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On the bionomics of Crepidostomum metoecus (Braun, 1900) and Crepidostomum farionis (Müller, 1784) (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. B. E. Awachie
J. B. E. Awachie
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Liverpool*
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Extract

The life-cycles of the two species of Crepidostomum occurring in a stream in North Wales are investigated. Both species share the same arthropod and definitive hosts, viz. Gammarus pulex and Salmo trutta, respectively, but have different molluscan hosts, viz.: Lymnaea peregra for C. metoecus and Pisidium casertanum for C. farionis.

C. metoecus and C. farionis have annual cycles, hence periodicity of occurrence in their hosts. In C. metoecus the dynamics of occurrence in the three hosts are correlated. The inverse relationship in G. pulex and S. trutta as well as the existence of a time-lag of 3–4 months between the establishment of this worm in G. pulex and in S. trutta are discussed.

Neither premunition nor age-resistance occurs in the parasitization of S. trutta and G. pulex by C. metoecus. The increase in the rate and degree of infestation with the age and length of fish, except in the oldest and longest group, is shown to be due to trophic factors.

C. metoecus is more abundant and widely distributed in the stream than C. farionis. This fact is associated with the occurrence of their molluscan hosts.

Experimental observations were made on the stages in the life-history of C. metoecus, including the mode of emergence of the cercaria, invasion of shrimps and encystment, as well as development of the metacercariae in G. pulex.

More cercariae are shed by day and at higher temperatures, and they live for about 5 days at 8 °C. The metacercaria undergoes considerable development before becoming infective. C. metoecus does extensive damage to L. peregra, has no observed ill-effect on trout, and apparently affects the life-span of shrimps adversely only in cases of very heavy infestations.

The non-parasitization of Cottus gobio by the two flukes is probably due to the prevailing ecological factors.

My thanks are due to Professor H. B. N. Hynes and Dr J. C. Chubb for many helpful criticisms at all stages of this study; to Miss Joan Venn for helping with the sampling programme; and the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the United Kingdom for financial support.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , May 1968 , pp. 307 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

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