Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T03:26:48.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Schleswig and Non-Territorial Autonomy – The Territorial Trap?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2022

Martin Klatt Open the ORCID record for Martin Klatt [Opens in a new window]
Martin Klatt*
Affiliation:
Centre for Border Region Studies, Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark
*
Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Non-territorial autonomy (NTA) is a concept to ensure political and cultural participation of national minorities in society and thus a tool to manage diversity without challenging territorial integrity. This article relates to the experience of Schleswig, which is widely perceived as a model of successful border-delineation based on national self-determination and subsequent reconciliation and accommodation of national, linguistic, and cultural binarity in a majority-minority framework. Minority membership is based on subjective self-identification and not registered.

The principle of subjective self-identification and its fluidity challenge attempts to implement a legitimate, democratic structure of minority self-government. The non-definition of “minority” based on objective, measurable criteria is due to the apparent social integration of the Schleswig society: today, it is socially more divided by the national border drawn 100 years ago than by respective majority-minority divisions. It has become apparent that the territorial restriction to the boundaries of the former Duchy of Schleswig does not cohere with social practices and mobility frameworks and thus questions the present NTA infrastructure, which is restricted to a historic territory no longer relevant in contemporary administrative frameworks or in patterns of social practices.

Keywords

non-territorial autonomyidentitydiversitysocial mobilityminority self-government
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 50 , Issue 5: Special Issue on Accommodating National Diversity Within States , September 2022 , pp. 906 - 922
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Association for the Study of Nationalities

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

6.11.17, p. 4, “Fornyelsen, der blev til mere snak”Google Scholar
1.20.18, p. 5, “Anders Kring: Brug penge på en strukturundersøgelse”Google Scholar
3.22.18, p. 1, “SSF vil have en sydslesvigsk folkeafstemning”; p. 7, “Mange åbne spørgsmål”Google Scholar
3.29.18, p. 4, “De to sydslesvigske lømler driller igen”Google Scholar
5.4.18, Fokus 1, “Sydslesvig har frie og stærke enkelforeninger”Google Scholar
5.9.18, p. 19, “Brug for et alternativ til Samrådet” (Henry Bohm, chairman SSF Bredstedt)Google Scholar
5.17.18, p. 19, “Brug for noget bedre end Samrådet” (Jens Kring)Google Scholar
5.19.18, p. 7, “Flensborg-ønske om en fælles stemme”Google Scholar
6.5.18. p. 7, “Stadig strid om Samrådets rolle”; ”Toppen skændes, basis enes”Google Scholar
8.23.18, Kontakt p. 4, “Debatten om det postnationale går forbi virkeligheden”Google Scholar
11.9.18, p. 5, “Et Sydslesvig bygget op fra bunden”Google Scholar
12.13.18, p. 1, “SSWs unge vil danne sydslesvigsk ungdomsråd”Google Scholar
1.10.19, Kontakt 8, “Mindretalslivet blomstrer stadigtGoogle Scholar
3.28.19, p. 8, “gør det nu grundigt” (Jens Kring)Google Scholar
4.27.19, p. 21, ”Forandring er nødvendig” (Anke Spoorendonk)Google Scholar
6.4.20, Kontakt p. 2, “Analyse offentliggøres”Google Scholar
6.5.20, p. 6–7, “Intet var tabu, alt kom på bordet”Google Scholar
7.16.20, p. 8–9, “Det røde legohus får de unge med”Google Scholar
7.20.20, p. 8–9, “De savner de varme bånd i Sydslesvig”Google Scholar
7.23.20, p. 8, “Strukturdebatten må for alt i verden ikke ende i skrivebordsskuffen”Google Scholar
7.27.20, p. 8, ”De drømmer om ændrede magtforhold i mindretallet”Google Scholar
7.31.20, p. 8–9, “Nedbryd kongerigerne og byg et nyt”Google Scholar
8.5.20, p. 8, “Det er den tyske kultur der gør os multikulti”Google Scholar
8.8.20. p. 8–9, “Sydslesvig skal være Danmarks kommune nummer 99”Google Scholar
8.12.20, p. 8–9, “Tal med og ikke forbi mindretallet”Google Scholar
8.29.20, p. 20, “– Vi skal videre ad nye veje”Google Scholar
9.2.20, p. 5, “Struktur til debat i Samrådet – Set udefra er I splittede”Google Scholar
9.7.20. p. 3, “Unge ønsker et mere samlet Sydslesvig”Google Scholar
9.15.20, p. 5, “Strukturdebatten kommer først næste år”Google Scholar
9.19.20, p. 28, “Hvad venter I på?” (Jens Andresen, chairman Grænseforeningen)Google Scholar
10.17.20, p. 7, “Ønske om fælles vision møder kritik”Google Scholar
12.31.20, p. 20, “Struktur på strukturdebatten – en nytårshilsen (Christian Jürgensen, chairman Library Association, Jens M. Henriksen, Head of Library)Google Scholar
1.20.21, p. 3, “Skoleforeningen foretrækker en neutral formand”Google Scholar
2.13.21, p. 28, “Sydslesvigs gang om den varme strukturgrød” (Lise Kristensen, journalist and minority member)Google Scholar
4.24.21, p. 8, “22-årig vil være de unges stemme i Samrådet”Google Scholar
6.5.21, p. 6, “Strukturdebat ingen hjertesag for mindretallet”Google Scholar
6.15.21, p. 5, “Et folkevalgt organ bør erstatte Samrådet”Google Scholar
6.17.21, Kontakt 8; 6.19.21, p. 28 “Samråd og Sydslesvigråd” (Henrik Becker-Christensen, historian, Danish Consul General in Flensburg 1998–2017)Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Becker-Christensen, Henrik. 1990. Det tyske mindretal i Nordslesvig 1920–1932. 2 vols. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Berdichevsky, Norman. 1999. The German - Danish border: a successful resolution of an age old conflict or its redefinition? Vol. 2, no. 7. Durham: University of Durham.Google Scholar
Bittlinger, Levke. 2020. Dänischwerden und Dänischsein im Landesteil Schleswig. Zugehörigkeiten und Verortungsprozesse . Edited by Bendix, Regina, Ege, Moritz, Hess, Sabine, Lipp, Carola, and Näser, Torsten, Göttinger Studien zur Kulturanthropologie/Europäischen Ethnologie. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen.Google Scholar
De Boer, Dick E.H., Petersen, Nils Holger, Spierings, Bas, and Van der Velde, Martin. 2020. “The Historical Evolution of Regionalizing Identities in Europe. Introduction.” In The Historical Evolution of Regionalizing Identities in Europe, edited by De Boer, Dick E.H., Petersen, Nils Holger, Spierings, Bas, and Van der Velde, Martin, 9–35. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Fink, Troels. 1979. Da Sønderjylland blev delt. 3 vols. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Fink, Troels. 1995. “Den første streg på kortet - Clausen linjen.” In Grænsen i 75 år, edited by Henrik Becker Christensen, 11–23. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Gat, Azar. 2013. Nations. The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goemans, Piet. 2013. “National Cultural Autonomy: Otto Bauer’s Challenge to Liberal Nationalism.” In The Challenge of Non-territorial Autonomy. Theory and Practice, edited by Nimni, Ephraim, Osippov, Alexander, and Smith, David J., 25–38. Oxford: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Harck, Sten. 2005. “Von Bonn nach Strasbourg. Die Minderheitenrechte der Dänen, Deutschen und Friesen.” In Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland 1045–2005 edited by Jørgen Kühl and Robert Bohn, 324–340. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Henningsen, Lars N., ed. 2009. Sydslesvigs danske historie. Vol. 2. reviderede udgave, Studieafdelingens udgivelser, nr. 62. Flensborg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Henningsen, Lars N., ed. 2011. Zwischen Grenzkampf und Grenzfrieden . Die dänische Minderheit in Schleswig-Holstein in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Flensburg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Henningsen, Lars N., Klatt, Martin, and Kühl, Jørgen. 1998. SSW: dansksindet politik i Sydslesvig 1945–1998, Studieafdelingens udgivelser , nr. 38. Flensborg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Ranger, Terence, eds. 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Houtum, Henk van, Kramsch, Olivier, and Zierhofer, Wolfgang, eds. 2005. B/ordering Space, Border Regions Series. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Hroch, Miroslav. 2005. Das Europa der Nationen. Die moderne Nationalitätenbildung im europäischen Vergleich. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Hughes, William R. A., Megoran, Nick S., and Benwell, Matthew C.. 2020. “The emotional geopolitics of contested peace: the austerity crisis and the Danish minority of South Schleswig.” Territory, Politics, Governance:1–19. doi: 10.1080/21622671.2020.1772862.Google Scholar
Jebsen, Nina, and Klatt, Martin. 2014.“The Negotiation of National and Regional Identity During the Schleswig-Plebiscite Following the First World War.” First World War Studies 5 (2):181–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judson, Pieter M., and Rozenblit, Marsha L., eds. 2005. Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe. New York: Berghahn.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2007. “Fliessende Grenzen in einer Grenzstadt. Sprache, Kultur, gesellschaftlicher Status und nationale Identität im Flensburg des langen 19. Jahrhunderts.” In Grenzregionen. Ein europäischer Vergleich vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, edited by Duhamelle, Christophe, Kossert, Andreas, and Struck, Bernhard, 315–332. New York: Campus.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2012. “Mobile Regions: Competitive Regional Concepts (not only) in the Danish-German Border Region.” In The Border Multiple. The Practice of Borders Between Public Policy and Everyday Life in a Re-Scaling Europe, edited by Andersen, Dorte Jagetic, Klatt, Martin, and Sandberg, Marie, 55–76. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2014. “Minority Schools Financing in the Danish-German Border Region.” European Yearbook of Minority Issues 11 (1): 359–375. doi: 10.1163/22116117-90110053.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2015. “Von der Abgrenzung zur Grenzüberwindung. Die Minderheiten und die Bonn-Kopenhagener Erklärungen als Wendepunkt der deutsch-dänischen Beziehungen?” Grenzfriedenshefte 62 (1): 55–64.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2019. “Mobilization in crisis – demobilization in peace: protagonists of competing national movements in border regions.” Studies on National Movements 4:30.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2020. “Regions in Crisis: The Volatility of Regional Identity in Face of Nationalisation Projects. The Case of Schleswig.” In The Historical Evolution of Regionalizing Identities in Europe, edited by de Boer, Dick E.H., Petersen, Nils Holger, Spierings, Bas, and van der Velde, Martin, 275–306. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin, and Kühl, Jørgen. 2015. SSW. Die politische Geschichte der dänischen Minderheit 1945–2015. Flensburg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2005a. “Ein europäisches Modell? Die schleswigsche Erfahrung und die nationalen Minderheiten.” In Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland 1945–2005, edited by Kühl, Jørgen, Bohn, Robert, Danker, Uwe, Pohl, Karl Heinrich, and Ruck, Michael, 401–507. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen, ed. 2005b. København-Bonn Erklæringerne 1955–2005. De dansk-tyske mindretalserklæringernes baggrund, tilblivelse og virkning. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning – Syddansk Universitet.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2005c. “Nationale Minderheiten im dänisch-deutschen Grenzland – Eine Einführung.” In Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland 1945–2005, edited by Kühl, Jørgen, Bohn, Robert, Danker, Uwe, Pohl, Karl Heinrich, and Ruck, Michael, 9–58. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2012. Mindretalsmodel i krise. Flensburg: Dansk Skoleforening for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2018. “Ihr seid nicht vergessen worden.” Königliche Neujahrsgrüsse 2001–2017 und Vorstellungen von der dänischen Minderheit in Südschleswig.” In Klaar kiming. Festschrift für Thomas Steensen, edited by Kühl, Jørgen, 110–116. Bredstedt/Bräist: Nordfriisk Institut.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen, and Bohn, Robert, eds. 2005. Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch–dänischen Grenzland 1945–2005. IZRG-Schriftenreihe. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen, and Weller, Marc, eds. 2005. Minority Policy in Action. The Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations in a European Context 1955–2005. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Löfgren, Orvar. 2008. “Regionauts: the Transformation of Cross-Border Regions in Scandinavia.” European Urban and Regional Studies 15 (3):195–209. doi: 10.1177/0969776408090418.Google Scholar
Malloy, Tove H. 2021. “A new research agenda for theorizing non-territorial autonomy?” In Non-Territorial Autonomy and Decentralization. Ethno-Cultural Diversity Governance, edited by Malloy, Tove H. and Salat, Levente, 3–22. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Martinez, Oscar J. 1994. Border People. Life and Society in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. Tucson/London: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Leif Hansen. 1994. “Afvandringen fra Vestslesvig 1860–1900.” Sønderjydske Årbøger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noack, Johan Peter. 1989. Det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig 1920–1945. 2 vols. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Noack, Johan Peter. 1991. Det sydslesvigske grænsespørgsmål 1945–1947. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Noack, Johan Peter. 1997. Det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig 1948–1955. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
O’Dell, Thomas. 2003. “Øresund and the Regionauts.” European Studies: A Journal of European Culture, History and Politics 19:31–53.Google Scholar
Schaefer-Rolffs, Adrian, and Knapp, Kai-Uwe. 2015. Dänische Minderheit deutlich grösser als bisher angenommen. Ergebnisse der ersten repräsentativen Erhebung zur dänischen Minderheit im Norden Deutschlands Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar
Schartl, Matthias. 1999. Rote Fahnen über Flensburg. KPD, linksradikale Milieus und Widerstand im nördlichen Schleswig-Holstein 1919–1945, Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft für Flensburger Stadtgeschichte. Flensburg: Flensburger Gesellschaft für Stadtgeschichte.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony D. 1987. The ethnic origins of nations. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Thaler, Peter. 2009. Of Mind and Matter: The Duality of National Identity in the German-Danish Borderlands. West Lafayette: Purdue University.Google Scholar
Thomsen, Merete Bo. 2020. Sydslesvig, en dansk fortælling. Sydslesvigsk Forening 1920–2020. Flensborg: Forskningsafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Zahra, Tara. 2010. “Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis.” Slavic Review 69 (1): 93–119. doi: 10.2307/25621730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.11.17, p. 4, “Fornyelsen, der blev til mere snak”Google Scholar
1.20.18, p. 5, “Anders Kring: Brug penge på en strukturundersøgelse”Google Scholar
3.22.18, p. 1, “SSF vil have en sydslesvigsk folkeafstemning”; p. 7, “Mange åbne spørgsmål”Google Scholar
3.29.18, p. 4, “De to sydslesvigske lømler driller igen”Google Scholar
5.4.18, Fokus 1, “Sydslesvig har frie og stærke enkelforeninger”Google Scholar
5.9.18, p. 19, “Brug for et alternativ til Samrådet” (Henry Bohm, chairman SSF Bredstedt)Google Scholar
5.17.18, p. 19, “Brug for noget bedre end Samrådet” (Jens Kring)Google Scholar
5.19.18, p. 7, “Flensborg-ønske om en fælles stemme”Google Scholar
6.5.18. p. 7, “Stadig strid om Samrådets rolle”; ”Toppen skændes, basis enes”Google Scholar
8.23.18, Kontakt p. 4, “Debatten om det postnationale går forbi virkeligheden”Google Scholar
11.9.18, p. 5, “Et Sydslesvig bygget op fra bunden”Google Scholar
12.13.18, p. 1, “SSWs unge vil danne sydslesvigsk ungdomsråd”Google Scholar
1.10.19, Kontakt 8, “Mindretalslivet blomstrer stadigtGoogle Scholar
3.28.19, p. 8, “gør det nu grundigt” (Jens Kring)Google Scholar
4.27.19, p. 21, ”Forandring er nødvendig” (Anke Spoorendonk)Google Scholar
6.4.20, Kontakt p. 2, “Analyse offentliggøres”Google Scholar
6.5.20, p. 6–7, “Intet var tabu, alt kom på bordet”Google Scholar
7.16.20, p. 8–9, “Det røde legohus får de unge med”Google Scholar
7.20.20, p. 8–9, “De savner de varme bånd i Sydslesvig”Google Scholar
7.23.20, p. 8, “Strukturdebatten må for alt i verden ikke ende i skrivebordsskuffen”Google Scholar
7.27.20, p. 8, ”De drømmer om ændrede magtforhold i mindretallet”Google Scholar
7.31.20, p. 8–9, “Nedbryd kongerigerne og byg et nyt”Google Scholar
8.5.20, p. 8, “Det er den tyske kultur der gør os multikulti”Google Scholar
8.8.20. p. 8–9, “Sydslesvig skal være Danmarks kommune nummer 99”Google Scholar
8.12.20, p. 8–9, “Tal med og ikke forbi mindretallet”Google Scholar
8.29.20, p. 20, “– Vi skal videre ad nye veje”Google Scholar
9.2.20, p. 5, “Struktur til debat i Samrådet – Set udefra er I splittede”Google Scholar
9.7.20. p. 3, “Unge ønsker et mere samlet Sydslesvig”Google Scholar
9.15.20, p. 5, “Strukturdebatten kommer først næste år”Google Scholar
9.19.20, p. 28, “Hvad venter I på?” (Jens Andresen, chairman Grænseforeningen)Google Scholar
10.17.20, p. 7, “Ønske om fælles vision møder kritik”Google Scholar
12.31.20, p. 20, “Struktur på strukturdebatten – en nytårshilsen (Christian Jürgensen, chairman Library Association, Jens M. Henriksen, Head of Library)Google Scholar
1.20.21, p. 3, “Skoleforeningen foretrækker en neutral formand”Google Scholar
2.13.21, p. 28, “Sydslesvigs gang om den varme strukturgrød” (Lise Kristensen, journalist and minority member)Google Scholar
4.24.21, p. 8, “22-årig vil være de unges stemme i Samrådet”Google Scholar
6.5.21, p. 6, “Strukturdebat ingen hjertesag for mindretallet”Google Scholar
6.15.21, p. 5, “Et folkevalgt organ bør erstatte Samrådet”Google Scholar
6.17.21, Kontakt 8; 6.19.21, p. 28 “Samråd og Sydslesvigråd” (Henrik Becker-Christensen, historian, Danish Consul General in Flensburg 1998–2017)Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Becker-Christensen, Henrik. 1990. Det tyske mindretal i Nordslesvig 1920–1932. 2 vols. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Berdichevsky, Norman. 1999. The German - Danish border: a successful resolution of an age old conflict or its redefinition? Vol. 2, no. 7. Durham: University of Durham.Google Scholar
Bittlinger, Levke. 2020. Dänischwerden und Dänischsein im Landesteil Schleswig. Zugehörigkeiten und Verortungsprozesse . Edited by Bendix, Regina, Ege, Moritz, Hess, Sabine, Lipp, Carola, and Näser, Torsten, Göttinger Studien zur Kulturanthropologie/Europäischen Ethnologie. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen.Google Scholar
De Boer, Dick E.H., Petersen, Nils Holger, Spierings, Bas, and Van der Velde, Martin. 2020. “The Historical Evolution of Regionalizing Identities in Europe. Introduction.” In The Historical Evolution of Regionalizing Identities in Europe, edited by De Boer, Dick E.H., Petersen, Nils Holger, Spierings, Bas, and Van der Velde, Martin, 9–35. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Fink, Troels. 1979. Da Sønderjylland blev delt. 3 vols. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Fink, Troels. 1995. “Den første streg på kortet - Clausen linjen.” In Grænsen i 75 år, edited by Henrik Becker Christensen, 11–23. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Gat, Azar. 2013. Nations. The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goemans, Piet. 2013. “National Cultural Autonomy: Otto Bauer’s Challenge to Liberal Nationalism.” In The Challenge of Non-territorial Autonomy. Theory and Practice, edited by Nimni, Ephraim, Osippov, Alexander, and Smith, David J., 25–38. Oxford: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Harck, Sten. 2005. “Von Bonn nach Strasbourg. Die Minderheitenrechte der Dänen, Deutschen und Friesen.” In Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland 1045–2005 edited by Jørgen Kühl and Robert Bohn, 324–340. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Henningsen, Lars N., ed. 2009. Sydslesvigs danske historie. Vol. 2. reviderede udgave, Studieafdelingens udgivelser, nr. 62. Flensborg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Henningsen, Lars N., ed. 2011. Zwischen Grenzkampf und Grenzfrieden . Die dänische Minderheit in Schleswig-Holstein in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Flensburg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Henningsen, Lars N., Klatt, Martin, and Kühl, Jørgen. 1998. SSW: dansksindet politik i Sydslesvig 1945–1998, Studieafdelingens udgivelser , nr. 38. Flensborg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Ranger, Terence, eds. 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Houtum, Henk van, Kramsch, Olivier, and Zierhofer, Wolfgang, eds. 2005. B/ordering Space, Border Regions Series. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Hroch, Miroslav. 2005. Das Europa der Nationen. Die moderne Nationalitätenbildung im europäischen Vergleich. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Hughes, William R. A., Megoran, Nick S., and Benwell, Matthew C.. 2020. “The emotional geopolitics of contested peace: the austerity crisis and the Danish minority of South Schleswig.” Territory, Politics, Governance:1–19. doi: 10.1080/21622671.2020.1772862.Google Scholar
Jebsen, Nina, and Klatt, Martin. 2014.“The Negotiation of National and Regional Identity During the Schleswig-Plebiscite Following the First World War.” First World War Studies 5 (2):181–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judson, Pieter M., and Rozenblit, Marsha L., eds. 2005. Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe. New York: Berghahn.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2007. “Fliessende Grenzen in einer Grenzstadt. Sprache, Kultur, gesellschaftlicher Status und nationale Identität im Flensburg des langen 19. Jahrhunderts.” In Grenzregionen. Ein europäischer Vergleich vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, edited by Duhamelle, Christophe, Kossert, Andreas, and Struck, Bernhard, 315–332. New York: Campus.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2012. “Mobile Regions: Competitive Regional Concepts (not only) in the Danish-German Border Region.” In The Border Multiple. The Practice of Borders Between Public Policy and Everyday Life in a Re-Scaling Europe, edited by Andersen, Dorte Jagetic, Klatt, Martin, and Sandberg, Marie, 55–76. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2014. “Minority Schools Financing in the Danish-German Border Region.” European Yearbook of Minority Issues 11 (1): 359–375. doi: 10.1163/22116117-90110053.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2015. “Von der Abgrenzung zur Grenzüberwindung. Die Minderheiten und die Bonn-Kopenhagener Erklärungen als Wendepunkt der deutsch-dänischen Beziehungen?” Grenzfriedenshefte 62 (1): 55–64.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2019. “Mobilization in crisis – demobilization in peace: protagonists of competing national movements in border regions.” Studies on National Movements 4:30.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin. 2020. “Regions in Crisis: The Volatility of Regional Identity in Face of Nationalisation Projects. The Case of Schleswig.” In The Historical Evolution of Regionalizing Identities in Europe, edited by de Boer, Dick E.H., Petersen, Nils Holger, Spierings, Bas, and van der Velde, Martin, 275–306. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Klatt, Martin, and Kühl, Jørgen. 2015. SSW. Die politische Geschichte der dänischen Minderheit 1945–2015. Flensburg: Studieafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2005a. “Ein europäisches Modell? Die schleswigsche Erfahrung und die nationalen Minderheiten.” In Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland 1945–2005, edited by Kühl, Jørgen, Bohn, Robert, Danker, Uwe, Pohl, Karl Heinrich, and Ruck, Michael, 401–507. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen, ed. 2005b. København-Bonn Erklæringerne 1955–2005. De dansk-tyske mindretalserklæringernes baggrund, tilblivelse og virkning. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning – Syddansk Universitet.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2005c. “Nationale Minderheiten im dänisch-deutschen Grenzland – Eine Einführung.” In Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland 1945–2005, edited by Kühl, Jørgen, Bohn, Robert, Danker, Uwe, Pohl, Karl Heinrich, and Ruck, Michael, 9–58. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2012. Mindretalsmodel i krise. Flensburg: Dansk Skoleforening for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen. 2018. “Ihr seid nicht vergessen worden.” Königliche Neujahrsgrüsse 2001–2017 und Vorstellungen von der dänischen Minderheit in Südschleswig.” In Klaar kiming. Festschrift für Thomas Steensen, edited by Kühl, Jørgen, 110–116. Bredstedt/Bräist: Nordfriisk Institut.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen, and Bohn, Robert, eds. 2005. Ein europäisches Modell? Nationale Minderheiten im deutsch–dänischen Grenzland 1945–2005. IZRG-Schriftenreihe. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.Google Scholar
Kühl, Jørgen, and Weller, Marc, eds. 2005. Minority Policy in Action. The Bonn-Copenhagen Declarations in a European Context 1955–2005. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Löfgren, Orvar. 2008. “Regionauts: the Transformation of Cross-Border Regions in Scandinavia.” European Urban and Regional Studies 15 (3):195–209. doi: 10.1177/0969776408090418.Google Scholar
Malloy, Tove H. 2021. “A new research agenda for theorizing non-territorial autonomy?” In Non-Territorial Autonomy and Decentralization. Ethno-Cultural Diversity Governance, edited by Malloy, Tove H. and Salat, Levente, 3–22. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Martinez, Oscar J. 1994. Border People. Life and Society in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. Tucson/London: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Leif Hansen. 1994. “Afvandringen fra Vestslesvig 1860–1900.” Sønderjydske Årbøger.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noack, Johan Peter. 1989. Det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig 1920–1945. 2 vols. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Noack, Johan Peter. 1991. Det sydslesvigske grænsespørgsmål 1945–1947. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
Noack, Johan Peter. 1997. Det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig 1948–1955. Aabenraa: Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.Google Scholar
O’Dell, Thomas. 2003. “Øresund and the Regionauts.” European Studies: A Journal of European Culture, History and Politics 19:31–53.Google Scholar
Schaefer-Rolffs, Adrian, and Knapp, Kai-Uwe. 2015. Dänische Minderheit deutlich grösser als bisher angenommen. Ergebnisse der ersten repräsentativen Erhebung zur dänischen Minderheit im Norden Deutschlands Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar
Schartl, Matthias. 1999. Rote Fahnen über Flensburg. KPD, linksradikale Milieus und Widerstand im nördlichen Schleswig-Holstein 1919–1945, Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft für Flensburger Stadtgeschichte. Flensburg: Flensburger Gesellschaft für Stadtgeschichte.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony D. 1987. The ethnic origins of nations. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Thaler, Peter. 2009. Of Mind and Matter: The Duality of National Identity in the German-Danish Borderlands. West Lafayette: Purdue University.Google Scholar
Thomsen, Merete Bo. 2020. Sydslesvig, en dansk fortælling. Sydslesvigsk Forening 1920–2020. Flensborg: Forskningsafdelingen ved Dansk Centralbibliotek for Sydslesvig.Google Scholar
Zahra, Tara. 2010. “Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis.” Slavic Review 69 (1): 93–119. doi: 10.2307/25621730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar