Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:34:57.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fundamental Properties of Intermetallic Compounds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

Morihiko Nakamura
Get access

Extract

More than 25 years have passed since Intermetallic Compounds, edited by Westbrook, was published. Since that time, enormous advances have been made in the understanding and usage of intermetallic compounds. It is known that intermetallic compounds are generally brittle. Thus, alloys that contain intermetallics may also be brittle. However, many intermetallic compounds are known to have extraordinary functions and characteristics that are not observed in ordinary metals and alloys. Thus, they function as magnetic materials, superconductors, semiconductors, hydrogen absorbing alloys, shape memory alloys, and so on.

Many high-strength structural alloys like maraging steels and duralumins are strengthened by fine precipitates of intermetallic phases. Nickel-based superalloys, which are used for airplane-engine parts, contain 60-70% of Ni3Al-based intermetallics by volume fraction and exhibit high strength at high temperatures. Hard metals, which are used for cutting tools, are composed of a large amount of hard but brittle intermetallics like WC and a small amount of ductile cobalt. Intermetallic compounds like TiAl are also investigated for their applications as structural materials where high strength at high temperatures is required.

In a strict sense, intermetallic compounds are composed of two or more metallic elements. In a wider sense, they are composed of metallic and/or semimetallic elements. Each is characterized by an ordered arrangement of two or more kinds of atoms, that is, the formation of a superlattice, and have various kinds of interatomic bonding, ranging from metallic to covalent or ionic bonding. The ordering of atoms and the strong interatomic bonding result in many attractive properties for intermetallic compounds.

Type
Technical Features
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 20 , Issue 8 , August 1995 , pp. 33 - 39
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Westbrook, J.H., ed., Intermetallic Compounds (J. Wiley, New York, 1967).Google Scholar
2.Westbrook, J.H. and Fleischer, R.L., eds., Intermetallic Compounds—Principles and Practice (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1995).Google Scholar
3.Nakamura, M., in Intermetallic Compounds—Principles and Practice, vol. 1, edited by Westbrook, J.H. and Fleischer, R.L. (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1995) p. 873.Google Scholar
4.Leamy, H.L., Gibson, E.D., and Kayser, F.X., Acta Metall. 15 (1967) p. 1,827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Siegel, S., Phys. Rev. 57 (1940) p. 537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Guillet, L. and Le Reoux, R., in Intermetallic Compounds, edited by Westbrook, J.H. (J. Wiley, New York, 1967) p. 453.Google Scholar
7.Schlitz, R.J. Jr. and Smith, J.F., J. Appl. Phys. 45 (1974) p. 4,681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Klimker, H., Dariel, M.P., and Rosen, M., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 40 (1979) p. 195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Klimker, H., Rosen, M., Dariel, M.P., and Atzmony, U., Phys. Rev. B10 (1974) p. 2,968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Rosen, M., Klimker, H., Atzmony, U., and Dariel, M.P., Phys. Rev. B8 (1973) p. 2,326.Google Scholar
11.Fleischer, R.L., in Proc. Int. Symp. on Intermetallic Compounds (JIMIS-6), edited by Izumi, O. (Japan Institute of Metals, 1991) p. 157.Google Scholar
12.Skinner, D.J. and Zedalis, M., Scripta Metall. 22 (1988) p. 1,783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Kouvel, J.S., in Intermetallic Compounds—Principles and Practice, vol. 1, edited by Westbrook, J.H. and Fleischer, R.L. (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1995) p. 935.Google Scholar
14.Heusler, F., Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 5 (1903) p. 219.Google Scholar
15.Heusler, F., Z. Angew. Chem. 17 (1904) p. 260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Kono, H., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 13 (1958) p. 1,444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Bacon, G.E., Proc. Phys. Soc. 79 (1962) p. 938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Bacon, G.E. and Street, R., Proc. Phys. Soc. 72 (1958) p. 470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Cable, W., Koehler, W.C., and Wollan, E.O., Phys. Rev. 136 (1964) p. A240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Wilkinson, M.K., Gingrich, N.S., and Shull, C.G., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2 (1957) p. 289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Kouvel, J.S. and Kasper, J.S, Proc. Int. Conf. Magn. (Nottingham Institute of Physics, London, 1964) p. 169.Google Scholar
22.Said, M.R., Kouvel, J.S., and Brun, T.O., J. Appl. Phys. 63 (1988) p. 4,340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Said, M.R., Kouvel, J.S., and Brun, T.O., J. Appl. Phys. 67 (1990) p. 5,961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Braunovi, M., in Intermetallic Compounds—Principles and Practice, vol. 1, edited by Westbrook, J.H. and Fleischer, R.L. (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1995) p. 941.Google Scholar
25.Cadeville, M.C., Pierron-Bohnes, V., and Sanchez, J.M., J. Phys. C/Condens. Matter 4 (1992) p. 9,053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Phillips, V.A., Acta Metall. 9 (1961) p. 876.Google Scholar
27.Levin, E.M., Bodak, O.I., Gladyshevskii, E.I., and Sinyushko, V.G., Phys. Stat. Solidi A 134 (1992) p. 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Roberts, B.W., in Intermetallic Compounds, edited by Westbrook, J.H. (J. Wiley, New York, 1967) p. 501.Google Scholar
29.Ikeda, K. and Nakamichi, T., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 39 (1975) p. 963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.White, G.K., in Intermetallic Compounds — Principles and Practice, vol. 1, edited by Westbrook, J.H. and Fleischer, R.L. (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichestr, U.K., 1995) p. 1,017.Google Scholar
31.Moser, H., Phys. Z. 37 (1936) p. 737.Google Scholar
32.Touloukian, Y.S. and Buyco, E.H., in Specific Heats of Metallic Elements and Alloys and Specific Heats of Non-Metallic Solids, vol. 4 (Plenum Press, New York, 1970).Google Scholar
33.Martin, D.L., Can. J. Phys. 46 (1968) p. 923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Mountfield, K.R. and Rayne, J.A., Proceedings LT-17, edited by Eckern, V., Schmidt, A., Weber, W., and Wuhl, H. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984) p. 1,387.Google Scholar
35.Touloukian, Y.S., Kirby, R.K., Taylor, R.E., and Desai, P.D., in Thermal Expansion: Metallic Elements and Alloys, vol. 12 (Plenum Press, New York, 1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.White, G.K. and Rayne, J.A., Cryogenics 32 (1992) p. 412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Williams, R.K., Graves, R.S., Weaver, F.J. Jr., and McElroy, D.L., in High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys, edited by Koch, C.C., Liu, C.T., and Stoloff, N.S. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 39, Pittsburgh, 1985) p. 505.Google Scholar
38.Barron, T.H.K., Collins, J.G., and White, G.K., Adv. Phys. 29 (1980) p. 609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.White, G.K., Collins, J.G., and Schirber, J.E., Aust. J. Phys. 43 (1990) p. 93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Darolia, R., J. Metals 43 (1991) p. 44.Google Scholar