Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-l4dxg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-28T22:24:21.903Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Progress in Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Photonics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Phaedon Avouris  and
Richard Martel
Get access

Abstract

In electronics and photonics, intrinsic properties of semiconducting materials play a dominant role in achieving high-performance devices and circuits. In this respect, carbon nanotubes are prime candidates because of their exceptionally high carrier mobility, low capacitance, and strong optical response (direct bandgap). Although these properties compare very favorably with those of crystalline silicon, several issues related to their synthesis, processing, and assembly have challenged efforts for making electronic and photonic devices. Tremendous progress, nevertheless, has been achieved over the years, and much has been learned from novel photonic devices and electronic circuits. We review some of the developments in nanotube transistor performance optimization, ac operation, nanotube circuits, self-assembly, thin-film devices, and nanotube optical devices such as light emitters and detectors. We also examine the issues and opportunities that still exist.

Type
Articles
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 35 , Issue 4: Beyond Silicon: Carbon-Based Nanotechnology , April 2010 , pp. 306 - 313
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Iijima, S., Nature 354, 56 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Jorio, A., Dresselhaus, M., Dresselhaus, G., Eds., Carbon Nanotubes: Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications (Springer, New York, 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Avouris, Ph., MRS Bull. 29, 403 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.O'Connell, M.J., Bachilo, S.M., Huffman, C.B., Moore, V.C., Strano, M.S., Haroz, E.H., Rialon, K.L., et al. Science 297, 593 (2002);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachilo, S.M., Strano, M.S., Kittrell, C., Hauge, R.H., Smalley, R.E., Weisman, R.B.Science 298, 2361 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Misewich, J.A., Martel, R., Avouris, Ph., Tsang, J.C., Heinze, S., Tersoff, J., Science 300, 783 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Avouris, Ph., Phys. Today 62 (1), 34 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Charlier, J.C., Blase, X., Roche, S., Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 677 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Leonard, F., Physics of Carbon Nanotube Devices (William Andrew, New York, 2008).Google Scholar
9.Avouris, Ph., Freitag, M., Perebeinos, V., Nat. Photonics 2, 341 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Avouris, Ph., Chen, Z., Perebeinos, V., Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 805 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Tans, S.J., Verscheuren, A.R.M., Dekker, C., Nature 393, 49 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Martel, R., Schmidt, T., Shea, H., Hertel, T., Avouris, Ph., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2447 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Javey, A., Kim, H., Brink, M., Wangi, Q., Ural, A., Guo, J., McIntire, P., McEuen, P., Lunstrom, M., Dai, H., Nat. Mater. 1, 241 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Zhou, X., Park, J.-Y., Liu, S., McEuen, P., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 146805 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Durkop, T., Getty, S.A., Cobas, E., Fuhrer, M.S., Nano Lett. 4, 35 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Yao, Z., Kane, C.I., Dekker, C., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2941 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Chen, Y., Fuhrer, M.S., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 236803 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Perebeinos, V., Rotkin, S.V., Petrov, A.G., Avouris, Ph., Nano Lett. 9, 312 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Rotkin, S.V., Perebeinos, V., Petrov, A.G., Avouris, Ph., Nano Lett. 9, 1855 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Pop, E., Mann, D., Cao, J., Wang, Q., Goodson, K.E., Dai, H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 155505 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Bushmaker, A.W., Deshpande, V.V., Bockrath, M.W., Cronin, S.B., Nano Lett. 7, 3618 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Oron-Carl, M., Krupke, R., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 127401 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Steiner, M., Freitag, M., Perebeinos, V., Tsang, J.C., Small, J.P., Kinoshita, M., Yuan, D., Liu, J., Avouris, Ph., Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 320 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Leonard, F., J. Tersoff. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (20), 4693 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Martel, R., Derycke, V., Lavoie, C., Appenzeller, J., Chan, K.K., Tersoff, J., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 256805 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Chen, Z.H., Appenzeller, J., Knoch, J., Lin, Y.M., Avouris, Ph., Nano Lett. 5, 1497 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Lin, Y., Appenzeller, J., Chen, Z., Avouris, Ph., Phys. E 37, 72 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Heinze, S., Tersoff, J., Martel, R., Derycke, V., Appenzeller, J., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 106801 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Javey, A., Guo, J., Wang, Q., Lundstrom, M., Dai, H., Nature 424, 654 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Lin, Y.-M., Appenzeller, J., Knoch, J., Avouris, Ph., IEEE Trans. Nanotech. 4, 481 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Kim, W., Javey, A., Vermesh, O., Wang, O., Li, Y.M., Dai, H.J., Nano Lett. 3, 193 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Lee, J.S., Ryu, S., Yoo, K., Choi, I.S., Yun, W.S., Kim, J., J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 12504 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Steiner, M., Freitag, M., Tsang, J.C., Perebeinos, V., Bol, A., Failla, A., Avouris, Ph., Appl. Phys. A 96, 271 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Aguirre, C.M., Levesque, P.L., Paillet, M., Lapointe, F., St-Antoine, B.C., Desjardins, P., Martel, R., Adv. Mater. 21, 3087 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Wind, S., Appenzeller, J., Martel, R., Derycke, V., Avouris, Ph., Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3817 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Javey, A., Guo, J., Farmer, D.B., Wang, Q., Yenilmez, E., Gordon, R.G., Lundstrom, M., Dai, H., Nano Lett. 4, 1319 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Javey, A., Guo, J., Farmer, D.B., Wang, Q., Wang, D.W., Gordon, R.G., Lundstrom, M., Dai, H.J., Nano Lett. 4, 447 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Wind, S., Appenzeller, J., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 058301 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Chen, Z., Farmer, D., Xu, S., Gordon, R., Avouris, Ph., Appenzeller, J., IEEE Electron Device Lett. 29, 183 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Appenzeller, J., Lin, Y.M., Knoch, J., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 196805 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Radosavljevic, M., Appnenzeller, J., Avouris, Ph., Knock, J., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3693 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Javey, A., Tu, R., Farmer, D., Guo, J., Gordon, R.G., Dai, H.J., Nano Lett. 5, 345 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Seidel, R.V., Graham, A., Kretz, J., Rajasekharan, B., Duesberg, G., Liebau, M., Unger, E., Kreupl, F., Hoenlein, W., Nano Lett. 5 (1), 147 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Franklin, A.D., Tulevski, G., Hannon, J.B., Chen, Z., Proc. IEDM (December 2009).Google Scholar
45.Hersam, M., Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 387 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Moshammer, K., Hennrich, F., Kappes, M.M., Nano Res. 2, 599 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Zheng, M., Jagota, A., Semke, E.D., Diner, B.A., Mclean, R.S., Lustig, S.R., Richardson, R.E., Tassi, N.G., Nat. Mater. 2, 338 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Tanaka, T., Jin, H.H., Miyata, Y., Kataura, H., Appl. Phys. Express 1, 114001 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Snow, E., Novak, J.P., Campbell, P.M., Park, D., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2145 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Kumar, S., Murthy, J.Y., Alam, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 066802 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51.Cao, Q., Rogers, J.A.. Adv. Mater. 21 (1), 29 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Cao, Q., Kim, H.-S., Pimparkar, N., Kulkarni, J.P., Wang, C., Shim, M., Roy, K., Alam, M.A., Rogers, J.A., Nature 454, 495 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Pimparkar, N., Cao, Q., Rogers, J.A., Alam, M.A., Nano Res. 2, 167 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54.Zhang, L., Zaric, S., Tu, X., Wang, X., Zhao, W., Dai, H., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 2685 (2008).Google Scholar
55.Engel, M., Small, J.P., Steiner, M., Freitag, M., Green, A.A., Hersam, M.C., Avouris, Ph., ACS Nano, 2 (12), 2445 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56.Leonard, F., Nanotechnology 17, 2381 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Solomon, P.M., Ed., Carbon-Nanotube Solutions for the Post-CMOS-Scaling World. Future Trends in Microelectronics: Up the Nano Creek, Luryi, S., Xu, J.M., Zaslavsky, A., Eds. (Wiley, New York, 2007), pp. 212–223.Google Scholar
58.Frank, D.J., Appenzeller, J., IEEE Electron Device Lett. 25, 34 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.Rosenblatt, S., Lin, H., Sazonova, V., Tiwari, S., McEuen, P.L., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 15311 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Chen, J., Klinke, C., Afzali, A., Avouris, Ph., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 123108 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Kocabas, C., Dunham, S., Cao, Q., Cimino, K., Ho, X., Kim, H., Dawson, D., Payne, J., Stuenkel, M., Zhang, H., Banks, T., Feng, M., Rotkin, S.V., Rogers, J.A., Nano Lett. 9, 1943 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Nougaret, L., Happy, H., Dambrine, G., Derycke, V., Bourgoin, J.P., Green, A., Hersam, M.C., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 243505 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63.Kocabas, C., Kim, H., Banks, T., Rogers, J.A., Pesetski, A., Baumgardner, J., Krishnaswamy, S., Zhang, H., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 1405 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Kienle, D., F. Leonard. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 026601 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65.Chen, Z., Appenzeller, J., Lin, Y., Sippel-Oakley, J., Rinzler, A., Tang, J., Wind, S.J., Solomon, P.M., Avouris, Ph., Science 311, 1735 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66.Leonard, F., Tersoff, J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5174 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67.Chen, Z., Appenzeller, J., Solomon, P.M., Lin, Y.M., Avouris, Ph., Proc. IEEE-ISSCC 68 (2007).Google Scholar
68.Ando, T.J., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66, 1066 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Spataru, C.D., Ismael-Beigi, S., Benedict, L.X., Louie, S.G., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 077402 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70.Perebeinos, V., Tersoff, J., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 257402 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71.Wang, F., Dukovic, G., Brus, L.E., Heinz, T.F., Science 308, 838 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72.Maultzsch, J., Pomraenke, R., Reich, S., Chang, E., Prezzi, D., Ruini, A., Molinari, E., Strano, M.S., Thomsen, C., Lienau, C., Phys. Rev. B 72, 241402 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73.Dukovic, G., Wang, F., Song, D.H., Sfeir, M.Y., Heinz, T.F., Brus, L.E., Nano Lett. 5, 2314 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74.Freitag, M., Chen, J., Tersoff, J., Tsang, J.C., Fu, Q., Liu, J., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 076803 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75.Zaumseil, J., Ho, X., Guest, J.R., Wiederrecht, G.P., Rogers, J.A., ACS Nano 3, 2225 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
76.Chen, J., Perebeinos, V., Freitag, M., Tsang, J.C., Fu, Q., Liu, J., Avouris, Ph., Science 310, 1171 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77.Marty, L., Adam, E., Albert, L., Doyon, R., Menard, D., Martel, R., Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 136803 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
78.Perebeinos, V., Avouris, Ph., Phys. Rev. B 74, 121410(R) (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79.Freitag, M., Steiner, M., Naumov, A., Small, J.P., Bol, A.A., Perebeinos, V., Avouris, Ph., ACS Nano 3, 3744 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80.Adam, E., Aguirre, C.M., Marty, L., St-Antoine, B.C., Meunier, F., Desjardins, P., Menard, D., Martel, R., Nano Lett. 8, 2351 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81.Xia, F., Mueller, T., Lin, Y.-M., Valdes-Garcia, A., Avouris, Ph., Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 609 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82.Mueller, T., Kinoshita, M., Steiner, M., Perebeinos, V., Bol, A.A., Farmer, D.B., Avouris, Ph., Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 27 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83.Freitag, M., Martin, Y., Misewich, J.A., Martel, R., Avouris, Ph., Nano Lett. 3, 1067 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84.Freitag, M., Tsang, J.C., Bol, A., Yuan, D., Liu, J., Avouris, Ph., Nano Lett. 7, 2037 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85.Lee, E.J.H., Balasubramanian, K., Dorfmuller, J., Vogelgesang, R., Fu, N., Mews, A., Burghard, M., Kern, K., Small 3, 2038 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
86.Ahn, Y.H., Tsen, A.W., Kim, B., Park, Y.W., Park, J., Nano Lett. 7, 3320 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87.Lee, J.U., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 073101 (2005);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.U., Codella, P.J., Pietrzykowski, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 053103 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88.Gabor, N., Zhong, Z., Bosnick, K., Park, J.Y., McEuen, P., Science 325, 1367 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
89.Chen, C., Lu, Y., Kong, E.S., Zhang, Y., Lee, S.T., Small 4, 1313 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar