Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T12:43:16.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Who Wishes to Return? Ties to Home Country among the Romanian Migrants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2020

Sergiu Gherghina*
Affiliation:
Department of Politics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Aurelian Plopeanu
Affiliation:
Department of Interdisciplinary Research, Humanities and Social Sciences, Al. I Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The research focusing on return migration from the perspective of migrants’ relationship with the country of origin has emphasized the emotional and economic ties. Quite often, these ties have been examined separately and there is little indication of what counts more. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyzes the extent to which the sense of belonging, media consumption, networks of friends, and regular visits in the country of origin could affect the intention to return. It controls for remittances, voting in the elections of their home country, and age. The empirical analysis uses an original dataset including individual level data. This was collected through an online survey in January 2018 on a sample of 1,839 first generation migrants from Romania.

Type
Article
Copyright
© Association for the Study of Nationalities 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anghel, Remus. 2013. Romanians in Western Europe: Migration, Status Dilemmas, and Transnational Connections. Lanham: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Anghel, Remus Gabriel. 2008. “Changing Statuses: Freedom of Movement, Locality and Transnationality of Irregular Romanian Migrants in Milan.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34 (5): 787802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atoyan, Ruben, Christiansen, Lone, Dizioli, Allan, Ebeke, Christian, Ilahi, Nadeem, Ilyina, Anna, Mehrez, Gil, et al. 2016. “Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe.” IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/16/07. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1607.pdf. (Accessed March 22, 2019.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ban, Cornel. 2012. “Economic Transnationalism and Its Ambiguities: The Case of Romanian Migration to Italy.” International Migration 50 (6): 129149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbiano di Belgiojoso, Elisa. 2016. “Intentions on Desired Length of Stay among Immigrants in Italy.” Genus 72 (1): 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blouchoutzi, Anastasia, and Nikas, Christos. 2010. “The Macroeconomic Implications of Emigrants’ Remittances in Romania, Bulgaria and Albania.” Post-Communist Economies 22 (4): 547558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolzman, Claudio, Fibbi, Rosita, and Vial, Marie. 2006. “What To Do After Retirement? Elderly Migrants and the Question of Return.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32 (8): 13591375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonifazi, Corrado, and Paparusso, Angela. 2018. “Remain or Return Home: The Migration Intentions of First-Generation Migrants in Italy.” Population, Space and Place 25 (2): 113.Google Scholar
Bree, June de, Davids, Tine, and de Haas, Hein. 2010. “Post-Return Experiences and Transnational Belonging of Return Migrants: A Dutch-Moroccan Case Study.” Global Networks 10 (4): 489509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carling, Jørgen, and Pettersen, Silje Vatne. 2014. “Return Migration Intentions in the Integration-Transnationalism Matrix.” International Migration 52 (6): 1330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassarino, Jean-Pierre. 2004. “Theorising Return Migration: A Revisited Conceptual Approach to Return Migration.” EUI Working Papers 2: 125.Google Scholar
Collier, William, Piracha, Matloob, and Randazzo, Teresa. 2018. “Remittances and Return Migration.” Review of Development Economics 22 (1): 174202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condon, Stephanie A., and Ogden, Philip E.. 1996. “Questions of Emigration, Circulation and Return: Mobility between the French Caribbean and France.” International Journal of Population Geography 2 (1): 3550.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Constant, Amelie, and Massey, Douglas S.. 2002. “Return Migration by German Guestworkers: Neoclassical versus New Economic Theories.” International Migration 40 (4): 538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datta, Kavita. 2012. Migrants and Their Money: Surviving Financial Exclusion. Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Dustmann, Christian, and Mestres, Josep. 2010. “Remittances and Temporary Migration.” Journal of Development Economics 92 (1): 6270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duval, David Timothy. 2004. “Linking Return Visits and Return Migration among Commonwealth Eastern Caribbean Migrants in Toronto.” Global Networks 4 (1): 5167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easthope, Hazel. 2009. “Fixed Identities in a Mobile World? The Relationship Between Mobility, Place, and Identity.” Identities 16 (1): 6182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efstratios, Loizou, Anastasios, Michailidis, and Anastasios, Karasavvoglou. 2014. “Return Migration: Evidence from a Reception Country with a Short Migration History.” European Urban and Regional Studies 21 (2): 161174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elrick, Tim, and Ciobanu, Oana. 2009. “Migration Networks and Policy Impacts: Insights from Romanian-Spanish Migrations.” Global Networks 9 (1): 100116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdal, Marta Bivand, and Ezzati, Rojan. 2015. “‘Where Are You from’ or ‘When Did You Come’? Temporal Dimensions in Migrants’ Reflections about Settlement and Return.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 38 (7): 12021217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fargues, Philippe. 2011. “International Migration and the Demographic Transition: A Two-Way Interaction.” International Migration Review 45 (3): 588614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fehler, Benedicte Ohrt. 2011. “(Re)Constructing Roots: Genetics and the ‘Return’ of African Americans to Ghana.” Mobilities 6 (4): 585600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figueiredo, Rui J. P. de, and Elkins, Zachary. 2003. “Are Patriots Bigots? An Inquiry into the Vices of In-Group Pride.” American Journal of Political Science 47 (1): 171188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fokkema, Tineke. 2011. “Return’ Migration Intentions Among Second‐Generation Turks in Europe: The Effect of Integration and Transnationalism in a Cross‐National Perspective.” Journal of Mediterranean Studies 20 (2): 365388.Google Scholar
Gherghina, S., and Tseng, H.-K.. 2016. “Voting Home or Abroad? Comparing Migrants’ Electoral Participation in Countries of Origin and of Residence.” Nationalities Papers 44 (3): 456472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giner-Monfort, Jordi, Hall, Kelly, and Betty, Charles. 2016. “Back to Brit: Retired British Migrants Returning from Spain.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42 (5): 797815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, Breda. 2008. “Putting Emotion and Reflexivity to Work in Researching Migration.” Sociology , 42 (5): 935952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, Shang E., and Jang, Seung-Jin. 2015. “National Identity, National Pride, and Happiness: The Case of South Korea.” Social Indicators Research 121 (2): 471482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, Hein de. 2014. “Euro-Mediterranean Migration Futures: The Cases of Morocco, Egypt and Turkey.” In Migration from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe. Past Developments, Current Status, and Future Potentials, edited by Sievers, Wiebke, Bommes, Michael, and Fassman, Heinz, 2974. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Haas, Hein de, and , Tineke. 2011. “The Effects of Integration and Transnational Ties on International Return Migration Intentions.” Demographic Research 25: 755782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, Hein de, Fokkema, Tineke, and Fihri, Mohamed Fassi. 2015. “Return Migration as Failure or Success? The Determinants of Return Migration Intentions among Moroccan Migrants in Europe.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 16 (2): 415429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatziprokopiou, Panos, and Labrianidis, Lois. 2005. “Albanian Return Migration: Migrants Tend to Return to Their Country of Origin After All.” In The New Albanian Migration, edited by King, Russell, Mai, Nicola, and Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie, 93117. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kakar, Sudhir. 1996. Colours of Violence: Cultural Identities, Religion and Conflict. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kraler, Albert, Schmoll, Camille, Kofman, Eleonore, and Kohli, Martin, eds. 2014. Gender, Generations and Family in the International Migration. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Labrianidis, Lois, and Kazazi, Brikena. 2006. “Albanian Return-Migrants from Greece and Italy.” European Urban and Regional Studies 13 (1): 5974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcu, Silvia. 2012. “Emotions on the Move: Belonging, Sense of Place and Feelings Identities Among Young Romanian Immigrants in Spain.” Journal of Youth Studies 15 (2): 207223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcu, Silvia. 2018. “Mobility as a Support Strategy: Linked Lives through the Life Course among Eastern Europeans in Spain.” Geoforum 97: 335342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Reiner, and Radu, Dragos. 2012. “Return Migration: The Experience of Eastern Europe.” International Migration 50 (6): 109128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, Fiona. 1991. “The Economic, Social and Cultural Impacts of Return Migration to Achill Island.” In Contemporary Irish Migration, edited by King, Russell, 5569. Dublin: Geographical Society of Ireland.Google Scholar
Nedelcu, Mihaela, and Wyss, Malika. 2016. “‘Doing Family’ through ICT-Mediated Ordinary Co-Presence : Transnational Communication Practices of Romanian Migrants in Switzerland.” Global Networks 16 (2): 202218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD. 2017. “G20 Global Displacement and Migration Trends: Report 2017,” 2017. https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/employment-and-social-policy/G20-OECD-migration.pdf. (Accessed March 22, 2019.)Google Scholar
Owusu, Thomas Y. 1998. “To Buy or Not to Buy: Determinants of Home Ownership among Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto.” The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien 42 (1): 4052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paparusso, Angela, and Ambrosetti, Elena. 2017. “To Stay or to Return? Return Migration Intentions of Moroccans in Italy.” International Migration 55 (6): 137155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peil, Margaret. 1995. “Ghanaians Abroad.” African Affairs 94 (376): 345368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popa, Dan. 2018. “Anul Trecut Au Emigrat circa 220.000 de Români (Last Year Approximately 220,000 Romanians Migrated).” HotNews.Ro, August 29. https://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-finante_banci-22675183-anul-trecut-emigrat-circa-220-000-romni-dac-mai-sporul-natural-negativ-nu-mir-mas-19-5-milioane-trnire-demografic-continu-accentueze.htm. (Accessed March 22, 2019.)Google Scholar
Repatriot. 2017. “Atitudini Si Planuri de Viitor Ale Romanilor Din Diaspora (Attitudes and Plans of Romanians in Diaspora).” Report, 2017. https://repatriot.ro/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prezentare-Studiu-diaspora.pdf. (Accessed March 22, 2019.)Google Scholar
Reynolds, Tracey. 2010. “Transnational Family Relationships, Social Networks and Return Migration among British-Caribbean Young People.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 33 (5): 797815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritchey, P. Neal. 1976. “Explanations of Migration.” Annual Review of Sociology 2: 363404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roman, Monica, and Goschin, Zizi. 2014. “Return Migration in an Economic Crisis Context. A Survey on Romanian Healthcare Professionals.” Romanian Journal of Economics 39 (2): 100120.Google Scholar
Rosa, Donato De, Russo, Giuseppe, and Dospinescu, Andrei Silviu. 2018. “Romanian Migrants Can Make a Difference Back Home.” The World Bank, July 24. http://blogs.worldbank.org/europeandcentralasia/romanian-migrants-can-make-difference-back-home. (Accessed March 22, 2019.)Google Scholar
Rubenstein, Roberta. 2001. Home Matters: Longing and Belonging, Nostalgia and Mourning in Women’s Fiction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandu, Dumitru. 2016. “Remittances As Home Orientation Rooted in the Lifeworlds of Immigrants.” Central and Eastern European Migration Review 5 (2): 8198.Google Scholar
Schatz, Robert T., Staub, Ervin, and Lavine, Howard. 1999. “On the Varieties of National Attachment: Blind Versus Constructive Patriotism.” Political Psychology 20 (1): 151–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, T. W., and Kim, Seokho. 2006. “National Pride in Comparative Perspective: 1995/96 and 2003/04.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 18 (1): 127136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stamm, Sibylle. 2006. “Social Networks Among Return Migrants to Post-War Lebanon.” CIS Working Paper 6: 349.Google Scholar
Stănculescu, Sofia, and Stoiciu, Manuela. 2012. Impactul Crizei Economice Asupra Migratiei Fortei de Munca Din Romania [The Impact of Financial Crisis on the Labor Migration in Romania]. Bucharest: Paideia.Google Scholar
Șuiu, Adriana. 2015. “Why Romanians Do Not Quit Spain? Romanian Migrants’ Copying Strategies After the Crisis.” Geographica Timisiensis 24 (2): 6778.Google Scholar
Tsuda, Takeyuki. 2003. Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland: Japanese Brazilian Return Migration in Transnational Perspective. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vlase, Ionela. 2013. “‘My Husband Is a Patriot!’: Gender and Romanian Family Return Migration from Italy.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (5): 741758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vlase, Ionela, and Voicu, Bogdan, eds. 2018. Gender, Family, and Adaptation of Migrants in Europe. A Life Course Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddell, Benjamin James, and Fontenla, Matías. 2015. “The Mexican Dream? The Effect of Return Migrants on Hometown Development.” The Social Science Journal 52 (3): 386396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldorf, Brigitte. 1995. “Determinants of International Return Migration Intentions*.” The Professional Geographer 47 (2): 125136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wessendorf, Susanne. 2007. “‘Roots Migrants’: Transnationalism and ‘Return’ among Second-Generation Italians in Switzerland.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33 (7): 10831102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaiceva, A., and Zimmermann, K. F.. 2008. “Scale, Diversity, and Determinants of Labour Migration in Europe.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 24 (3): 427451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaiceva, Anzelika, and Zimmermann, Klaus F.. 2012. “Returning Home at Times of Trouble? Return Migration of EU Enlargement Migrants during the Crisis.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 7111. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/374f/86f3e8e6aee36a84c318c991c1cea66497ab.pdf. (Accessed March 22, 2019.)Google Scholar
Zhao, Yaohui. 2002. “Causes and Consequences of Return Migration: Recent Evidence from China.” Journal of Comparative Economics 30 (2): 376394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Gherghina and Plopeanu Supplementary Materials

Gherghina and Plopeanu Supplementary Materials

Download Gherghina and Plopeanu Supplementary Materials(File)
File 49.1 KB