Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 October 2008
H. Läuchli (9) constructed, within a model of a weak form of set theory, an algebraic closure L of the field Q of rationals which had no real-closed subfield. Läuchli's construction is easily transferred to a model N of ZF (= Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of Choice), and it follows at once that neither of the two following statements is provable from ZF alone:
Every algebraic closure of Q has a real-closed subfield. (1)
There is, up to isomorphism, at most one algebraic closure of Q. (2)