Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T10:24:40.822Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Membranes in Desalination and Water Treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Get access

Abstract

Membrane techniques for water treatment have been growing significantly for the last decade. Reverse osmosis, for example, is the leading seawater desalination technique. Nanofiltration membranes are used more and more for hardness removal and even to desalinate slightly polluted waters. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes are used extensively mainly as membrane bioreactors in wastewater recovery. While this trend is growing, the membranes still may be improved significantly, based on new materials designed to increase the flux of water through the membranes at reduced pressures while maintaining or even improving the rejection of dissolved matter or suspended matter. Better membranes will reduce energy consumption while maintaining affordable separation properties.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Petersen, R.J., Cadotte, J.E., Handbook of Industrial Membrane Technology (Noyes Publication, Park Ridge, NJ, 1990) p. 307.Google Scholar
2.Allegrezza, A.E. Jr, Reverse Osmosis Technology: Application for High-Pure-Water Production, Parekh, B.S., Ed. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988) p. 53.Google Scholar
3.Lloyd, D.R., ACS Symposium Series 269, 273 (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1985).Google Scholar
4.Bhattacharyya, D., Williams, M.E., Ray, R.J., McCray, S.B., Membrane Handbook, Ho, W.S.W., Sirkar, K.K., Eds., (Van strand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1992) p. 281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Petersen, R.J., J. Membr. Sci. 83, 81 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Conlon, W.J., McClellan, S.A., J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 81 (11), 47 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Naaktgeboren, A.J., Snijiders, G.J., Gons, J., Desalination 68, 223 (1988).Google Scholar
8.Matsuura, M., Souririjan, S., Eds., Advances in Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration (National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1989).Google Scholar
9.Rozelle, L.T., Cadotte, J.E., Nelson, B.R., Kopp, C.V., Appl. Polym. Symp. 22, 223 (1973).Google Scholar
10.Cadotte, J.E., King, R.S., Majerle, R.J., Petersen, R.J., J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A-15, 727 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Hou, T., Dong, S., Zheng, L., Desalination 83, 343 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Cabasso, I., Klein, E., Smith, J.K., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 21, 165 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Cadotte, J.E., King, R.S., Majerle, R.J., Petersen, R.J., J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A-15, 727 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Sundet, S.A., U.S. Patent 5,015,382 (May 14, 1991).Google Scholar
15.Belfer, S., Purinson, Y., Fainshtein, R., Radchenko, Y., Kedem, O., J. Membr. Sci. 139, 175 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Freger, V., Gilron, J., Belfer, S., J. Membrane Sci. 209, 283 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Eisen, M.S., Semiat, R., Vainrot, N., “Novel Membranes for Reverse Osmosis, Nano - filtration and Ultrafiltration,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60,956,843 (August 2007).Google Scholar