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The Perennial Fear of Foreign Bodies

Part of: Forum: Nation of Immigrants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2018

Alan M. Kraut
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Abstract

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Keywords

Progressive EraMigration, Emigration, and ImmigrationHealth and MedicinePost-1945Race and Ethnicity
Type
Forum: Nation of Immigrants
Information
Modern American History , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , March 2019 , pp. 53 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Cambridge University Press 

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References

1 Kraut, Alan M., Silent Travelers, Germs , Genes, and the “Immigrant Menace” (New York, 1994), 256Google Scholar.

2 Kraut, Silent Travelers, 206–8. See also, Kraut, Alan M. and Kraut, Deborah A., Covenant of Care: Newark Beth Israel and the Jewish Hospital in America (New Brunswick, NJ, 2007), 1–6Google Scholar.

3 22 Stat. 214; 8 United States Code.

4 Kraut, Silent Travelers, 66. See also Fairchild, Amy L., Science at the Borders, Immigrant Medical Inspection and the Shaping of the Modern Industrial Labor Force (Baltimore, 2003)Google Scholar. On disability rejections, see Baynton, Douglas C., Defectives in the Land: Disability and Immigration in the Age of Eugenics (Chicago, 2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Rosenberg, Charles E., “What Is an Epidemic? AIDS in Historical Perspective” and “Explaining Epidemics” in Explaining Epidemics and Other Studies in the History of Medicine, ed. Rosenberg, Charles E. (New York, 1992), 278–92 and 293–304CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 Rosenberg, Charles E., The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866 (Chicago, 1962), 137–8Google Scholar.

7 Stern, Alexandra Minna, “Buildings, Boundaries and Blood: Medicalization and Nation-Building on the U.S.-Mexico Border,” The Hispanic Historical Review 79 (February 1999): 41–81Google ScholarPubMed. See also, McKiernan-González, John, Fevered Measures: Public Health and Race at the Texas-Mexico Border, 1848–1942 (Durham, NC, 2012), 165–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8 Emerson, Haven, A Monograph on the Epidemic of Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis) in New York City in 1916 (New York, 1917)Google Scholar. See also, Rogers, Naomi, Dirt and Disease: Polio Before FDR (New Brunswick, NJ, 1992), 41–2, 47Google Scholar.

9 Kraut, Alan M., “Immigration, Ethnicity, and the Pandemic,” in “The 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic in the United States,” Public Health Reports, 125, Supplement 3 (Apr. 2010): 123–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar, here 125–6.

10 Ross, Edward Alsworth, The Old World in the New: The Significance of Past and Present Immigration to the American People (New York, 1914)Google Scholar.

11 Ibid., 285–6.

12 Sean McMahon, H., Social Control & Public Intellect: The Legacy of Edward A. Ross (New Brunswick, NJ, 1999), 13–25Google Scholar.

13 Ross, The Old World in the New, 139.

14 Ibid., 139; McMahon, Social Control and Public Intellect, 13–25.

15 Grant, Madison, The Passing of the Great Race, or the Racial Basis of European History (New York, 1916), 14–6Google Scholar.

16 Kraut, Silent Travelers, 1–3, 260–1.

17 Iris Chang, “Fear of SARS, Fear of Strangers,” New York Times, May 1, 2003, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/21/opinion/fear-of-sars-fear-of-strangers.html (accessed June 1, 2018); Muzaffar Chisti, Faye Hipsman, and Sarah Pierce, “Ebola Outbreak Rekindles Debate on Restricting Admissions to the United States on Health Grounds,” Migration Information Source, Migration Policy Institute, Oct. 23, 2014, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/ebola-outbreak-rekindles-debate-restricting-admissions-united-states-health-grounds; Eric D. Carter, “When Outbreaks Go Global: Migration and Public Health in a Time of Zika,” Migration Information Source, Migration Policy Institute, July 7, 2016, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/when-outbreaks-go-global-migration-and-public health-time-zika (accessed June 1, 2018). See also, McNeil, Donald G. Jr., ZIKA: The Emerging Epidemic (New York, 2016)Google Scholar.

18 Ashley Fantz and Ben Brumfeld, “More Than Half the Nation's Governors Say Syrian Refugees Not Welcome,” CNN, Nov.19, 2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/16/world/paris-attacks-syrian-refugees-backlash/index.html (accessed June 1, 2018).

19 Sabrina Tavernise, “The Health Toll of Immigration,” New York Times, May 18, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/health/the-health-toll-of-immigration.html (accessed June 1, 2018). The use of public health to define Mexicans as unfit to be Americans is treated by Molina, Natalia, Fit to Be Citizens? Public Health and Race in Los Angeles, 1897–1939 (Berkeley, CA, 2006)Google Scholar and McKiernan-González, Fevered Measures.

20 Kristen McCabe, “Foreign-Born Health Care Workers in the United States,” Migration Information Source, June 27, 2012, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/foreign-born-health-care-workers-united-states (accessed June 1, 2018).

21 Ibid.

22 Choy, Catherine Ceniza, Empire of Care: Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History (Durham, NC, 2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

23 Christian Science Monitor as quoted in Ngai, Mae M., Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton, NJ, 2004), 260Google Scholar.

24 McCabe, “Foreign-Born Health Care Workers in the United States,” 6.

25 Melissa Bailey, “Immigrant Caregivers Face Uncertainty,” Washington Post, Mar. 25, 2018, A3.