Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T13:23:51.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2014

Giulia Meloni  and
Johan Swinnen
Giulia Meloni*
Affiliation:
LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven, Waaistraat 6, Leuven, Belgium
Johan Swinnen*
Affiliation:
LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven, Waaistraat 6, Leuven, Belgium
*
(corresponding author) e-mail: [email protected].
e-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper analyzes the causes of the rise and the fall of the Algerian wine industry. It is hard to imagine in the twenty-first century global wine economy, but until about 50 years ago Algeria was the largest exporter of wine in the world—and by a wide margin. Between 1880 and 1930 Algerian wine production grew dramatically. Equally spectacular was the decline of Algerian wine production: today, Algeria produces and exports little wine. There was an important bidirectional impact between developments in the Algerian wine sector and French regulations. French regulations had a major impact on the Algerian wine industry, and the growth of the Algerian wine industry triggered the introduction of important wine regulations in France at the beginning of the twentieth century and during the 1930s. Important elements of these regulations are still present in European wine policy today. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)

Keywords

appellationsEuropean agricultureinstitutionsregulationwine history
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Wine Economics , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , May 2014 , pp. 3 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © American Association of Wine Economists 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The paper benefited from helpful conversations with and suggestions from Koen Deconinck, Vicente Pinilla, and participants in the 2013 Florence FRESH Meeting, at the European University Institute, in Florence, Italy. We also thank an anonymous referee for constructive comments.

References

Achy, L. (2012). Algeria avoids the Arab Spring? Carnegie Middle East Center, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 31. Available at http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/05/31/algeria-avoids-arab-spring/b0xu.Google Scholar
Achy, L. (2013). The price of stability in Algeria. Carnegie Middle East Center, Carnegie Middle East Center, April 25. Available at http://carnegie-mec.org/2013/04/25/price-of-stability-in-algeria/g1cs.Google Scholar
Algérie. (1883). Conseil supérieur du Gouvernement. Gouvernement général de l'Algérie. Procès-verbaux des délibérations. Algiers. Available at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5454477h.image.Google Scholar
Augé-Laribé, M. (1950). La politique agricole de la France de 1880 à 1940. Paris : Presses universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Bagnol, J.-M. (2007). Les députés héraultais et la viticulture dans l'entre-deux-guerres: organes de décision, relais de pouvoir, législation. Ruralia, no. 21. Available at http://ruralia.revues.org/1857/.Google Scholar
Barrows, S. (1982). Alcohol, France and Algeria: A case study in the international liquor trade. Contemporary Drug Problems, 11, 525–543.Google Scholar
Bateman, A. E. (1883). A note on the statistics of wine production in France. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 46(1), 113–119.Google Scholar
Becuwe, S. and Blancheton, B.. (2012). The dispersion of customs tariffs in France between 1850 and 1913: discrimination in trade policy. Cahiers du GREThA, no. 2012–13. Available at http://cahiersdugretha.u-bordeaux4.fr/2012/2012--13.pdf.Google Scholar
Birebent, P. (2007). Hommes, vignes et vins de l'Algérie Française: 1830–1962. Nice: Editions Jacques Gandini.Google Scholar
Blottière, M.J. (1930). Les productions algériennes. In Comité National Métropolitain du Centenaire de l'Algérie (Ed.), Les 12 cahiers du Centenaire de l'Algérie (vol. 9). Orléans: A. Pigelet & Cie.Google Scholar
Boudjellal, M. (1972). La conversion-reconstitution du vignoble algérien. CIHEAM—Options Méditerranéennes, no. 12. Available at http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/r12/CI010447.pdf.Google Scholar
Bourget, M.J.M. (1930). L'Algérie jusqu’à la pénétration saharienne. In Comité National Métropolitain du Centenaire de l'Algérie (Ed.), Les 12 cahiers du Centenaire de l'Algérie (vol. 1). Orléans: A. Pigelet & Cie.Google Scholar
Brandell, I. (1981). Les rapports Franco-Algériens depuis 1962: du pétrole et des hommes. Paris: l'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Capus, J. (1947). L’évolution de législation sur les Appellations d’ Origine—Genèse des Appellations Contrôlées. Institut National des Appellations d'Origine. Available at www.inao.gouv.fr/public/home.php?pageFromIndex=textesPages/Les_fondements_de_1_appellation391.php~mnu=391/.Google Scholar
Caralp, R. (1953). Le transport des vins en vrac en France. Annales de Géographie, 62(333), 373–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlà, F., and Marcone, A. (2011). Economia e finanza a Roma. Bologna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Chikhi, L., and Parent, V. (2011). Algeria steps up grain imports, eyes Tunisia virus. Reuters, January 26. Available at www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/26/us-grains-algeria-idUSTRE70P3PY20110126/.Google Scholar
Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne. (2003). L'appellation Champagne, les clés des vins de Champagne. Available at www.champagne.fr/wpFichiers/1/1/Mediatheque/11/Associes/11/Fichier/appellation.pdf.Google Scholar
Council Regulation (EEC) No. 816/70 of 28 April 1970 laying down additional provisions for the common organization of the market in wine. Official Journal of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Couderc. (2005). Cited in note 13.Google Scholar
Critz, J.M., Olmstead, A.L., and Rhode, P.W. (1999). Horn of plenty: The globalization of Mediterranean horticulture and the economic development of Southern Europe, 1880–1930. Journal of Economic History, 59(2), 316–352.Google Scholar
Dervin, G.(Abbé). (1902). L'Afrique du Nord. L'Algérie, son agriculture, son commerce, son industrie, sa colonisation, son avenir. Epernay: Imprimerie du Courrier du Nord-Est.Google Scholar
Editor of the Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin. (1896). A History of Banking in All the Leading Nations; Comprising the United States; Great Britain; Germany; Austro-Hungary; France; Italy; Belgium; Spain; Switzerland; Portugal; Roumania; Russia; Holland; the Scandinavian Nations; Canada; China; Japan; compiled by thirteen authors, 4 vols. New York: Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, Available at http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/2239/211983/, accessed October 22, 2012.Google Scholar
FAO. (2012). FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at http://faostat.fao.org.Google Scholar
Federico, G., and Tena, A. (1999). Did trade policy foster Italian industrialization? Evidences from the effective protection rates, 1870–1930. Research in Economic History, 19, 111–138.Google Scholar
Fillias, A. (1886). Géographie de l'Algérie. 5th ed.Paris: Librairie Hachette.Google Scholar
Gale, G. D. (2011). Dying on the Vine. How Phylloxera Transformed Wine. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gautier, M. E. F. (1930). L’évolution de l'Algérie de 1830 à 1930. In Comité National Métropolitain du Centenaire de l'Algérie (Ed.), Les 12 cahiers du Centenaire de l'Algérie (ed., vol 3). Orléans: A. Pigelet & Cie.Google Scholar
Gavignaud, G. (1988). Etat et propriété: le vignoble méridional (1880–1980). Économie rurale, 184(184–186), 92–99.Google Scholar
Halvorsen, K. H. (1978). Colonial transformation of agrarian society in Algeria. Journal of Peace Research, 15(4), 323–343.Google Scholar
Hyams, E. (1965). Dionysus: A Social History of the Wine Vine. Bristol: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Ilbert, H. (ed.). (2005). Produits du terroir méditerranéen: conditions d'emergence, d'efficacité et modes de gouvernance , Rapport Final. Montpellier: CIHEAM—IAMM. FEMISE Research Programme 2004–05.Google Scholar
Insee. (1935). Annuaire statistique de la France. Résumé rétrospectif. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Paris.Google Scholar
Insee. (1951). Annuaire statistique de la France. Part 2 : Partie Internationale. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Paris.Google Scholar
Insee. (1966). Annuaire statistique de la France. Résumé rétrospectif. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Paris.Google Scholar
Isnard, H. (1947). Vigne et colonisation en Algérie (1880–1947). Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 2(3), 288–300.Google Scholar
Isnard, H. (1949). Vigne et colonisation en Algérie. Annales de Géographie, 58(311), 212–219.Google Scholar
Isnard, H. (1954). La vigne en Algérie, étude géographique. Book II. Ophrys: Gap.Google Scholar
Isnard, H. (1956). La viticulture algérienne: erreur économique?. In Jourdan, A. and Carbonel, J. (Eds.), Revue Africaine. Centenaire de la Société Historique Algérienne, 1856–1956. Tome C - Année 1956 (vol. 100, pp. 457–474). Algiers.Google Scholar
Isnard, H. (1961). Le commerce extérieur de l'Algérie en 1960. Méditerranée, 2(2–3), 93–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isnard, H. (1966). La viticulture Nord-Africaine. In Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord-1865 (Vol. 4). Paris: Editions du CNRS.Google Scholar
Isnard, H. (1969). L'Algérie ou la décolonisation difficile. Méditerranée, 10(10–3), 325–340.Google Scholar
Isnard, H., and Labadie, J.H.. (1959). Vineyards and social structure in Algeria. Diogenes, 7, 63–81. Available at http://dio.sagepub.com/content/7/27/63.citation/.Google Scholar
Johnson, N.D., Nye, J., and Franck, R. (2010). Trade, taxes, and terroir. Mercatus Center George Mason University Working Paper No. 10–35. Available at http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/publication/wp1035-trade-taxes-terroir.pdf.Google Scholar
JORF. (1931, July 5). Loi du 4 juillet 1931 sur La Viticulture et le Commerce des Vins. Journal Officiel de la République Française, p. 7282.Google Scholar
JORF. (1933, July 13). Loi du 8 juillet 1933 sur la Viticulture et le Commerce des Vins. Journal Officiel de la République Française, p. 7310.Google Scholar
JORF. (1934, December 25). Loi du 24 décembre 1934 tendant à réaliser l'Assainissement du Marché des Vins. Journal Officiel de la République Française, p. 12699.Google Scholar
JORF. (1935, July 31). Décret-loi du 30 juillet 1935 Défense du marché des vins et régime économique de l'alcool. Journal Officiel de la République Française, p. 8314.Google Scholar
Lachiver, M. (1988). Vins, vignes et vignerons. Histoire du vignoble français. Paris: Fayard.Google Scholar
Leroy-Beaulieu, P. (1887). L'Algérie et la Tunisie. Paris: Librairie Guillaumin.Google Scholar
Loi du 1er Août 1905. (1906). Répression des fraudes dans la vente des marchandises et des falsifications des denrées alimentaires et des produits agricoles. Paris: Librairie Chevalier et Rivière.Google Scholar
Loubère, L.A. (1990). The Wine Revolution in France: The Twentieth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.-P. (1998). Viticulture du Languedoc: une tradition syndicale en mouvement. Pôle Sud, 9(1), 71–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGovern, P. E. (2009). Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Meloni, G., and Swinnen, J. (2013). The political economy of European wine regulations. Journal of Wine Economics, 8(3), 244–284.Google Scholar
Mérignhac, A. (1912). Précis de législation et d’économie coloniales. Paris: Receuil Sirey.Google Scholar
Meynier, G. (1981). L'Algérie révélée: la guerre de 1914–1918 et le premier quart du XXe siècle. Geneva, Paris: Librairie Droz.Google Scholar
Milhau, J. (1953). L'avenir de la viticulture française. Revue économique, 4(5), 700–738.Google Scholar
Ministère de la PME et de l'Artisanat. (2005). Analyse de la filière boisson en Algérie: Rapport principal, Euro Développement Programme, Algiers.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. R. (1998). International Historical Statistics, Europe, 1750–1993. London: Macmillan; New York: Stockton.Google Scholar
Niederbacher, A. (1983). Wine in the European Community. Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Periodical 2/3–1983, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
OIV. (2013). Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture, Paris. Available at www.oiv.int/oiv/files/2013_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
ONCV. (2014). “Control of the Quality of Wine”. National Marketing Office for Viticulture Products (ONCV) (accessed February 21, 2014). Available at http://www.oncv-groupe.com/control_an.htmlGoogle Scholar
Oxford Business Group. (2008). The Report: Algeria 2008. Oxford: Oxford Business Group.Google Scholar
Oxford Business Group. (2010). The Report: Algeria 2010. Oxford: Oxford Business Group.Google Scholar
Paul, H. W. (1996). Science, Vine and Wine in Modern France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pinilla, V., and Ayuda, M.-I. (2002). The political economy of the wine trade: spanish exports and the international market, 1890–1935. European Review of Economic History, 6, 51–85.Google Scholar
Pinilla, V., and Serrano, R. (2008). The agricultural and food trade in the first globalization: Spanish table wine exports, 1871 to 1935—A case study. Journal of Wine Economics, 3(2), 132–148.Google Scholar
Pliny the Elder. The Natural History (Bostock, John, M.D., F.R.S., Riley, H.T.,Esq., B.A., Eds.). Available at www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+toc/.Google Scholar
Robinson, J., ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine, 3d ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rozelle, S., and Swinnen, J. (2004). Success and failure of reform: Insights from the transition of agriculture. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(2), 404–456.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. (2011). Creating Wine: The Emergence of a World Industry, 1840–1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, T. (1974). Muslim impoverishment in colonial Algeria. Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée, 17, 139–162.Google Scholar
Société de législation comparée. (1932). Annuaire de législation française. Publié par la Société de législation comparée, contenant le texte des principales lois votées en France en 1931. Paris: A. Cotillon. Available at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5446891h.image.langFR/.Google Scholar
Stanziani, A. (2004). Wine reputation and quality controls: The origin of the AOCs in 19th century France. European Journal of Law and Economics, 18(2), 149–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strachan, J. (2007). The colonial identity of wine: The Leakey affair and the Franco-Algerian order of things. Social History of Alcohol and Drugs, 21(2), pp. 118–137. Available at http://historyofalcoholanddrugs.typepad.com/SHADV21N2Strachan.pdf.Google Scholar
Sutton, K. (1988). Algeria's vineyards: A problem of decolonisation. Méditerranée, 65(65), 55–66.Google Scholar
Wallis, W. (2005). Wine returns to the menu for Algeria as production flows again. Financial Times, October 10. Available at www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a8c5c98--392a-11da-900a-00000e2511c8.html#axzz2Wg40Eqdu/.Google Scholar
Wolikow, C. (2009). La Champagne viticole, banc d'essai de la délimitation (1903–1927). Territoires du vin—Pour une redéfinition des terroirs. Available at http://revuesshs.u-bourgogne.fr/territoiresduvin/document.php?id=275%20ISSN%201760--529/.Google Scholar