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Metallic composites processed via extreme deformation: Toward the limits of strength in bulk materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Dierk Raabe ,
Pyuck-Pa Choi ,
Yujiao Li ,
Aleksander Kostka ,
Xavier Sauvage ,
Florence Lecouturier ,
Kazuhiro Hono ,
Reiner Kirchheim ,
Reinhard Pippan  and
David Embury
Dierk Raabe
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected]
Pyuck-Pa Choi
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected]
Yujiao Li
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected]
Aleksander Kostka
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected]
Xavier Sauvage
Affiliation:
Institut de Physique at the University of Rouen, France; [email protected]
Florence Lecouturier
Affiliation:
Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses at CNRS, Toulouse, France, [email protected]
Kazuhiro Hono
Affiliation:
National Institute for Materials Science in Sengen, Tsukuba, Japan; [email protected]
Reiner Kirchheim
Affiliation:
Materials Physics Institute at the University of Göttingen; [email protected]
Reinhard Pippan
Affiliation:
Erich Schmid Institute in Leoben, Austria; [email protected]
David Embury
Affiliation:
McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; [email protected]
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Abstract

We review microstructures and properties of metal matrix composites produced by severe plastic deformation of multiphase alloys. Typical processings are wire drawing, ball milling, roll bonding, equal-channel angular extrusion, and high-pressure torsion of multiphase materials. Similar phenomena occur between solids in frictional contact such as in tribology, friction stir welding, and explosive joining. The resulting compounds are characterized by very high interface and dislocation density, chemical mixing, and atomic-scale structural transitions at heterointerfaces. Upon straining, the phases form into nanoscaled filaments. This leads to enormous strengthening combined with good ductility, as in damascene steels or pearlitic wires, which are among the strongest nanostructured bulk materials available today (tensile strength above 6 GPa). Similar materials are Cu-Nb and Cu-Ag composites, which also have good electrical conductivity that qualifies them for use in high-field magnets. Beyond the engineering opportunities, there are also exciting fundamental questions. They relate to the nature of the complex dislocation, amorphization, and mechanical alloying mechanisms upon straining and their relationship to the enormous strength. Studying these mechanisms is enabled by mature atomic-scale characterization and simulation methods. A better understanding of the extreme strength in these materials also provides insight into modern alloy design based on complex solid solution phenomena.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 35 , Issue 12: Structural Metals at Extremes , December 2010 , pp. 982 - 991
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

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