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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 June 2014
A brief life of Horace survives from the ancient world, attached to the name of Suetonius and probably summarizing a longer life by that writer, which is worth quoting in full here.
1 For its origin, see still Fraenkel 1957: 1–13. Text and translation are most easily found in Rolfe 1914: 484–91.
2 Translation from Fairclough 1927, modified.
3 The unlikely idea that Horace's father was Jewish and from Alexandria has recently been revived for discussion by Newman 2011: 446–58.
4 See Williams 1995.
5 See Janko 2000:6.
6 See e.g. Mayer 1995; Armstrong 2010.
7 For the project of excavation see the details at <http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/horaces-villa/Contents.html>. For a brief printed summary see Frischer 2010, and for the full publication Frischer et al. 2006.
8 Bowditch 2001, 2010.
9 See Wallace-Hadrill 1985: 73–96; Malcovati 1977.
10 See Williams 1990; White 1991.
11 See Sat. 1.10.86 with Gowers 2012: 336 (the presence of Bibulus in Rome in the winter of 36–35 is a dating point). In general, Satires 1 seems to belong to the period of peace after Naulochus (September 36).
12 Both clearly after the deaths of Antony and Cleopatra in autumn 30 but before the triumphal return of the young Caesar in autumn 29.
13 Though the usual marker of the suffect consulship of Sestius in 23 (Nisbet and Hubbard 1970: xxxv–vii) has now been doubted by Hutchinson 2008: 138.
14 After Tiberius' Eastern settlement of 20 (Epist. 1.12.26–7): see Mayer 1994: 8–11.
15 Before Augustus' return to Rome in 13: see Odes 4.5 and Thomas 2011: 5–7.
16 See Hutchinson 2008: 131–61.
17 Kilpatrick 1990: xi. Williams 1972: 38–9 also argued briefly that the three poems belonged in one book, but dated that book to soon after 17 bce.
18 Harrison 2008.
19 See especially Hardie and Moore 2010.
20 This section incorporates parts of Harrison 2010.
21 See Zetzel 1980; Gowers 2003.
22 fr.2 Courtney, FLP, lines 6–9; for the classic discussion see Anderson et al. 1979.
23 See Watson 2003: 12–17.
24 See Watson 1995.
25 See Nisbet 1984.
26 See Harrison 2007b: 106–14.
27 See Harrison 2007b: 119–30.
28 See Zetzel 1980.
29 See Harrison 2007b: 130–4.
30 See Hutchinson 2008: 131–61.
31 See Nisbet and Hubbard 1970: xxxviii–xlvi.
32 See Lowrie 1995.
33 See D. Porter 1987 for an extreme version of this thesis, Santirocco 1986 for a milder one.
34 See Harrison 2010.
35 See Lowrie 1997: 224–316.
36 For recent helpful material on the Carmen see Chapter V below.
37 See Harrison 1990.
38 See further Harrison 1995b.
39 See further Harrison 1990.
40 See DuQuesnay 1995.
41 See Griffin 2002.
42 E.g. 1.4.19–20, 1.32.11–12, 3.20.5–16.
43 See Harrison 2008, the arguments of which are summarized here, and have been accepted e.g. by Nisbet 2007: 18; Günther 2013a: 48; and Rudd 2007. Similar views are stated independently in Holzberg 2009: 28–29.
44 Davis 1991; Oliensis 1998; McNeill 2001; Schmidt 2002b.
45 See especially Horsfall 1998.
46 See e.g. Lefkowitz 1991; Slings 1990.
47 E.g. Muecke 2007.
48 See e.g. Anderson 1982.
49 See e.g. Mayer 2003.
50 Here I draw on Harrison 2007d.
51 See e.g. Horsfall 1998: 46.
52 See especially Schmidt 2002b: 180–1, who dates the tree-fall to 33 bce.
53 See especially Horsfall 1998: 46.
54 See Citroni 2001.
55 Fraenkel 1957 held that both Maecenas and Horace were at Rome during Actium, but most scholars now place both Maecenas and Horace at Actium – see e.g. DuQuesnay 2002; Watson 2003: 57; Nisbet: 2007; 11–12; Günther 2013a. Anderson 2010:40 is still sceptical.
56 Bradshaw 1989.
57 See Bowditch 2001, 2010.