Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:12:44.330Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Determination of Mix Composition of Concrete Containing Fly Ash Using Gamma Spectrometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2012

Konstantin Kovler  and
Zakhar Prilutsky
Konstantin Kovler
Affiliation:
National Building Research Institute – Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
Zakhar Prilutsky
Affiliation:
National Building Research Institute – Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
Get access

Abstract

The information about concentrations of natural radionuclides in concrete mix and mineral raw materials used for concrete manufacture, supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) including, can be helpful for determination of concrete composition. The paper deals with the novel approach to determine concrete mix composition – using gamma-ray spectrometry.

In order to determine concrete composition, the content of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) was determined in cement, FA and aggregates. Concrete compositions of both fresh and hardened mixes were determined by solving an over-determined system of four algebraic equations. The over-determined system consists of three equations, which represent activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in concrete mix as a function of activity concentrations of the same radionuclides in cement, fly ash and aggregates, and the fourth conditional equation representing a sum of volumetric concentrations of cement, fly ash, aggregates and water in concrete mix as 100%. An over-determined system of linear equations was solved by the method of Lagrange multipliers, which provides a strategy for finding the maxima and minima of a function subject to constraints.

Gamma spectrometry was found very sensitive to the presence of FA in both fresh and hardened concrete, while 232Th activity concentration - well correlated with the FA content in the mixes. On the contrary, accurate determination of the rest of concrete composition was difficult.

Keywords

compositeadditivesradiation effects
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1488: Symposium 7B – Concrete with Smart Additives and Supplementary Cementitious Materials , 2012 , imrc12-1488-7b-042
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

UNSCEAR. (2000). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. UNSCEAR Report to the General Assambly, with scientific annexes. Annex A: Sourses; Annex B: Exposures from natural radiation sources. New York: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations Publications.Google Scholar
Pakou, A. A. and Assimakopolous, P. A. (1994). Technika Chronika, Scientific Journal of the Technical Chamber of Greece, Section A.Google Scholar
Rowbottom, C., Gilboy, W. and Hannant, D. (1997). Determination of cement content of cement blends by using gamma-ray spectroscopy. Cement and Concrete Research, 27(11), 1681–1690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertsekas, D. P. (1996). Constrained Optimization and Lagrange Multiplier Methods. Belmont, Massachusetts: Academic Press. Inc.Google Scholar
Moore, R. E., Kearfott, R. B. and Cloud, M. J. (2009). Introduction to Interval Analysis. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar