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Langue d'Oïl to Volgare Siciliano: Three Followers of Charles of Anjou

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

S. F. Bridges
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Extract

Among the problems connected with the conquest of the kingdom of Sicily by Charles of Anjou in 1266, not the least interesting are those which concern the members of the nobility of northern France who formed a large part of his invading force. Setting out with the Pope's blessing as a crusading army against one of the last of the ‘nest of vipers’, they perhaps expected to go on to Jerusalem after conquering the kingdom in southern Italy. Most of them, however, remained to govern and defend it for its first two rulers. The main facts about what happened to them thereafter have been well known for some time: of the many knights who were given lands forfeited by those members of the native baronage who supported Conradin in 1268, only a few families (and most of these Provencal) survived after the early years of the fourteenth century to become absorbed into the greater Neapolitan nobility. The present article does not aim to give a complete explanation of the disappearance of the majority and the survival of only a minority of these families, but to examine three cases, where the documentation is unusually full.

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Research Article
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Papers of the British School at Rome , Volume 23 , November 1955 , pp. 169 - 197
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Copyright © British School at Rome 1955

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References

1 I should like to take this opportunity of thanking those who have given advice and help since I first became interested in the followers of Charles of Anjou, above all Miss E. M. Jamison. For assistance in the preparation of the present article thanks are also due to the Director of the British School at Rome, Professor Denys Hay, and Miss D. Clementi. The documents here published, and to which this article is an introduction, came to light in the course of a search for material for a study of the conditions of feudal tenure under the early Angevins; as the lands held by the de Sus family and the manner in which they, particularly Ilaria, held and treated them are of special interest in this connection, they are here described in some detail. In a later article I hope to deal, among other things, with the differences involved in the distinction between old and new fiefs.

2 The greatest, and the longest lived were the de Baux (del Balzo) and Sabran (Sabrano); the history of these families together with others which did not survive so long (de Aulnay, Beaumont, Cantelme, de Joinville, de Leonesse, de Poncels, de l'Estendart, de Toucy, de Vaudémont) is described by various Neapolitan genealogists, especially: Ferrante della Marra, Guardia, Duca della, Discorsi delle Famiglie estinte, forastiere, o non comprese ne' Seggi di Napoli, imparentate colla Casa della Marra, Naples, 1641Google Scholar; de Lellis, Carlo, Discorsi delle famiglie nobili, four parts, Naples, 1654-71Google Scholar; Ammirato, Sdpione, Delie famiglie nobili napoletane, two parts, Florence, 1580, 1651Google Scholar.

3 I am much indebted to those in charge of the collections where these documents lie; to Commendatore Alfredo Zazo of the Archivio Storico Provinciale in Benevento, to DomAngelo, archivist of the Badia of Cava dei Tirreni and Dom Carlo Rabasca of Santa Maria di Montevergine, and to Monsignore Angelo Ferrara, Vicar General of the diocese of Benevento. I am also most grateful to Dr. M. M. Rossi, of the University of Edinburgh, and Awocato Antonio del Prete of Benevento, who enabled me to gain access to the Biblioteca Capitolare in Benevento.

4 The documents found in Italy give no indication of the provenance of Egidius de Soves, de Suex, or de Sues.

5 This is to be presumed from the combined evidence of his name (Montreuil lies just outside Paris), his son's connection with the Abbey of St.-Maur-des-Fossés on the Marne eleven kilometres south of Paris, and the name of his great-nephew, Peter de Soisy (there is a Soisy on the Seine just north of Corbeil).

6 Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France, vol. XXI, ed. Guignaut, MM. and Wailly, de, Paris, 1855, p. 221Google Scholar.

7 Presumably, unless he had returned to France; his son Giles is described as his eldest son and heir in this year. I Registri della Cancelleria Angioina, riconstruita de Riccardo Filangieri con la collaborazione degli Archivisti Napoletani (Testi e Documenti di Storia Napoletana pubblicati dall'Accademia Pontaniana), Naples. I, 1950; II, III, 1951; IV, 1952; V, 1953; (hereafter Filangieri, , I Registri). II, 240Google Scholar. We do not hear of Philip after 1271.

8 I have not come across anyone of this name in any other Neapolitan source. Giustiniani, L., Dizionario Geografico-Ragionato del Regno di Napoli, Naples, 1797-1816, I, ii, 302Google Scholar, states that Petrus de Saxiaco litigated about Boiano, citing Reg. Ang. 1311 O, fol. 192, and that Giles of Montreuil was holding it at one time, ibid., citing Reg. Ang. 1324 B, fol. 63V. See note 114 below.

9 Filangieri, , I Registri, IV, 182Google Scholar.

10 Ibid., II, 153; IV, 182.

11 28 March, 1269; ibid., II, 182.

12 Durrieu, P., Les Archives angevines de Naples, (Bibliothèque des Scales françaises d'Athènes et de Rome, Fasc. 46, 51) Paris, 1886-1887, IIGoogle Scholar.

13 Atti Perduti della Cancelleria Angioina1, transuntati da Carlo de Lellis, Parte I, II Regno di Carlo I, Introduzione di Riccardo Filangieri, a cura di Bianca Mazzoleni (Regesta Chartarum Italiae), Rome, 1939, 1943. (Hereafter Atti Perduti) I, x, 1322.

14 Not one of the ‘Setti Grandi Ufficiali’ of the kingdom described by Tutini; he lists the Maestro Panetterio among many lesser officials of the court (Tutini, C., Discorsi de Sette Officii, overo de sette Grandi del Regno di Napoli. Rome, Part I, 1666Google Scholar, Introduction). Carrelli, G. states that he superintended everything to do with the regular provisioning of the royal household (Rivista del Collegio Araldico, XII, Rome, 1914, pp. 646–52Google Scholar). The first two holders of the office were comparatively humble; Rinaldo Gagliardo (Renaut Gaulart) preceded Giles, dying in 1303 (Durrieu, op. cit. I). I have not been able to consult Riccio, C. Minieri, Cenni storici intorno i grandi uffipi del Regno di Sicilia durante it regno di Carlo I d'Angio, Naples, 1872Google Scholar.

15 Archivio di Santa Maria di Montevergine, MS. 20, containing an obituary written in the sixteenth century.

16 Filangieri, , I Registri, V, 138Google Scholar. In 1276 Egidius de Souz was made Castellan of Capua, Durrieu, Les Archives, IIGoogle Scholar.

17 The description of her status is not technically that required by Lombard law, as the word mundualdum does not occur, but her position is quite incompatible with Frankish law, and can be explained only if the scribe made an error when he wrote the description on the back of the document.

18 Samnium, Pubblicazione Trimestrale di Studi Storici, Benevento, IX, 1936, p. 53Google Scholar. See also Document X.

19 See note 149.

20 The lands he and his descendants held (see next note ) belonged to the de Craon family. La Suze was brought to them by Hersende de la Suze, who married Robert II, third son of Robert de Craon, died 1098. His descendants formed a cadet branch of the family, and the heiress Jeanne des Roches, daughter of Margaret, who married Guillaume des Roches in 1201, brought the lands back to the senior branch of the de Craon family by marrying, before 1214, Amaury I de Craon (Anselme, P. and du Fourni, M., Histoire gênéalogique de la Maison royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy, et des anciens Barons du Royaume, third edition, Paris, 1726-1733, vol. VIII, (1732), pp. 567, 568Google Scholar). Neither Anselme nor de Broussillon, A. Bertrand (La Maison de Craon (1050-1480), Paris, 1893Google Scholar) recognise a cadet branch called de la Suze before that founded by Peter de Craon-la-Suze, who died in 1376. There was an Amaury in practically every generation of the de Craon family, frequently the eldest son. Bertrand de Broussillon does not mention our Amaury. If della Marra (op. cit., p. 407) is correct in the coat of arms he attributes to the Sus family in Italy, tre penne rosse legate con laccto azurro in campo d'argento, it is not the same as the de Craon coat: losange d'or et du gueules (Anselme and Bertrand de Broussillon). I have not been able to ascertain the source for della Marra's statement. Denais, J., Armorial Général de l'Anjou, Angers, 1885Google Scholar, does not include this coat.

21 Della Marra, op. cit., p. 407, citing Reg. Ang. 1313 A, fol. 69V. states that he held ‘lo stato di Sus in Francia et la Baronia di Marioles nel contato d'Angio’; Prignani, MS. 276-7 in the Biblioteca Angelica, Rome, part I, p. 127V., citing Reg. Ang. 1275 A, fol. 62, and Reg. Ang. 1313 A, fol. 69, describes him as lord of these same lands. I have not come across any reference to Marioles. The lands of Philip de Sus which were sold on 20 June 1324 to Girard Chabet Lord of Brion and Auriliac (perhaps to be identified with Girard Chabot III, son of Girard Chabot II and Jeanne de Suze, daughter of Maurice IV de Craon (died 1250), de Broussillon, Bertrand, op. cit., II. 181Google Scholar), were ‘terra nominata de Souz sita in Comitatu Andegaviae et Castellania de Briono’. The money realised by the sale, 900 tornesi or 230 ounces in Sicilian currency, was applied to redeem the castrum of San Giugliano in the Capitanata from Ilaria de Sus. Reg. Ang. 1324 C, fol. 19;, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta ex Registris’, III, i. 1140Google Scholar. Since the destruction of all the Angevin Archives in 1943, we are forced to rely upon transcripts. The remaining volumes of Carlo de Lellis, ‘Notamenta’ in the State Archives in Naples are the most important of these. I cite both the page in de Lellis and the folio of the original volume from which he made his extract or summary.

22 Durrieu, op. cit., and Filangieri, , I Registri, V. 271Google Scholar.

23 Atti Perduti, I, ix. 139.

24 Reg. Ang. 1299 B, fol. 65 and 125V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1507, 1601Google Scholar.

25 Reg. Ang. 1304-5 C, fol. 207V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1824Google Scholar, he is described as Marshall. He is not, however, included among the Marshalls of Charles I and Charles II by Cadier, L., Essai sur l'Administration du Royaume de Sicile sous Charles I et Charles II d'Anjou, (Bibliothèque des Écoles françatses d'Athenes et de Rome, Fasc. 59) Paris, 1891Google Scholar. Della Marra, loc. cit., suggests that he was the Amaury of Narbonne whom Charles II, according to Villani (Hist. Fior., lib. VII, cap. 129) left in Florence as Captain General in 1289. But he seems to have doubted it himself, for he goes on ‘quel che di certo habbiamo per l'Archivio di Napoli …’

26 So della Marra and Prignani, citing Reg. Ang. 1275 A, fol. 62.

27 Reg. Ang. 1294 M, fol. 84, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1843Google Scholar. See below, note 95.

28 Catalogus Baronum, in Borelli, C., Vindex Neapolitanae Nobilitatis, Naples, 1653, p. 151Google Scholar.

29 In the latter year he is stated to be dead; Reg. Ang. 1309 A, fol. 162, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1756Google Scholar.

30 Delia Marra is our only authority for the first two marriages; for the third see Reg. Ang. 1309 A, fol. 160v., and numerous other references. Ilaria also had a connection with the di Ceccano family, see Caetani, G., Documenti dell'Archivio Caetani, Regesta Chartarum, II, Rome, 1926, 31–2Google Scholar.

31 Philip is named among the barons of the Principato, Peter among those of the Terra di Lavoro and County of Molise, in Reg. Ang. 1324 C, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1103 and 1096Google Scholar.

32 Reg. Ang. 1325-6 O, fol. 89V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 57Google Scholar.

33 Della Marra, op. cit., p. 409, citing Reg. Ang. 1337 A, fol. 254.

34 See note 21 above.

35 Della Marra, op. cit., p. 408, citing Reg. Ang. 1311 O, fol. 199V.

36 On 20 February he was among the witnesses to the privilege creating Roffred Caetani Count of Caserta; see Caetani, G., Documenti dell'Archivio Caetani, Regesta Chartarum, I, Rome, 1922, 88Google Scholar.

37 Reg. Ang. 1302 G, fol. 277, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 902Google Scholar.

38 ‘Francescae de Cicano relictae quondam Americi de Sus militis iunioris provisio pro terciaria super Castro Loratelli et medietatis Casalis S. Georgii Majoris in Capitanata et feudalibus in Montefuscolo quae fuerunt dicti Americi’. Reg. Ang. 1309 A, fol. 160v., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1756Google Scholar.

39 ‘Ilariae de Sus uxori Gentili de S. Giorgio militis consiliarii filiae quondam Americi de Sus militis senioris, commissio causae, quam movere intendit contra curatorem ventris Franciscae de Ceccano pregnantis relictae quondam Americi de Sus militis junioris filii et heredis eiusdem Americi senioris de bonis quae fuerunt quondam Floresiae Matris dictae Ilariae, et causae quam Petruccius de Sus natus dict i Americi senioris, quam similiter movere intendit contra dictum curatorem de bonis mobilibus quae fuerunt quondam Thomasiae de Sancto Giorgio relictae dicti Americi senioris matris eiusdem Petruccii, et committitur Nicolao de Johal.C.P.’ Reg. Ang. 1309 A, fol. 163, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1737Google Scholar.

40 ‘Ilariae de Sus uxori Gentilis de Sancto Giorgio militis Marescallae nostrae magistri consiliarii ac Joannae et Mariae sororibus dictae Ilariae filiis quondam Americi de Sus senioris militis, provisio contra bona quondam Americi de Sus iunioris fratris earum, ex successione paterna ad dandum eis dotem de paragio’. Reg. Ang. 1309 A, fol. 160v. ‘Et alia provisio contra Guillelmum Raffardum militem curatorem ventris Francescae de Ceccano relictae dicti quondam Americi iunioris’. ibid., fol. 160. De Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1736Google Scholar.

41 Durrieu, , op. cit., IIGoogle Scholar. Delia Marra op. cit., p. 407, states that he was the son of Ermengan de Sabran, Count of Ariano, as does de Lellis, , Discorsi delle famiglie nobili, I. 159Google Scholar.

42 Her father's first marriage took place in 1275; his second, to Ilaria's mother, before 1280; she cannot have been born much before 1280. Eustace was apparently dead by 1292: among the feudataries of the Principato is ‘heres Eustachii de Ardicourt’, Reg. Ang. 1292 E, fol. 185V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, IV, i. 54Google Scholar.

43 The following entry occurs in the list of feudataries of the Terra di Lavoro and County of Molise who held by grant from Charles I, Charles II, and the Count of Artois (probably compiled before 1306), in Reg. Ang. 1322 A, fol. IOV.: ‘Heres domini Eustatii de Ardicurt tenet Loratinura et Rocca Rodobonis ex concessione Caroli Primi facta quondam Eustatio de Ardicurt avo suo’. De Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, IV, i. 197Google Scholar.

44 Reg. Ang. 1306 I, fol. 69, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 940Google Scholar.

45 Delia Marra, op. cit., p. 363.

46 Gentile was still alive in 1309, see notes 39 and 40 above; Ilaria was the widow of Philip by 8 December 1316, see Document XI.

46 Caggese, R., Roberto d'Angiò e i suoi tempi, Florence 1921, 1930, 1. 237–8Google Scholar.

48 Caetani, G., Documenti dell' Archivio Caetani, Domus Caietana, I. i, Rome, 1927, p. 216Google Scholar.

49 See note 36 above.

50 Caetani, G., Documenti dell'Archivio Caetani, Regesta Chartarum, II, Rome, 1926, pp. 31–2Google Scholar.

51 Reg. Ang. 1326 B, fol. 225, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 156Google Scholar. Litta (see next note) states that she was married to Thomas by 2 March 1326.

52 Litta, P., Famiglie Celebri Italiane, New Series, II, 1908–1913, fascicolo 35, 1908, Tavola xxviiGoogle Scholar.

53 ‘Ilaria de Sus Comitissa obiit’, Reg. Ang. 1334-5 A, fol. 113V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1451Google Scholar.

54 ‘Fratribus Nicolao de Cervinaria Guardiano loci S. Francesci fratrum minorum de Neapoli et Leoni eius socio exequtoribus testamenti quondam Ilariae de Sus Comitissae Bellicastri pro pretio domus eiusdem Ilariae sitae in Platea Nidi emptae pro anniversario annuo pro animo ipsius quondam Ducissae' (Maria Duchess of Calabria who died in the autumn of 1331); Reg. Ang. 1338-9 D, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 626Google Scholar.

55 Reg. Ang. 1315 B, fol. 71, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, IV, i. 58Google Scholar. Martuccia was the daughter of Jacobus de Capua and Roberta di Gesualdo.

56 Reg. Ang. 1326 B, fol. 218V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 155Google Scholar.

57 Reg. Ang. 1328 D, fol. 44V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 214Google Scholar; Reg. Ang. 1334-5 E, fol. 40, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1501Google Scholar.

58 ‘Leonardo de S. Flaimundi militi Joannae de Sus relictae quondam Joannis de S. Flaimundi primogeniti eiusdem Leonardi et Thomasio eorumdem Joannae, et Joannis filio asserentibus quod dictus Leonardus habet Nicolaum, Filippum, et Petrum secundogenitos filios et possidet in Terra Laboris et Comitate Molisii Castra Guardiae San Fraimundi, Faieclae, Limatae, Cerreti, et Clusani, et velit dividere dicta feuda in duas partas unam assignandum dicto Thomasio et aliam predictis tribus filiis secundogenitis, quibus factis remaneat ad electionem eiusdem Tomasii et dictae Joannae eius matris pars quae sibi placuerit. Privilegium facultatis posse dividere dicta feuda ut supra. Die 18 Martii, II Indictione, 1328.’ Reg. Ang. 1327-8 C, fol. 28, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 807–8Google Scholar.

59 Fascicoli Ang., 6, fol. III (no date), in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta ex Fascicolis’, I, p. 8Google Scholar. I owe this reference from a volume of de Lellis which no longer exists to the kindness of Miss E. M. Jamison.

60 Atti Perduti, I, ix, 139 (Reg. Ang. 1284 A, fol. 42).

61 Reg. Ang. 1304-5 C, fol. 207V, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1824Google Scholar. I have been unable to identify this place.

62 ‘Roberto de Plesclo de Calerna, Goffrido, Guillelmo et Rogerio filiis quondam Riccardi de Pesclo militis Iure Longobardo viventibus assecuratio vassallorum Casalis Plesli de Calerno in Capitanata quod tenent ab Americo de Sus milite sub adoha tarenorum 15, et Casalis Petrae Mellariae exabitati in pertinentiis Castri Riccii sub Bartholomeo de Capua milite Logotheta et Protonotario domino dicti Castri sub adoha tarenorum 6, per obitum dicti eorum patris. Sub die 22 Martis XIV Ind. anno 1301’. Reg. Ang. 1300-1 B, fol. 228, in de Lellis, , ’Notamenta’, III, i. 1651Google Scholar. I have been unable to identify this casale.

63 ‘Magistro Marco domino Petrae Policinae provisio contra Americum de Sus militem consiliarium qui debet ei annuo uncias 12 locatione dictae terrae’, Reg. Ang. 1296 A, fol. 113V. in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1954Google Scholar.

64 Delia Marra, op. cit., and Prignani, loc. cit., are our authorities for this marriage, and state that she was the only child and heir of Guerriero lord of Montefuscolo; both cite Reg. Ang. 1275 A, fol. 62, and della Marra also cites Reg. Ang. 1308 E, fol. 6 and Reg. Ang. 1298-9 D, fol. 79.

65 Reg. Ang. 1299 B, fol. 165, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1620Google Scholar. She is called ‘Tomasa De Sancto Severino’; Prignani points out that the San Giorgio family were a branch of the Sanseverino, so called from their possession of the castle of San Giorgio. Prignani MS., I, 13V.

66 Reg. Ang. 1296 A, fol. 127V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1957Google Scholar.

67 See note 92 below.

68 Reg. Ang. 1316 E, fol. 96V.–97, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 358–9Google Scholar.

69 ‘A Petruccio de Sus pro relevio Baroniae Cariati et Casaboni in Calabria quas tenet ex successione quondam Domini Gentilis de Sancto Giorgio avi sui. Ab eodem Petruccio pro relevio Castri Regini in Principatu, quod fuit quondam Domini Americi de Sus patrui sui, quod recuperavit de manibus Joannis de Sanctofraimundo, quod detinebat in pignus sibi data a Domino Guillelmo Raffardo balio Filippucii de Sus patrui dicti Petrucii’, Reg. Ang. 1316 E, fol. 51V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 344Google Scholar.

70 Mansella held it in January 1328; Reg. Ang. 1328 D, fol. not given, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 106Google Scholar.

71 ‘Domina Catalina relicta quondam Eustatii Ardicurt tenet Ferraczanum pro dodario suo, quod castrum fuit concessum a quondam Carolo Primo domino Eustatio Ardicurt patri dicti viri sui annuo valore unciarum 4’, Reg. Ang. 1322 A, fol. II, in de Lellis, IV, i, 197.

72 See note 92 below.

73 ‘Reginae Sanciae concessio castrorum Ottaiani, Farrazzani, Loratini, Roccae de Rodobonis, Sancti Nicandri cum casali Bauciae, Maclae Strinatae, Casalis Ioannis, et castrum Regini devolutum per obitum Ansellae de Sus filiae quondam Petri de Sus’, Reg. Ang. 1335 A, fol. 35, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 244Google Scholar.

74 Jamison, E. M., ‘Notes on Santa Maria della Strada at Matrice, its history and sculpture’, Papers of the British School at Rome, XIV (New Series, vol. I), 1938, p. 49, note 93Google Scholar.

75 Reg. Ang. 1316 E, fol. 121V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 367Google Scholar.

76 Reg. Ang. 1322 C, fol. iv., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1005Google Scholar; and Reg. Ang. 1328, D, fol. 45, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 214Google Scholar.

77 Reg. Ang. 1322 E, fol. 228 and 228V., and Reg. Ang. 1326 A, fol. 15 and 43V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta“, III, i. 781 and 97Google Scholar.

78 For the redemption see note 21 above; Reg. Ang. 1343 A, fol. 5, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 402Google Scholar.

79 Delia Marra, op. cit., p. 409, citing Reg. Ang. 1326 B, fol. 205. In the Archivio de Santa Maria di Montevergine, vol. IX, 73, the lands of Philip de Sus which had escheated to the crown on his death without heirs are described in 1354 as follows: ‘Casalia Cuciani Lentacii Fiscularii sive Fistaroli et Sancti Petri de Sala et certa alia tenementa cum vassallis et iuribus positis in Casalibus Sancti Naczarii Gamberese (gap) Castellono necnon certum tenimentum quod vulgariter vocatur Cervarola iuxta Casale Rocca [?]’. Cucciano, Lentace, Fustulani and Sannazaro are all in the neighbourhood of Montefuscolo; I have been unable to identify the last named casale.

80 P. 176 above; and see note 92 below.

81 See note 92 below. I have been unable to identify Pianise.

82 ‘Nobili Dominae Ilariae de Sus Comitissae S. Angeli possidenti medietatem Castri S. Nicandri in Capitanata pro indiviso cum Petro de Sus eius frater, provisio contra dictum eius fratrem destituentem earn dictae medietatae et committitur Iudici Riccardo Rufolo habitatori Neapoli consiliario’, Reg. Ang. 1324 A, fol. 93V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1182Google Scholar.

83 Reg. Ang. 1324 C, fol. 46, 200, 287; she was disputing with the universitas of Bagnoli. Cf. Caggese, R., Roberto d'Angiò e i suoi tempi, Florence, 1921, 1930, I 237–8Google Scholar. Delia Marra says she also held Nusco as dower from Philip.

84 See note 92 below. I have been unable to identify Sant'Antonio.

85 Reg. Ang. 1326 B, fol. 222, 222V., 223, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 156Google Scholar.

86 Caetani, G., Documenti dell'Archivio Caetani, Domus Caktana, I, i, Rome, 1927, p. 216Google Scholar; he cites Reg. Ang. 1322 F, fol. 194.

87 Caetani, G., op. cit., Regesta Chartarum, II, Rome, 1926, pp. 31–2Google Scholar.

88 ‘Nobili Dominae Ilariae de Sus Comitissae S. Angeli uxori domini Thomasii de Aquino camberlani familiaris exponenti quod quondam Dominus Benedictus Gaytanus Palatinus Comes anterior vir suus legavit sibi omnia sua stabilia sita in Civitate Viterbi, et confirmata a Domino Francesco Gaytano fratre dicti quondam Benedicti sed a multis molestatur. Hortatori a directa Communi Viterbii’. Reg. Ang. 1326 B, fol. 225, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 156Google Scholar.

89 See note 54 above.

90 ‘Adenulfo de Aquino apodixa adohamenti soluti pro castro Castri Leonis quod tenet in Calabria sub servitio unius militis in feudum novum, pro castro Marsici Veteris empto per eum a Domina Ilaria de Sus Comitissa Sancti Angeli in feudum antiquum et pro annua provisione unciarum 10 quam tenet, super Dohanam Salerni’, Reg. Ang. 1317 A, fol. 400, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, IV, i, 59Google Scholar.

91 Filangieri, , I Registri, III, 150Google Scholar; (18 Jan.–29 March 1270).

92 From the list of feudataries in the Principato who paid adohamentum (instead of performing service in person) in the year 1321: ‘Die 8 Julii a Domina Maria (sic) de Sus Comitissa S. Angeli pro se et pro Nicolao de Jamvilla filio suo Comite S. Angeli cuius est balia: pro Baronia Petrae Caselli, in qua sunt Castellum Monachi Leonis, Cantalupum, Castrum Porcariae; Baronia Casalfani in qua sunt Castrum Casalfani, Castrum Fitarolae, Castrum Venefri, Castrum Montis Longi, Casale S. Crucis, et Civitellae, Casale S. Eliae; quae dicta Comitissa tenet in Capitanata ex successione materna sub servitio unius militis et unius Beroherii et dimidii, ad rationem unciarum 6 tarenorum 15 pro servitio militari, et de unciis 6 tarenis 9 pro quolibet Borroherio. Item castrum Casalis Joannis, et casale Macclae Sarracenae quae ipsa Comitissa tenet in Capitanata pro dodario sibi constiruto per quondam Eustasium de Aricurt primum virum suum; Castrum S. luliani datum sibi in dotern per quondam patrem suum in Capitanata; Castrum Planisii, medietas Castri S. Nicandri cum Devia, et alia medietas Casalis Bauciae, quas tenet pro dodario sibi constiruto per quondam Dominum Gentilem de Sancto Giorgio, alium virum suum, in Capitanata. Castrum Cassani, Castrum Roccae S. Agatis, Castrum Zunculi, Castrum S. Angeli de Lombardis in Principatu, Casale S. Antonii de Pantonibus, et Serra Capriola in Capitanata, quae tenent pro pane dicti filii sui’. Reg. Ang. 1322 C, fol. 242V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1037–8Google Scholar. I have been unable to identify Ficarola, Casalfano, and Casale Sant'Elia.

93 C. Borelli, Vindex Neapolitanae Nobilitatis, p. 151.

94 Sthamer, E., ‘Bruchstücke mittelalterliche Enquetenaus Unteritalien’, Einzelausgabe aus den Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl. 2, Berlin, 1933, p. 95Google Scholar.

95 ‘Adenulfo de Stipite asserenti quod cum mota questione per quondam Floresiam uxorem Americi de Sus militis coram Berardo de S. Giorgio tune Iustitiario Capitanatae, de Castro Venafri et casalibus S. Crucis et Civitellae, quae dictus Adenulfus tenebat, per dictum Iustitiarium lata fuit sententia ad favorem dictae Floresiae, cuius vigore inducta in possessionem dictorum castri et casalium, cognito subsequenter super processu et sententia quaedam per Lodovicum de Montibus militem locumtenentem Magistri Iustitiarii et iudices Magnae Curiae tenet assidentes eidem, quibus fuerunt presentati dicti Processus, et sententia, fuerunt sententialiter irritati, et mandatum quod restituatur ei possessio, sed per potentiam dictae mulieris, et Joannis Traczarelli (Trezzarello in margin) eius filii numquam potuit assequi possessionem eamdem provisio’. Reg. Aug. 1294 M, fol. 84, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1843Google Scholar.

96 On at least one occasion (when Gentile di San Giorgio and Ilaria intervened to settle a dispute between the heirs of a sub-feudatary of Pietra Catella), Ilaria, Lady of the barony of Pietra Catella, is called Ilaria de Stipite. Reg. Ang. 1306 I, fol. 69, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 940Google Scholar.

97 In the list of feudataries who pay adohamentum Ilaria pays ‘medietas adohamenti’ for the two baronies ‘quae tenet a Curia in feudum antiquum ex successione materna in Capitanata’. Reg. Ang. 1320 B, fol. 59, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1045Google Scholar.

98 See note 92 above. Cantalupo (Cantalupo del Sannio today) is in the County of Molise; these documents speak of it as being in the Capitanata. It is possible that the transaction in 1316 concerns a Cantalupo in the Capitanata which cannot be identified today, but it may have been the case that, as the barony of Pietracatella of which Cantalupo was a part was in the Capitanata, for administrative purposes it was considered to belong to the neighbouring province.

99 de Lellis, C., Discorsi delle famiglie nobili del Regno di Napoli, Prima, Pane, Naples, 1654, p. 40Google Scholar.

100 ibid., p. 42.

101 Reg. Ang. 1316 E, fol. 51V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 344Google Scholar.

102 Cariato and Casaboni, annual value 120 ounces, were granted on 20 June 1306 to the descendants of Gentile and Ilaria, Reg. Ang. 1306 I, fol. 73, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 941–2Google Scholar. In 1315-16 Petruccio paid the relief for the barony of Cariato and Casaboni ‘quas tenet ex successione quondam Domini Gentilis de Sancto Giorgio avi sui’, Reg. Ang. 1316 E, fol. 51V.

103 Delia Marra, op. cit., p. 408.

104 Delia Marra, op. cit., p. 408; in Reg. Ang. 1320 B, fol. 165V., he pays adohamentum for the castrum of Ottaiano; he is called chamberlain in Reg. Ang. 1326 B, see next note.

105 Reg. Ang. 1236 B, fol. 205, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 154Google Scholar.

106 See note 68 above.

107 Fifongieri, , I Registri, II, 192–3Google Scholar.

108 ibid., 239-40.

109 ibid., 240.

110 Atti Perduti, I, ix, 394.

111 Reg. Ang. 1322 A, fol. 3 and 4V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 189 and 191Google Scholar.

112 Reg. Ang. 1326 B, it was among the lands granted to Santa Chiara on 6 June 1313, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 172Google Scholar.

113 Reg. Ang. 1296 A, fol. 19, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1927Google Scholar.

114 Reg. Ang. 1306 I, fol. 38, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 932Google Scholar.

115 ‘Iudici Petro Iudicis Joannis de Boiano auditori rationum Magnae Curiae et Archivii nostri Custodi assecuratio super concessione licentiae edificandi molendini et derivandi aquam fluminis Biferni per territorium dictae terrae Boiani ei factae ab Egidio de Mustarola milite Regni Siciliae Magistro Panetterio Domino dictae terrae Boiani’, Reg. Ang. 1306 I, fol. 3V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 923Google Scholar.

116 Reg. Ang. 13061, fol. 68, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 932Google Scholar.

117 ibid.

118 Reg. Ang. 1334-5 E, fol. 17V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1496–7Google Scholar.

119 ‘Magistro Mattheo Greco de Gifono filio quondam Corradi Greci proditoris a tempore adventus Corradini cui fuerunt ablata bona sita in Gifono, et deinde restituta dicto Mattheo per Egidium de Mosterola primo, et subsequenter per Jacobum de Brussono milites dominos dicti castri, privilegium restitutionis ad famam et confirmatio dictorum bonorum restitutionum’, Reg. Ang. 1299 B, fol. 221V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 1644–5Google Scholar.

120 The charge of diminishing the royal demesne by grants has been levelled against Charles by most historians fi of the conquest; for a recent exposition of it see Léonard, E. G., Les Angevins de Naples, Paris, 1954, p. 81Google Scholar.

121 ‘Constitutio edita pro successione ieudalium, qua sancitur si feudatarius decesserit absque filiis masculis, succedere debeant feminae, annullando antiquam consuetudinem cuius vigore si feudatarius moriebatur superstitious tamen filiabus feminis, non succedebant filie, sed consanguinei quantumcumque remoti masculini sexus. Sub die 20 Maii, IX Indicitionis, 1326’. Reg. Ang. 1325-6 O, fol. 79V., in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. p. 54Google Scholar. See also R. Trifone, La Legislations Angloina, (Società Napoletana di Storia Patria, Documenti per la Storia dell'Italia Meridionale, I) Naples, 1921, p. 216, cxxxx.

122 B. Leo II, Abbot of Cava 1268-94.

page 185 note a Gap.

page 185 note b Hole.

123 Presumably a relation of the Archbishop of Benevento.

124 John, Bishop of Benevento 1282-95, created Cardinal of San Vitale by Celestine V in September 1294, was John of Castro Ceil, monk of Cassino.

page 186 note a Gap

125 Benedict, Bishop of Bisaccia, was translated to Avellino by Nicholas IV on 20 April 1288. He died in 1294.

126 See above, n. 41.

127 We do not know when he was granted these lands; Ferrazzano had been granted to Guillaume de Gigny on 6 March 1270, its annual value being thirty ounces. Filangieri, , I Registri, II, 244Google Scholar.

128 Either Acerra (Acerranenses) or Acerenza (Acheruntini).

129 Landulf Brancaccio, created Cardinal deacon of Sant'Angelo by Celestine V in September 1294, sent as legate to Apulia and later to England.

130 Santa Maria de Monteverde, a Benedictine house in the County of Molise.

131 I have been unable to identify this place near Montefuscolo.

132 This place name occurs in various forms: Cannicii, de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, III, i. 932Google Scholar, from Reg. Ang. 1306 I, fol. 138; Caudicii, ibid., 1496, from Reg. Ang. 1334-5 E, fol. 17V., and Canditi, from the same Register in ‘Notamenta’, IV part ii; Filangieri, , I Registri, II. 192–3Google Scholar has Candicta, but queries this reading. The feudum unum quaternatum in pertinentus Cicale, Casale Caudam, was not identified by Sthamer, E., ‘Bruchstiicke mittelalterlicher Enqueten aus Unteritalien’, Einzelausgabe aus den Abhandlungen der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl. 2, Berlin, 1933, p. 39, note 2Google Scholar.

133 See above, p. 171, note 14. for a discussion of this office.

page 191 note a Hole.

134 No knight of this name, or of anything resembling it, is mentioned by Durrieu, P., Les Archives angevines de Naples, vol. IIGoogle Scholar; there is a Soisy on the Seine just north of Corbeil, and it may be that Giles' nephew came from there, not very far from the Abbey of St.-Maur-des-Fossés and Montreuil.

135 Durrieu includes Adam, Bernardus, Guillelmus, and two Johannes de Vernolio, also a Giletus de Vernulio, all in the French form de Verneuil. This Godfrey was a witness to the first grant made to Montevergine by Giles, see document VI.

136 Several members of this, the de Toucy family, are known in Italy; see in addition to Durrieu, op. cit., Ammirato, S., Delle famiglie nobili napoletane, part I, Florence, 1580Google Scholar, under Tuzziaco, as they were called in Italy.

137 Durrieu has Drivo de Villeriis and Estienne de Villeriis; de Villiers.

138 Philippa, we learn farther on, was the sister of Nicholas di Gesualdo, eldest son of the famous Elia.

139 Tassinus, ‘little merchant’; see Dauzat, A., Dictionnaire Etymologique des noms de famille et prénoms de France, Paris, 1951Google Scholar.

140 Not in Durrieu.

141 Durrieu has Guillelmus de Foresta, Le Forest, chevalier, feudataire, chatelain de chateau, 1269-74.

142 Not in Durrieu.

143 Not in Durrieu.

144 Durrieu has a Perrinus de Bergerettes, horame d'armes, 1273.

145 Durrieu does not mention this member of the family; was he related to John and his son of the same name, usually called de Clariaco in Italy?

146 I have been unable to find any further information about Novellonus de Salvilla, who seems to have been a person of some standing.

page 193 note a Hole.

147 The Benedictine Abbey of St.-Maur-des-Fossés in a bend of the Marne eleven kilometres south-east of Paris. This is Abbot John the second; Sainte-Marthe, D. de, Gallia Christiana, VII, Paris, 1744, 299Google Scholar.

148 See above, p. 181.

149 Isabella, called variously de Dinissiaco and de Dynasiaco, was the daughter of William Bolard, Marshall of the kingdom of Sicily and Cecilia de Sabran; this Cecilia was the daughter of Ermengan de Sabran by his second wife Alistasia, and therefore, if della Marra and de Lellis are correct, she was the full sister of Eustace of Hardicourt.

150 See above, p. 181, note 107.

page 194 note a Hole

page 194 note b The suras have been added.

151 Before this date a case had been brought against Giles for the restitution of Philippa's dowry: Reg. Ang. 1307 A, fol. 62, 228, in de Lellis, , ‘Notamenta’, IV, part i, 610 and 1307Google Scholar.

152 Not in Durrieu.

153 Durrieu has Aprelis de Sentinis de Parisi, cuisinier, valet de l'hôtel, 1272.

page 195 note a Hole

page 195 note b On a crack and much rubbed.

page 196 note a Hole.

page 196 note b Illegible.

page 197 note a Hole