Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T06:09:32.313Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of invertebrate hormones and potential hormone inhibitors on the third larval moult of the filarial nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, in vitro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

E. V. Warbrick ,
G. C. Barker ,
H. H. Rees  and
R. E. Howells
E. V. Warbrick
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA
G. C. Barker
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA
H. H. Rees
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX
R. E. Howells
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effects of the insect hormones, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone, certain non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonists (RH compounds) and the inhibitor, azadirachtin, on the timing of the 3rd-stage moult of Dirofilaria immitis were investigated. 20-Hydroxyecdysone and RH 5849 when used at a concentration of 10−5 M, resulted in a premature timing of this moult. Azadiracthin, at a similar concentration, prevented moulting of most of the larvae to the 4th stage. The results are discussed in relation to the possibility of a hormonal role for ecdysteroids and neuropeptide-like compounds in the control of ecdysis in filarial nematodes, that maybe somewhat comparable to the system which is found in insects.

Keywords

Dirofilaria immitishormonesneuropeptidesmoultingecdysteroids
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 107 , Issue 4 , November 1993 , pp. 459 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ash, L. R. (1974). Rodent models for the study of lymphatic dwelling filarial worms. WHO (unpublished document) WHO/FIL/74.121Google Scholar
Barker, G. C., Chitwood, D. J. & Rees, H. H. (1990). Ecdysteroids in helminths and annelids. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 18, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, G. C., Mercer, J. G., Svoboda, J., Thompson, M. J., Rees, H. H. & Howells, R. E. (1989). Effects of potential inhibitors on Brugia pahangi in vitro: macrofilaricidal action and inhibition of microfilarial production. Parasitology 99, 409–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delves, C. J. (1986). Developmental processes in filarial worms. Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool.Google Scholar
Dennis, R. D. (1976). Insect morphogenetic hormones and developmental mechanisms in the nematode Nematospiroides dubius. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 53A, 53–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franke, E. D. & Weinstein, P. P. (1983). Dipetalonema viteae: culture of third stage larvae to young adults in vitro. Science 221, 161–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia, E. S., Uhl, M. & Rembold, H. (1986). Azadirachtin, a chemical probe for the study of moulting processes in Rhodnius prolixus. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 41C, 771–5.Google Scholar
Hayes, R. O. (1953). Determination of a physiological saline solution for Aedes aegyptii. Journal of Economic Entomology 46, 624–6.Google Scholar
Karlson, P. (1983). Eighth Adolf Butenandt lecture: Why are so many hormones steroids; Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie 364, 1067–87.Google ScholarPubMed
Koolman, J., Walter, J. & Zahner, H. (1984). Ecdysteroids in helminths. In Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Mode of Action of Invertebrate Hormones, (ed. Hoffman, J. & Porchet, M.), pp. 323–330. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lok, J. B., Mika-Grieve, M., Grieve, R. B. & Chin, T. K. (1984). In vitro development of third and fourth stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis: comparison of basal culture media, serum levels and possible serum substitutes. Acta Tropica 41, 145–54.Google ScholarPubMed
Mercer, J. G. (1985). Developmental hormones in parasitic helminths. Parasitology Today 1, 96–100.Google Scholar
Mercer, J. G., Munn, A. E. & Rees, H. H. (1988). Caenorhabditis elegans: occurrence and metabolism of ecdysteroids in adults and dauer larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 90B, 261–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Mercer, J. G., Barker, G. C., McCall, J. W., Howells, R. E. & Rees, H. H. (1989). Studies on the biosynthesis and fate of ecdysteroids in filarial nematodes. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 40, 429–33.Google Scholar
Mizoguchi, A., Ishizaki, H., Nagasawa, H., Kataoka, H., Isogai, A., Tamura, S., Suzuki, A., Fujino, M. & Kitada, C. (1987). A monoclonal antibody against a synthetic fragment of bomyxin (4K-PTTH) from the silkworm, Bomyx mori: characterisation and immunocytochemistry. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 51, 227–35.Google Scholar
Rembold, H. (1989). Azadirachtins: their structure and mode of action. In Insecticides of Plant Origin, (ed. Arnason, J. T., Philogene, B. J. R. & Morand, P.) pp. 150–163. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 387: Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Schmid, K., Franke, S. & Koolman, J. (1987). Detection of immunoreactive ecdysteroids in the serum of animals infected with helminths and the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone and azadirachtin in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie 265, 508–9.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1987). Insect growth regulators B. In CRC Handbook of Natural Pesticides, vol 3 (ed. Morgan, E. D. & Mandava, N. B.) pp. 119–170. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Steel, C. G. H. & Davey, K. G. (1992). Integration in the insect endocrine system. In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (ed. Kerkut, G. A. & Gilbert, L. I.) pp. 1–35. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Warbrick, E. V., Rees, H. H. & Howells, R. E. (1992). Immunocytochemical demonstration of an FMRFamide-like peptide in the filarial nematodes, Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi. Parasitology Research 78, 252–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, J. O. (1976). A new design of membrane feeder incorporating an electrically powered stirring device. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 70, 113–20.Google Scholar
Wing, K. D., Slawecki, R. A. & Carlson, G. R. (1988). RH5849 a non-steroidal ecdysone agonist: effects on larval lepidoptera. Science 241, 470–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar