Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T23:07:59.875Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Federalism and Legal Process: Historical and Contemporary Analysis of the American System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2024

Harry N. Scheiber
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Whether federalism is more than a legal fiction is a question that generates considerable controversy among scholars in law and the social sciences. Historians of nineteenth-century American federalism have differed about the workings of the federal system in the era characterized as “dual federalism.” This article provides an analysis of these controversies and offers a theoretical position on the problem of real power under federalism. The historical literature, it is argued, provides legal scholars and social scientists with abundant data on the reach, diversity, and effects of governmental action in the different historical epochs of American federalism. The relationship of federalism in the United States to political freedom, governmental performance and efficiency, and the formation of public policy all receive attention.

Type
Research Article
Information
Law & Society Review , Volume 14 , Issue 3: Contemporary Issues in Law and Social Science , Spring 1980 , pp. 663 - 722
Copyright
Copyright © 1980 Law and Society Association.

Footnotes

The author is grateful to Richard Abel for instructive criticism and suggestions at several stages of the work, and to Michael Parrish, Samuel Beer, Harold Hyman, and Lawrence M. Friedman, all of whom generously shared ideas but bear no responsibility for what is said here.

References

ABRAHAM, Henry (1976) “Effectiveness of Governmental Operations,” 426 Annals 81.Google Scholar
ADRIAN, Charles R. and Charles, PRESS (1964) “Why Our State Governments are Sick,” 24 Antioch Review 165.Google Scholar
ADVISORY COMMISSION ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS (1979) “Government UnLocked: Political Constraints on Federal Growth” [unpublished manuscript scheduled for 1980 publication].Google Scholar
ALARCON, Arthur L. (1979) “California Constitution and the Federal Courts,” in Law and California Society: 100 Years of the State Constitution. San Diego, Calif.: The San Diego Union and the University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
AMERICAN CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW (1976) “Note: State Constitutional Guarantees as Adequate State Ground: Supreme Court Review and Problems of Federalism,” 13 American Criminal Law Review 737.Google Scholar
ANDERSON, William (1955) The Nation and the States. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
ANDERSON, William (1960) Intergovernmental Relations in Review. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
ARONS, Stephen and Ethan, KATSH (1975) “Reclaiming the Fourth Amendment in Massachusetts,” 2 Civil Liberties Review 82.Google Scholar
BAKER, Stewart A. (1977) “Federalism and the Eleventh Amendment,” 48 University of Colorado Law Review 139.Google Scholar
BAKKEN, Gordon M. (1970) “The Impact of the Colorado State Constitution on Rocky Mountain Constitution-Making,” 47 Colorado Magazine of History 152.Google Scholar
BEAM, David (1979) “The Accidental Leviathan: Was the Growth of Government a Mistake?” 5 (4) Intergovernmental Perspective 12.Google Scholar
BEARD, Charles A. (1913) An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
BEARD, Charles A. and William, BEARD (1930) The American Leviathan: The Republic in the Machine Age. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
BECKER, Theodore L. and Malcolm M., FEELEY (1973) The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions, 2d Ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
BEER, Samuel (1973) “The Modernization of American Federalism,” 3 Publius 75.Google Scholar
BEER, Samuel (1977) “Political Overload and Federalism,” 10 Polity 5.Google Scholar
BEER, Samuel (1978) “Federalism, Nationalism, and Democracy in America,” 72 American Political Science Review 9.Google Scholar
BENSON, George CS. (1965) “Trends in Intergovernmental Relations,” 359 The Annals 1.Google Scholar
BERLE, Adolph A. Jr. (1955) “Evolving Capitalism and Political Federalism,” in Macmahon (1955).Google Scholar
BESTOR, Arthur (1964) “The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis,” 69 American Historical Review 327. Reprinted in Friedman, L. and Scheiber, H. (eds.) (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BETH, Loren (1971) The Development of the American Constitution 1877-1917. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
BICKEL, Alexander (1970) The Supreme Court and the Idea of Progress. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
BLOCH, Frank S. (1979) “Cooperative Federalism and the Role of Litigation in the Development of Federal AFDC Eligibility Policy,” 1979 Wisconsin Law Review 1.Google Scholar
BRAEMAN, John, Robert H., BREMNER and David, BRODY (eds.) (1975) The New Deal: The State and Local Levels. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press.Google Scholar
BRENNAN, William (1977) “State Constitutions and the Protection of Individual Rights,” 90 Harvard Law Review 489.Google Scholar
BRETON, Albert and Anthony, SCOTT (1978) The Economic Constitution of Federal States. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRODER, David S. (1974) “A New States' Rights Battle,” Los Angeles Times, November 27, 1974, part ii, p. 5.Google Scholar
BRODER, David S. (1978) “Canniness of the Long-Distance Runner,” 241 (1) The Atlantic 35.Google Scholar
BROWN, George D. (1977) “Beyond the New Federalism—Revenue Sharing in Perspective,” 15 Harvard Journal on Legislation 1.Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, Alan K. (1965) “National-State-Local Systems of Government and Intergovernmental Aid,” 359 The Annals 94.Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, Stanley W. (1970) The Slave Catchers: Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law, 1850-1860. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
CAREY, Hugh L. (1977) “Pulling Together,” New York Times, Feb. 14, 1977, p. 27.Google Scholar
CARY, William A. (1974) “Federalism and Corporate Law: Reflections upon Delaware,” 83 Yale Law Journal 663.Google Scholar
CHOPER, Jesse H. (1977) “The Scope of National Power Vis-à-Vis the States: The Dispensability of Judicial Review,” 86 Yale Law Journal 1552.Google Scholar
CLARK, Jane Perry (1938) The Rise of a New Federalism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
COCHRAN, Thomas C. (1975) “The Paradox of American Economic Growth,” 61 Journal of American History 925.Google Scholar
COLEMAN, Peter (1974) Debtors and Creditors in America: Insolvency, Imprisonment for Debt, and Bankruptcy, 1607-1900. Madison, Wis.: State Historical Society of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
CORWIN, Edward S. (1950) “The Passing of Dual Federalism,” 36 Virginia Law Review 1.Google Scholar
CRENSON, Matthew A. (1975) The Federal Machine: Beginnings of Bureaucracy in Jacksonian America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
DAVIS, Lance E. and John, LEGLER (1966) “The Government in the American Economy, 1815-1902: A Quantitative Study,” 26 Journal of Economic History 514.Google Scholar
DAVIS, Rufus (1955) “The ‘Federal Principle’ Reconsidered: Part I,” 1 Australian Journal of Politics and History 59.Google Scholar
DAVIS, Rufus (1978) The Federal Principle: A Journey Through Time in Quest of Meaning. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DERTHICK, Martha (1970) The Influence of Federal Grants: Public Assistance in Massachusetts. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DERTHICK, Martha (1974) Between State and Nation: Regional Organizations of the U.S. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
DIAMOND, Martin (1961) “What the Framers Meant by Federalism,” in Goldwin, Robert A. (ed.) A Nation of States: Essays on the American Federal System. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
DIAMOND, Martin (1964) “On the Relationship of Federalism and Decentralization,” in Elazar, Daniel (ed.) Cooperation and Conflict: Readings in American Federalism. Itasca, Ill.: F.E. Peacock.Google Scholar
DIAMOND, Martin (1976) “The Forgotten Doctrine of Enumerated Powers,” 6 Publius 187.Google Scholar
DIAMOND, Stephen (1979) “Legal Realism and Historical Method: J. Willard Hurst and American Legal History,” 77 Michigan Law Review 784.Google Scholar
DIKSHIT, Ramesh Dutta (1975) The Political Geography of Federalism: An Inquiry into Origins and Stability. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
DORSEN, Norman (1977) “Separation of Powers and Federalism,” 41 Albany Law Review 53.Google Scholar
DUC HACEK, Ivo D. (1977) “Antagonistic Cooperation: Territorial and Ethnic Communities,” 7 Publius 3.Google Scholar
EARLE, Valerie (ed.) (1968) Federalism: Infinite Variety in Theory and Practice. Itasca, Ill.: F.E. Peacock.Google Scholar
EASTON, David (1969) “The New Revolution in Political Science,” 63 American Political Science Review 1051.Google Scholar
ELAZAR, Daniel (1962) The American Partnership: Intergovernmental Cooperation in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
ELAZAR, Daniel (1965) “The Shaping of Intergovernmental Relations in the Twentieth Century,” 359 The Annals 10.Google Scholar
ELAZAR, Daniel (1966) American Federalism: A View from the States. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.Google Scholar
ELAZAR, Daniel (1972) Book review, 2 Publius 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ELAZAR, Daniel (1975) “Urbanism and Federalism,” 5 Publius 15.Google Scholar
ELAZAR, Daniel(1976) “Federalism vs. Decentralization: The Drift from Authenticity,” 6 Publius 9.Google Scholar
FAIRMAN, Charles (1971) Reconstruction and Reunion, 1864-88, Part One. New York: Macmillan [Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the Supreme Court of the United States, Vol. VI].Google Scholar
FARNHAM, Wallace D. (1963) “The Weakened Spring of Government': A Study in Nineteenth-Century American History,” 68 American Historical Review 662.Google Scholar
FARRAND, Max (1937) 3 Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 (rev. ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
FARRAND, Max (1961) Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
FESLER, James W. (1949) Area and Administration. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
FESLER, James W. (1965) “Understanding of Decentralization,” 27 Journal of Politics 536.Google Scholar
FINE, Sidney (1956) Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought, 1865-1901. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
FISS, Owen M. (1977) “Dombrowski,” 86 Yale Law Journal 1103.Google Scholar
FLAHERTY, David H. (ed.) (1969) Essays in the History of Early American Law. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
FLEMING, Donald, and Bernard, BAILYN (eds.) (1972) Law in American History. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
FRANK, John P. (1954) “Judicial Review and Basic Liberties,” in Friedman, Lawrence and Scheiber, Harry (eds.) American Law and the Constitutional Order. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
FREYER, Tony (1976) “Negotiable Instruments and the Federal Courts in Antebellum American Business,” 50 Business History Review 435.Google Scholar
FREYER, Tony (1979a) “The Federal Courts, Localism, and the National Economy, 1865-1900,” 53 Business History Review 343.Google Scholar
FREYER, Tony (1979b) Forums of Order: The Federal Courts and Business in American History. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1965) Contract Law in America: A Social and Economic Case Study. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1969) “Legal Culture and Social Development,” 4 Law & Society Review 29.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1973) A History of American Law. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1975) The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1977) “The Social and Political Context of the War on Poverty: An Overview,” in A Decade of Federal Antipoverty Programs. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Institute for Research on Poverty.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. and Ladinsky, Jack (1967) “Social Change and the Law of Industrial Accidents,” 67 Columbia Law Review 50.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. and Robert V., PERCIVAL (1980) The Roots of Justice: Crime and Punishment in Alameda County, California, 1870-1910. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press [in press].Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. and Harry N., SCHEIBER (eds.) (1978) American Law and the Constitutional Order: Historical Perspectives. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
FRIEDRICH, Carl (1968) Trends of Federalism in Theory and Practice. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
FRIENDLY, Henry (1977) “Federalism: A Foreword,” 86 Yale Law Journal 1019.Google Scholar
GELFAND, Mark I. (1975) A Nation of Cities: The Federal Government and Urban Life in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
GILBERT, Charles E. (1976) “The Shaping of Public Policy,” 426 The Annals 116.Google Scholar
GILBERT, Charles E. and David G., SMITH (1968) “The Modernization of American Federalism,” in Stedman, Murray M. (ed.) Modernizing American Government. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
GOODRICH, Carter (1968) “State In, State Out: A Pattern of Development Policy,” 2 Journal of Economic Issues 365.Google Scholar
GOODRICH, Carter (1970) “Internal Improvements Reconsidered,” 30 Journal of Economic History 295.Google Scholar
GOODWIN, Richard (1967) “The Shape of American Politics,” Fred Krinsky (ed.) Democracy and Complexity. Beverly Hills: Glencoe Press [Reprinted from 43(6) Commentary 25 (June 1967)].Google Scholar
GORDON, George J. (1978) Public Administration in America. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
GORDON, Robert W. (1975) “Introduction: J. Willard Hurst and the Common Law Tradition in American Historiography,” 10 Law & Society Review 9.Google Scholar
GRAEBNER, William (1976) Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform. Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky Press.Google Scholar
GRAVES, Thomas J. (1974) “IGR and the Executive Branch: The New Federalism,” 416 The Annals 40.Google Scholar
GRAVES, W. Brooke (1964) American Intergovernmental Relations: Their Origins, Historical Development, and Current Status. New York: Scribner's.Google Scholar
GREEN, George (1972) Finance and Economic Development in the Old South: Louisiana Banking 1804-1861. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
GROB, Gerald (1976) “The Political System and Social Policy in the 19th Century,” 58 Mid-America 5.Google Scholar
GROB, Gerald (1979) “Reflections on the History of Social Policy in America,” 7 Reviews in American History 293.Google Scholar
GRODZINS, Morton (1960) “The Federal System,” in Goals for Americans (Report of the President's Commission on National Goals). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
GRODZINS, Morton (1963) “Centralization and Decentralization,” in Goldwin, Robert A. (ed.) A Nation of States. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
GRODZINS, Morton (1966) The American System: A New View of Government in the United States, (Daniel J. Elazar, ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
HAAR, Charles M. (1975) Between the Idea and the Reality: A Study in the Origin, Fate, and Legacy of the Model Cities Program. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
HALL, Kermit L. (1975) “The Civil War Era as a Crucible for Nationalizing the Lower Federal Courts,” 7 Prologue 177.Google Scholar
HARPER'S MAGAZINE (1965) “A Professional Radical Moves in on Rochesten Conversations with Saul Alinsky, Part II,” 231 Harper's Magazine 52.Google Scholar
HART, Henry M. Jr. (1955) “The Relations between State and Federal Law,” in Macmahon (1955).Google Scholar
HARVARD CIVIL RIGHTS-CIVIL LIBERTIES LAW REVIEW (1973) “Project Report: Toward an Activist Role for State Bills of Rights,” 8 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 271.Google Scholar
HEATH, Milton (1954) Constitutive Liberalism: The Role of the State in the Economic Development of Georgia to 1860. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HIGHAM, John (1970) Writing American History: Essays on Modern Scholarship. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
HOLT, Wythe (1974) “Now and Then: The Uncertain State of Nineteenth-Century American Legal History,” 7 Indiana Law Review 615.Google Scholar
HOROWITZ, Donald L. (1977) The Courts and Social Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
HORWITZ, Morton (1977) The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOWARD, A.E. Dick (1976) “State Courts and Constitutional Rights in the Day of the Burger Court,” 62 Virginia Law Review 873.Google Scholar
HURST, J. Willard (1956) Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the 19th Century United States. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
HURST, J. Willard (1960) Law and Social Process in United States History. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Law School.Google Scholar
HURST, J. Willard (1964) Law and Economic Growth: The Legal History of the Lumber Industry in Wisconsin, 1836-1915. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
HURST, J. Willard (1970) The Legitimacy of the Business Corporation in the Law of the United States. Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia.Google Scholar
HURST, J. Willard (1977) Law and Social Order in the United States. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HYMAN, Harold (1973) A More Perfect Union: The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the Constitution. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
JACOB, Herbert and Michael, LIPSKY (1968) “Outputs, Structure, and Power: An Assessment of Changes in the Study of State and Local Politics,” in Hofferbert, Richard I. and Sharkansky, Ira (eds.) State and Urban Politics. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.Google Scholar
JASKIERNIA, J. (1979) “Model Prawno-Ustrojowy I Model Behawiorystyczny a Teorie Rozwoju Federalismu w USA” (with English summary), Prace z Nauk Politycynych, z. 12.Google Scholar
JEAN, Charlie (1978) “North vs. South: Second War between the States,” 5(4) Southern Exchange 6.Google Scholar
JENSEN, Merrill (1950) The New Nation: A History of the United States during the Confederation, 1781-1789. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
JENSEN, Vernon H. (1950) Heritage of Conflict: Labor Relations in the Nonferrous Metals Industry up to 1930. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
JOHANSEN, R.B. (1977) “The New Federalism: Toward a Principled Interpretation of the State Constitution,” 29 Stanford Law Review 297.Google Scholar
JONES, G.W. (1974) “Intergovernmental Relations in Britain,” 416 The Annals 181.Google Scholar
JONES, William K. (1979) “Origins of the Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity: Developments in the States, 1870-1920,” 79 Columbia Law Review 426.Google Scholar
KAGAN, Robert A., Bliss, CARTWRIGHT, Lawrence M., FRIEDMAN and Stanton, WHEELER (1977) “The Business of State Supreme Courts, 1870-1970,” 30 Stanford Law Review 121.Google Scholar
KAGAN, Robert A. (1978) “The Evolution of State Supreme Courts,” 76 Michigan Law Review 961.Google Scholar
KELLER, Morton (1963) The Life Insurance Enterprise, 1885-1910. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KELLER, Morton (1977) Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KOLKO, Gabriel (1963) The Triumph of Conservatism. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
KOLKO, Gabriel (1965) Railroads and Regulation, 1877-1915. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KURLAND, Philip B. (1968) “The Impotence of Reticence,” 1968 Duke Law Journal 619.Google Scholar
KURLAND, Philip B. (1970) Politics, the Constitution, and the Warren Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
KURLAND, Philip B. (1978) Watergate and the Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
KURTZ, Paul M. (1976) “Nineteenth Century Anti-Entrepreneurial Nuisance Injunctions: Avoiding the Chancellor,” 17 William & Mary Law Review 621.Google Scholar
KUTLER, Stanley (1971) Privilege and Creative Destruction: The Charles River Bridge Case. Philadelphia: Lippincott.Google Scholar
LAMM, Richard D. (1978) “Some Reflections on the Balkanization of America” [address at Vail, Colorado, August 18, unpublished].Google Scholar
LANDAU, Martin (1969) “Baker v. Carr and the Ghost of Federalism,” in Cnudde, Charles and Neubauer, D.E. (eds). Empirical Democratic Theory Chicago: Markham.Google Scholar
LASKI, Harold (1939) “The Obsolescence of Federalism,” 98 New Republic 367.Google Scholar
LAUER, T.E. (1963) “The Common Law Back Background of the Riparian Doctrine,” 28 Missouri Law Review 69.Google Scholar
LAUER, T.E. (1970) “Reflections on Riparianism,” 35 Missouri Law Review 1.Google Scholar
LEACH, Richard H. (1970) American Federalism. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
LE VINSON, Sanford V. (1974) “New Perspectives on the Reconstruction Court,” 26 Stanford Law Review 461.Google Scholar
LEVY, Leonard W. (1954) The Law of the Commonwealth and Chief Justice Shaw. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
LIEBER, Harvey (1975) Federalism and Clean Waters: The 1972 Water Pollution Control Act. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath.Google Scholar
LINDBLOM, Charles (1968) The Policy Making Process. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
LIVINGSTON, W.S. (1952) “A Note on the Nature of Federalism,” 67 Political Science Quarterly 81.Google Scholar
LLEWELYN, Karl (1934) “The Constitution as an Institution,” 34 Columbia Law Review 1.Google Scholar
LOWI, Theodore J. (1964) “American Business, Public Policy, Case-Studies, and Political Theory,” 16 World Politics 677.Google Scholar
LOWI, Theodore J. (1967) “Party, Policy, and Constitution in America,” in Chambers, W.N. and Burnham, W.D. (eds.). The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
LOWI, Theodore J. (1969) The End of Liberalism. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
LOWI, Theodore J. and Benjamin, GINSBERG (1976) Poliside. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
LOWI, Theodore and Alan, STONE (eds.) (1978) Nationalizing Government: Public Policies in America. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
LYONS, Thomas (1975) The Supreme Court and Individual Rights. Menlo Park, Calif.: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
MAASS, Arthur (ed.) (1959) Area and Power. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.Google Scholar
MACMAHON, Arthur W. (1955) Federalism: Mature and Emergent. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
MACMAHON, Arthur W. (1972) Administering Federalism in a Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MAGRATH, Peter C. (1968) “The Supreme Court and a National Constitution,” in Stedman, Murray M. (ed.) Modernizing American Government. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
MANN, W. Howard (1963) “The Marshall Court: Nationalization of Private Rights and Personal Liberty from the Authority of the Commerce Clause,” 38 Indiana Law Journal 117.Google Scholar
MARTIN, Roscoe (1965) The Cities and the Federal System. New York: Atherton.Google Scholar
MASON, Alpheus T. (1968) “Federalism: Historic Questions and Contemporary Meanings—The Role of the Court,” in Earle (1968).Google Scholar
MASON, Alpheus T. (1969) “Judicial Activism, Old and New,” 55 Virginia Law Review 385.Google Scholar
MATHEWS, Joseph W. Jr. (1970) “Note: State Taxation of Interstate Business—Looking Toward Federal-State Cooperation,” 23 Vanderbilt Law Review 1317.Google Scholar
MAXWELL, James A. and J. Richard, ARONSON (1977) Financing State and Local Governments (3d ed.). Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
McCLOSKEY, Robert G. (ed.) (1957) Essays in Constitutional Law. New York: Knopf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCLOSKEY, Robert G. (1972) The Modem Supreme Court. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCONNELL, Grant (1966) Private Power and American Democracy. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
McCORMICK, Richard L. (1979) “The Party Period and Public Policy: An Exploratory Hypothesis,” 66 Journal of American History 279.Google Scholar
McCURDY, Charles W. (1975) “Justice Field and the Jurisprudence of Government-Business Relations: Some Parameters of Laissez Faire Constitutionalism, 1863-1897,” 61 Journal of American History 970. Reprinted in Friedman, and Scheiber, (eds.) (1978).Google Scholar
McCURDY, Charles W. (1976) “Stephen J. Field and Public Land Law Development in California, 1850-1866: A Case Study of Judicial Resource Allocation in 19th-century America,” 10 Law & Society Review 235.Google Scholar
McCURDY, Charles W. (1978) “American Law and the Marketing Structure of the Large Corporation, 1875-1890,” 38 Journal of Economic History 631.Google Scholar
McCURDY, Charles W. (1979) “The Knight Sugar Decision of 1895 and the Modernization of American Corporation Law, 1869-1903,” 53 Business History Review 304.Google Scholar
MERRIAM, Robert (1965) “American Federalism: A Paradox of Promise and Performance,” in American Federalism: Toward A More Effective Partnership. Washington, D.C: U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.Google Scholar
MICHELMAN, Frank I. (1977) “States' Rights and States' Roles: Permutations of ‘Sovereignty’ in National League of Cities v. Usery” 86 Yale Law Journal 1165.Google Scholar
MILIBAND, Ralph (1969) The State in Capitalist Society. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
MILLER, Arthur S. (1976a) “The Court Turns Back the Clock,” 40(10) The Progressive 22 (Oct.).Google Scholar
MILLER, Arthur S. (1976b) The Modern Corporate State: Private Governments and the American Constitution. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
MILLER, Arthur S. and Alan W., SCHEFLIN (1967) “The Power of the Supreme Court in the Age of the Positive State,” 1967 Duke Law Journal 522.Google Scholar
MILLER, George H. (1971) Railroads and the Granger Laws. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
MISHKIN, Paul J. (1978) “Federal Courts as State Reformers,” 35 Washington and Lee Law Review 949.Google Scholar
MORRIS, Thomas D. (1974) Free Men All: The Personal Liberty Laws of the North, 1780-1861. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
MOSHER, Frederick C. (1968) Democracy and the Public Service. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MOSK, Stanley (1978) “In the Future Will State High Courts Guard Our Individual Rights?” Los Angeles Times, Jan. 1, pt. vii, p. 5.Google Scholar
MURPHY, Earl Finbar (1964) “The Jurisprudence of Legal History: Willard Hurst as Legal Historian,” 39 New York University Law Review 900.Google Scholar
MURPHY, Earl Finbar (1971) Man and His Environment: Law. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
MURPHY, Paul L. (1971) The Constitution in Crisis Times, 1918-1969. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
NASH, A.E. Keir (1970) “Fairness and Formalism in the Trials of Blacks in the State Supreme Courts of the Old South,” 56 Virginia Law Review 64.Google Scholar
NASH, Gerald D. (1964) State Government and Economic Development: A History of Administrative Policies in California. Berkeley, Calif.: Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
NELSON, William E. (1974) “The Impact of the Antislavery Movement upon Styles of Judicial Reasoning,” 87 Harvard Law Review 513.Google Scholar
NELSON, William E. (1975) Americanization of the Common Law: The Impact of Legal Change on Massachusetts Society, 1760-1830. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
NELSON, William E. (1976) “Officeholding and Powerwielding: An Analysis of the Relationship between Structure and Style in American Administrative History,” 10 Law & Society Review 187.Google Scholar
NEUMANN, Franz L. (1955) “Federalism and Freedom: A Critique,” in Macmahon (1955).Google Scholar
NEWMAN, Frank (1979) “The Constitution and Ethnic Pluralism,” in Law and California Society: 100 Years of the State Constitution. San Diego, Calif.: The San Diego Union and the University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
NICHOLS, Roy F. (1963) American Leviathan. New York: Harper and Row [originally published under the title Blueprints for Leviathan: American Style. New York: Atheneum, 1963].Google Scholar
OATES, Wallace E. (ed.) (1977) The Political Economy of Fiscal Federalism Lexington, Mass.: D. C Heath.Google Scholar
ORLANS, Harold (1971) “Comment,” in Perloff, H.S. (ed.) The Future of the United States Government: Toward the Year 2000. New York: Braziller.Google Scholar
PAINE, Lynda Sharp (1978) “Instrumentalism v. Formalism: Dissolving the Dichotomy,” 1978 Wisconsin Law Review 997.Google Scholar
PALUDAN, Phillip S. (1975) A Covenant with Death: The Constitution, Law, and Equality in the Civil War Era. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
PATTERSON, James (1969) The New Deal and the States: Federalism in Transition. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PAUL, Arnold M. (1960) Conservative Crisis and the Rule of Law: Attitudes of Bar and Bench, 1887-1895. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
PEKELIS, Alexander H. (1950) Law and Social Action: Selected Essays (Milton Konvitz ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
PERLOFF, Harvey S. (ed.) (1971) The Future of the United States Government: Toward the Year 2000. New York: Braziller.Google Scholar
PHILLIPS, Kevin (1978) “The Balkanization of America,” 256 (1536) Harper's 37 (May).Google Scholar
PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP (1979) Bidding for Business: Corporate Auctions and the 50 Disunited States. Washington, D.C: PIRG [mimeo].Google Scholar
PUBLIUS (1977) Symposium: “Federalism and Ethnicity,” 7(4) Publius 1.Google Scholar
READING, Don C. (1973) “New Deal Activity and the States, 1933 to 1939,” 33 Journal of Economic History 792.Google Scholar
REAGAN, Michael D. (1972) The New Federalism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
REED, Merle (1966) New Orleans and the Railroads: The Struggle for Commercial Empire, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
REICH, Charles A. (1970) The Greening of America. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
REZNICK, Scott M. (1978) “Empiricism and the Principle of Conditions in the Evolution of the Police Power: A Model for Definitional Scrutiny,” 1978 Washington University Law Quarterly 1.Google Scholar
RIKER, William H. (1964) Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
RIKER, William H. (1965) Democracy in the United States (2d ed.). New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
RIKER, William H. (1969) “Six Books in Search of a Subject—or Does Federalism Exist and Does It Matter?” 2 Comparative Politics 135.Google Scholar
ROCHE, John P. (1968) The Quest for the Dream: The Development of Civil Rights and Human Relations in America. Chicago: Quadrangle.Google Scholar
SALISBURY, Robert H. (1968) “The Analysis of Public Policy: A Search for Theory and Roles,” in Ranney, Austin (ed.) Political Science and Public Policy. Chicago: Markham.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1969) Ohio Canal Era: A Case Study of Government and the Economy, 1820-1861. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1970) “At the Borderland of Law and Economic History: The Contributions of Willard Hurst,” 75 American Historical Review 744.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1971) “Government and the Economy: Studies of the ‘Commonwealth’ Policy in 19th-century America,” 3 Journal of Interdisciplinary History 135.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1972) “The Road to Munn: Eminent Domain and the Concept of Public Purpose in the State Courts,” in Fleming, D. and Bailyn, B. (eds.) Law in American History. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1975a) “Federalism and the American Economic Order, 1789-1910,” 10 Law & Society Review 57.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1975b) “Instrumentalism and Property Rights,” 1975 Wisconsin Law Review 1.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1977) “Back to”The Legal Mind‘? Doctrinal Analysis and the History of Law,“ 5 Reviews in American History 458.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1978a) “American Federalism and the Diffusion of Power,” 9 University of Toledo Law Review 619.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1978b) “Law and American Agricultural Development,” 52 Agricultural History 439.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. (1980) “U.S. Federalism” [Paper for XVe Congres International des Sciences Historiques, to appear in Actes of the Congress. Expanded version to appear in history the Polish journal of legal, Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne],.Google Scholar
SCHEIBER, Harry N. and McCURDY, Charles W. (1975) “Eminent Domain Law and Western Agriculture,” 49 Agricultural History 112.Google Scholar
SELVIN, Molly (1980) “The Public Trust Doctrine in American Law and Public Policy,” 1980 Wisconsin Law Review (forthcoming).Google Scholar
SELZNICK, Philip (1966) TVA and the Grass Roots. New York: Harper & Row [originally published in 1949].Google Scholar
SHARKANSKY, Ira (1972) The Maligned States: Policy Accomplishments, Problems, and Opportunities. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
SHARKANSKY, Ira (1975) The United States: A Study of a Developing Country. New York: David McKay.Google Scholar
SHIELDS, Currin V. (1952) “The American Tradition of Empirical Collectivism,” 46 American Political Science Review 109.Google Scholar
STEIN, Michael B. (1968) “Federal Political Systems and Federal Societies,” 20 World Politics 721.Google Scholar
STEVENSON, Adlai (1950) “Reorganization from the State Point of View,” 10 Public Administration Review I.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
STRONG, Frank R. (1976) “Court vs. Constitution: Disparate Distortions of the Indirect Limitations in the American Constitutional Framework,” 54 North Carolina Law Review 125.Google Scholar
SUNDQUIST, James L. (1968) Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
SUNDQUIST, James L. with David W. DAVIS (1969) Making Federalism Work. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
TARLTON, Charles D. (1965) “Symmetry and Asymmetry as Elements of Federalism: A Theoretical Speculation,” 27 Journal of Politics 861.Google Scholar
TRESCOTT, Paul B. (1955) “Federal-State Financial Relations, 1790-1860,” 15 Journal of Economic History 227.Google Scholar
TRESCOTT, Paul B. (1966) “Federal Government Receipts and Expenditures, 1861-1875,” 26 Journal of Economic History 206.Google Scholar
TRIBE, Laurence H. (1977) “Unraveling National League of Cities: The New Federalism and Affirmative Rights to Essential Government Services,” 90 Harvard Law Review 1065.Google Scholar
TRIBE, Laurence H. (1978) American Constitutional Law. Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press.Google Scholar
TRUMAN, David B. (1955) “Federalism and the Party System,” in Macmahon (1955).Google Scholar
TUSHNET, Mark (1975) “The American Law of Slavery, 1810-1860,” 10 Law & Society Review 119.Google Scholar
VAN RIPER, Paul P. (1958) History of the United States Civil Service. Evanston, Ill.: Row & Peterson.Google Scholar
VAN RIPER, Paul P. and Harry N., SCHEIBER (1959) “The Confederate Civil Service,” 25 Journal of Southern History 448.Google Scholar
VAN RIPER, Paul P. and Keith, SUTHERLAND (1965) “The Northern Civil Service, 1861-1865,” 11 Civil War History 351.Google Scholar
VOSE, Clement E. (1972) Constitutional Change: Amendment Politics and Supreme Court Litigation Since 1900. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath.Google Scholar
WALKER, David (1974) “How Fares Federalism in the Mid-Seventies?” 416 The Annals 17.Google Scholar
WALKER, David (1977) “The Changing Pattern of Assistance to State and Local Governments,” in Frederickson, H.G. and Wise, G.R. (eds.) Public Administration and Public Policy. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath.Google Scholar
WALKER, David (1978) “A New Intergovernmental System in 1977,” 8 Publius 101.Google Scholar
WALSTON, Roderick (1979) “Reborn Federalism in Western Water Law: The New Melones Dam Decision,” 30 Hastings Law Journal 1645.Google Scholar
WECHSLER, Herbert (1955) “The Political Safeguards of Federalism: The Role of the States in the Composition and Selection of the National Government,” in Macmahon (1955).Google Scholar
WECHSLER, Herbert (1959) “Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law,” 73 Harvard Law Review 1. Reprinted in Friedman, and Scheiber, (eds.) (1978).Google Scholar
WHEARE, K.C. (1963) Federal Government (4th ed.). London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
WHITE, G. Edward (1971) “The Appellate Opinion as Historical Source Material,” 2 Journal of Interdisciplinary History 491.Google Scholar
WHITE, Leonard D. (1948) The Federalists: A Study in Administrative History, 1789-1801. New York: Free Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WICKWAR, William H. (1970) The Political Theory of Local Government. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
WIEBE, Robert (1962) Businessmen and Reform: A Study of the Progressive Movement. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
WIECECK, William M. (1969) “The Reconstruction of Federal Judicial Power, 1863-1876,” 13 American Journal of Legal History 333. Reprinted in Friedman, L. and Scheiber, H. (eds.) (1978).Google Scholar
WILDAVSKY, Aaron (ed.) (1967) American Federalism in Perspective. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
WILLBERN, York (1959) “The States as Components in an Areal Division of Powers,” in Maass, Arthur (ed.) Area and Power. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.Google Scholar
WILSON, Leonard U. (1977) State Strategies for Multistate Organizations (State Planning Series, Vol. 8). Washington, D.C: Council of State Planning Agencies, An Affiliate of the National Governors’ Association.Google Scholar
WOOD, Stephen B. (1968) Constitutional Politics in the Progressive Era: Child Labor and the Law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER (1973) The New Federalism: A Conference. Washington, D.C: WWIC.Google Scholar
WRIGHT, Deil (1974) “Intergovernmental Relations: An Analytical Overview,” 416 The Annals 1.Google Scholar
WRIGHT, Deil (1975) “Revenue Sharing and Structural Features of American Federalism,” 419 The Annals 100.Google Scholar
WRIGHT, Deil (1978) Understanding Intergovernmental Relations. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press.Google Scholar
WRIGHT, James E. (1974) The Politics of Populism: Dissent in Colorado. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
YOUNG, Crawford (1976) The Politics of Cultural Pluralism. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
ZAINALDIN, Jamil S. (1979) “Emergence of a Modern American Family Law: Child Custody, Adoption and the Courts, 1796-1851,” 73 Northwestern University Law Review 1038.Google Scholar
ZAINALDIN, Jamil S. and Peter L., TYOR (1979) “Asylum and Society: An Approach to Institutional Change,” 13 Journal of Social History 23.Google Scholar