Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T13:03:37.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Caloplaca holocarpa group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2009

Ulf ARUP
Ulf ARUP
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Östra Vallagatan 18, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Caloplaca holocarpa group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland, is defined genetically using the nrlTS DNA gene. The members are analysed with regard to morphology, anatomy, ecology, and chemistry. The results show that C. holocarpa seems to be a very small group, but there are many morphologically similar species outside the group. Within the group several species have been confused, but it is shown that C. holocarpa, C. pyracea, and C. vitellinula are separate taxa. Caloplaca cerinella also belongs to the group whereas C. cerinelloides does not, but is included in the treatment because of its similarity to the former species. Caloplaca lithophila H. Magn. is a synonym of either C. holocarpa or C. vitellinula, most probably of the latter. Many specimens determined to C. holocarpa belong to Caloplaca oasis, but this species is shown to have much more variable morphology and wider ecology and distribution than previously understood. Caloplaca oasis has also been confused with C. polycarpa, which is similar, but morphologically and genetically distinct, even though related. Neither of the two species belong to the C. holocarpa group, but are related to the C. citrina group, not to the C. velana group as usually believed. Other species from northern and central Europe similar to C. holocarpa belong in other groups. The treated species are described and illustrated in colour. Distribution maps are given for the study area. A key to species in northern Europe similar to C. holocarpa is also provided.

Keywords

DNAITSkeylichenmolecularphylogenyScandinavia
Type
Research Article
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , March 2009 , pp. 111 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acharius, E.(1798) Lichenographiae Suecicae Prodromus. Linköping.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acharius, E.(1803) Methodus Lichenum. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Arup, U. (1994) The genus Caloplaca on seashore rocks in eastern North America. Bryologist 97: 377–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arup, U. (2006) A new taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland. Lichenologist 38: 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clauzade, G. & Roux, C. (1985) Likenoj de Okcidenta Europo. Ilustrita Determinlibro. Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Centre-Quest, Nouvelle Série Numero Special 7: 1–893.Google Scholar
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application for the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaya, E. (2005) Revisió morfològica i molecular dels tàxons lobulats del gènere Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae, Liquens), amb especial èmfasi en el grup de C. saxicola. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Barcelona.Google Scholar
Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Søchting, U. (1987) Die Rechtengattung Caloplaca in Grønland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Biosciense 25: 1–52.Google Scholar
Magnusson, A. H. (1946) Lichens from Lycksele Lappmark and adjacent parts of Norway. Arkiv för Botanik 33A(1): 1–146Google Scholar
Nimis, P. L. (1993) The Lichens of Italy. Turin: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali.Google Scholar
Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (Eds) (1992) The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Santesson, R. (1984) The Lichens of Sweden and Norway. Stockholm and Uppsala.Google Scholar
Santesson, R. (1993) The Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of Sweden and Norway. Lund: SBT-forlaget.Google Scholar
Santesson, R., Moberg, R., Nordin, A., Tønsberg, T. & Vitikainen, O. (2004) Lichen-forming and Lichenicolous Fungi of Fennoscandia. Uppsala: Museum of Evolution.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1997) Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 68: 135–144.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. (1989) Lignicolous species of the lichen genus Caloplaca from Svalbard. Opera Botanica 100: 241–257.Google Scholar
Søchting, U. & Stordeur, R. (2001) Caloplaca thuringiaca sp. nov., a species from the Caloplaca holocarpa complex. Lichenologist 33: 467–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Søchting, U., Lorentsen, L. B. & Arup, U. (2008) The genus Caloplaca (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) on Svalbard. Notes and additions. Nova Hedwigia 87: 69–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D. L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Wade, A. E. (1965) The genus Caloplaca Th. Fr. in the British Isles. Lichenologist 3: 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westberg, M., Arup, U. & Kärnefelt, I. (2007) Phylogenetic studies in the Candelariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) based on nuclear ITS DNA sequence data. Mycological Research 111: 1277–1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications (Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J. & White, T. J., eds): 315–322. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wirth, V. (1995) Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs. Stuttgart: Ulmer.Google Scholar