Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:34:04.713Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The changing face of the Roman legions (49 BC–AD 69)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Get access

Il mutevole aspetto delle legioni romane (49 a.c. - 69 d.c.)

I 125 anni tra le guerre civili della tarda Repubblica e la fine del periodo Giulio-Claudio testimoniarono un cambiamento drammatico nel personale delle legioni romane: i posti occupati dagli Italiani vennero gradualmente occupati da uomini provenienti dalle province dell'Impero, che quindi provenivano dalle più diverse culture. La prospettiva di lunghi anni di servizio su distanti frontiere aveva alienato le tradizionali fonti di forza lavoro. Questo articolo suggerisce che il cambiamento era in atto prima di quanto fosse generalmente supposto. Pochi Italiani ritornavano a casa dopo il servizio. In genere i legionari non avevano alcun legame emotivo con la città di Roma, al punto che ben pochi avevano mai la possibilità di visitarla.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © British School at Rome 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

This paper substantially represents, in written form, the content of a lecture at the British School in May 1996, during the tenure of a Hugh Last Fellowship. I should like to thank Prof. D.B. Saddington for his helpful comments on an earlier draft.

References

Alföldy, G. (1964) Veteranendeduktionen in der Provinz Dalmatien. Historia 13: 167–79.Google Scholar
Alston, R. (1995) Soldier and Society in Roman Egypt. London/New York, Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betz, A. (1938) Untersuchungen zur Militärgeschichte der römischen Provinz Dalmatien. Vienna, Universität Wien.Google Scholar
Birley, E.B. (1986) The Flavian colonia at Scupi. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 64: 209–16.Google Scholar
Bogaers, J.E. and Rüger, C.B. (1974) Die Niedergermanische Limes. Cologne, Rheinland-Verlag.Google Scholar
Breeze, D.J. and Dobson, B. (1969) The Rome cohorts and the legionary centurionate. Epigraphische Studien 8: 100–24.Google Scholar
Brunt, P.A. (1962) The army and the land in the Roman revolution. Journal of Roman Studies 52: 6980CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(reprinted in The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (1988: 240–80) (with revised text)). Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Brunt, P.A. (1971) Italian Manpower, 225 B.C. - A.D. 14. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Brunt, P.A. (1974) Conscription and volunteering in the Roman army. Scripta Classica Israelica 1: 90115Google Scholar
(reprinted in Roman Imperial Themes, 1990: 188214. Oxford, Clarendon Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buoncore, M. (1988) Regio IV, Sabina et Samnium: Sulmo. In Supplementa Italica n.s. 4, 11116. Rome, Edizioni Quasar.Google Scholar
Campbell, J.B. (1984) The Emperor and the Roman Army. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Chilver, G.E.F. (1957) The army in politics, A.D. 68–70. Journal of Roman Studies 47: 2935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbier, M. (1977) L'aerarium militare. In Armées et fiscalité dans le monde antique: 197234. Paris, Editions du CNRS.Google Scholar
Ewins, U. (1955) The enfranchisement of Cisalpine Gaul. Papers of the British School at Rome 23: 7398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fink, R. (1971) Roman Military Records on Papyrus. Cleveland, Case Western Reserve Press.Google Scholar
Forni, G. (1953) Il reclutamento delle legioni da Augusto a Diocleziano. Milan/Rome, Fratelli Bocca.Google Scholar
Forni, G. (1974) Estrazione etnica e sociale dei soldati delle legioni nei primi tre secoli dell'Impero. In Temporini, H. (ed.), Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, II.1: 339–91. Berlin/New York, Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Forni, G. (1992) Supplemento II. In Esercito e marina di Roma antica: raccolta di contributi ( = Mavors VI): 64141. Stuttgart, Steiner.Google Scholar
Forni, G. and Manini, D. (1969) La base eretta a Nicopoli in onore di Antonino Pio dai veterani della legione II Traiana. In Studi di storia antica in memoria di Luca de Regibus: 177210. Genoa, Università di Genova.Google Scholar
Gilliam, J. (1956) The veterans and the praefectus castrorum of the II Traiana in A.D. 157. American Journal of Philology 77: 359–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilliver, C. (1996) Mons Graupius and the role of auxiliaries in battle. Greece and Rome 43: 5467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guarducci, M. (1981) Graffiti parietali nel santuario di Ercole Curino presso Sulmona. In Gasperini, L. (ed.), Scritti sul mondo antico in memoria di Fulvio Grosso: 225–40. Rome, Bretschneider.Google Scholar
Harmand, J. (1967) L'armée et le soldat à Rome de 107 à 50 avant notre ère. Paris, Picard.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D.L. (1978) Some observations on the Praetorian Guard. Ancient Society 9: 275301.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D.L. (1985) The composition of a military work party in Roman Egypt (ILS 2483: Coptos). Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 71: 156–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keppie, L. (1973) Vexillum Veteranorum. Papers of the British School at Rome 41: 817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keppie, L. (1983) Colonisation and Veteran Settlement in Italy, 47-14 B.C. London, British School at Rome.Google Scholar
Keppie, L. (1984a) The Making of the Roman Army. London, Batsford.Google Scholar
Keppie, L. (1984b) Colonisation and veteran settlement in Italy during the first century A.D. Papers of the British School at Rome 52: 71114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolendo, J. (1977) Le recrutement des légions au temps de Néron et la création de la legio Italica. In Fitz, J. (ed.), Limes: Akten des XI Internationalen Limeskongresses: 399408. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó.Google Scholar
LeBohec, Y. (1989) La troisième légion Auguste. Paris, Collection d'études d'antiquités africaines, Editions du CNRS.Google Scholar
Le Bohec, Y. (1990) L'armée romaine sous le Haut-Empire. Paris, Picard.Google Scholar
Lettich, C. (1976) Barbarica legio a proposito dell'epigrafe aquileiese di C. Manlio Valeriano. Aquileia Nostra 47: 129–44.Google Scholar
Mann, J.C. (1963) The raising of new legions under the Principate. Hermes 90: 483–8.Google Scholar
Mann, J.C. (1983) Legionary Recruitment and Veteran Settlement during the Principate (Occasional Paper 7). London, Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. (1976) Legio VII and the garrison of Augustan Galatia. Classical Quarterly 70: 298308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mócsy, A. (1974) Pannonia and Upper Moesia. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Parker, H.M.D. (1928) The Roman Legions. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Patsch, C. (1907) Zur Geschichte und Topographie von Narona. Vienna, Schriften der Balkankommission.Google Scholar
Ritterling, E. (1925) Legio. In Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, 12: cols 1211–829. Stuttgart, J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.Google Scholar
Rüger, C. (1979) Ein Siegesdenkmal der Legio VI Victrix. Bonner Jahrbücher 179: 187200.Google Scholar
Saddington, D.B. (1982) The Development of the Roman Auxiliary Forces from Caesar to Vespasian (49 B.C.-A.D. 79). Harare, University of Zimbabwe.Google Scholar
Saddington, D.B. (1991) Tacitus and the Roman army. In Haase, W. (ed.) Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, II.33.5: 3484–555. Berlin/New York, Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Šašel, J. and Weiler, I. (1964) Zur augusteisch-tiberischen Inschrift von Emona. Carnuntum Jahrbuch 8 (1963/1964): 40–2.Google Scholar
Šašel Kos, M. (1995) The 15th legion at Emona — some thoughts. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 109: 227–44.Google Scholar
Speidel, M.P. (1965) Die Equites Singulares Augusti. Bonn, Habelt.Google Scholar
Speidel, M.P. (1993) Riding for Caesar. London, Batsford.Google Scholar
Speidel, M.P. (1994) Die Denkmäler der Kaiserreiter. Cologne, Rheinland-Verlag.Google Scholar
Tortorici, E. (1975) Castra Albana ( = Forma Italiae i.11). Rome, De Luca.Google Scholar
Webster, G. (1969) The Roman Imperial Army. London, Black.Google Scholar
Wellesley, K. (1969) Tacitus as a military historian. In Dorey, T.A. (ed.), Tacitus: 6397. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Wellesley, K. (1975) The Long Year, A.D. 69. London, Elek.Google Scholar
Wheeler, E.L. (1995) The laxity of Syrian legions. In Kennedy, D.L. (ed.), The Roman Army in the East (Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 18): 229–76. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Wilkes, J.J. (1963) A note on the mutiny of the Pannonian legions in A.D. 14. Classical Quarterly 56: 268–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkes, J.J. (1969) Dalmatia. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar