar
Forsyth, K. P., Copeman, D. B., Abbot, A. P., Anders, R. F. & Mitchell, G. F. (1981). The major radioiodinated cuticular antigens of Onchocerca gibsoni are neither species nor Onchocerca specific. Acta Tropica 38, 343–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Ham, P. J., Townson, S., James, E. R., & Bianco, A. E. (1981). An improved technique for the cryopreservation of Onchocerca microfilariae. Parasitology 83, 139–46.Google Scholar
Kazura, J. W. & Davis, R. S. (1982). Soluble Brugia malayi microfilarial antigens protect mice against challenge by an antibody-dependent mechanism. Journal of Immunology 128, 1792–8.Google Scholar
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maizels, R. M., Philipp, M. & Ogilvie, B. M. (1982). Molecules on the surface of parasitic nematodes as probes on the immune response to infection. Immunological Reviews 61, 109–36.Google Scholar
Oothuman, P., Denham, D. A., McGreevy, P. B., Nelson, G. S. & Rogers, R. (1979). Successful vaccination of cats against Brugia pahangi with larvae attenuated by irradiation with 10 K rads of Cobalt 60. Parasite Immunology 1, 209–16.Google Scholar
Rogers, R., Ellis, E. S. & Denham, D. A. (1976). Studies with Brugia pahangi. 14. Intrauterine development of the microfilariae and comparison with other filarial species. Journal of Helminthology 50, 251–7.Google Scholar
Schultz-Key, H., Albiez, E. J. & Buttner, D. W. (1977). Isolation of living adult Onchocerca volvulus from nodules. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 28, 428–30.Google Scholar
Storey, D. M. & Al-Mukhtar, A. S. (1982). Vaccination of jirds, Meriones unguiculatus, against Litomosoides carinii and Brugia pahangi using irradiated larvae of L. carinii. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 33, 23–4.Google Scholar
Townson, S. & Bianco, A. E. (1982 a). Experimental infection of mice with the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis. Parasitology 85, 283–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Townson, S. & Bianco, A. E. (1982 b). Immunisation of calves against the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis. Journal of Helminthology 56, 297–303.Google Scholar
Townson, S., Bianco, A. E., Doenhoff, M. J. & Muller, R. (1984). Immunity to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice, I. Resistance induced by the homologous parasite. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 35, 202–8.Google Scholar
Townson, S., Nelson, G. S. & Bianco, A. E. (1985). Immunity to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice. II. Effects of sensitization with a range of heterologous species. Journal of Helminthology 59, 337–46.Google Scholar
Weir, D. M. (1979). Handbook of Experimental Immunology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar