Contemporary business and management research in China has advanced rapidly, making significant strides in the introduction of theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, local theory development, and practical applications. Much of this research continues to draw on Western theories, and since the reform and opening up, Chinese management research has evolved through distinct stages of globalization and localization. Today, it faces new challenges amid anti-globalization trends. At this critical juncture, the key question is whether China should continue integrating Western theories or capitalize on the opportunity to develop indigenous management theories. This paper explores the differences in scientific development concepts and focuses between China and the West, the historical trajectory of Chinese management research, and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. To enhance China's contribution to global management research, we propose that it is essential to sustain international collaboration, deepen understanding of frontline enterprise practices, promote micro-level research and interpretation with Chinese characteristics, and cultivate an open academic community, while optimizing the research evaluation system.