XX. Identifications in the Region of Kapilavastu

W. Vost

doi:10.1017/S0035869X0003481X

XX. Identifications in the Region of Kapilavastu

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011

W. Vost

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Do the Chinese pilgrims know two cities named Kapilavastu?

Certain discords and bearings in the itineraries of the pilgrims are discussed in the Prefatory Note to Antiquities in the Tarai, Nepal, and from them it is inferred there were two cities named Kapilavastu; one the city visited by Fa-hsien, now represented by the ruins at Piprāhavā; the other that described by Yuan Chwang, of which the “royal precincts” are found in Tilaurā Koṭ, some ten miles to the north-west of Piprāhavā. Paltā Devī is held to mark the site of the town either of the Buddha Krakucandra or of the Buddha Koṇāgamana; or Sisaniā Pānḍe may represent the town of Koṇāgamana. Guṭihavā is believed to represent the site of the famous Nyagrodha grove.

Type: Articles
Information: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 38 , Issue 3 , July 1906 , pp. 553 - 580

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X0003481X [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1906

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^{page 553 note 1} Arch. Survey India, 1901, vol. xxvi.

^{page 553 note 2} Prefatory Note (= P.N.), pp. 10, 13, 16.

^{page 553 note 3} P.N., pp. 10, 11, 13.

^{page 553 note 4} P.N., pp. 12, 16.

^{page 553 note 6} Buddhist India, p. 18, note.

^{page 554 note 1} J.R.A.S., 1903, pp. 80, 91.

^{page 555 note 1} J.R.A.S., 1903, pp. 102, 103.

^{page 555 note 2} Antiquities, p. 1.

^{page 555 note 3} P.N., p. 10.

^{page 555 note 4} Pioneer, February 1st, 1904. The Pioneer (Allahabad newspaper) of 1st, 6th, and 19th February, 1904, contains three articles contributed by Prince Khaḍga Samser, of Nepal, on the Kapilavastu and other Tarāi remains.

^{page 555 note 5} P.N., p. 12.

^{page 555 note 6} Antiquities, pp. 19, 22.

^{page 556 note 1} P.N., p. 12.

^{page 556 note 2} Biblio. Indica, Calcutta trans., p. 140.

^{page 556 note 3} Antiquities, p. 22.

^{page 556 note 4} Antiquities, pp. 22, 53, pl. ii.

^{page 557 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 16.

^{page 557 note 3} Rockhill: Life of the Buddha, p. 19.

^{page 557 note 3} Beal, ii, p. 17.

^{page 557 note 4} Lalita Vistara, pp. 204, 208.

^{page 557 note 5} Rockhill, op. cit., p. 19.

^{page 557 note 6} Hardy : Manual of Buddhism, p. 154.

^{page 557 note 7} Beal, ii, p. 18.

^{page 557 note 8} Dīgha; Hardy, op. cit., p. 157; Bigandet, Life of Gaudama, 1866 ed., p. 49; Lalita Vistara, p. 257.

^{page 557 note 9} Rockhill, op. cit., p. 22.

^{page 558 note 1} Laidlay's Fahian, p. 196.

^{page 558 note 2} Also Bigandet, op. cit., p. 44; Rockhill, op. cit., p. 22.

^{page 558 note 3} Beal, i, p. xlix; in Laidlay's version at the east and south gates; in Legge's only at the east gate, ‘on seeing the sick man,’ perhaps when Gautama was driving towards the Nyagrodha grove.

^{page 558 note 4} Antiquities, pp. 32, 53; Pioneer, Feb. 6th, 1904.

^{page 558 note 5} Antiquities, p. 32; Beal, ii, p. 17.

^{page 558 note 6} Antiquities, p. 32; Pioneer, Feb. 6th, 1904.

^{page 559 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 17.

^{page 559 note 2} Beal, ii, p. 17; Bigandet, op. cit., pp. 47, 50; Hardy, op. cit., p. 154.

^{page 559 note 3} Lalita Vistara, p. 260.

^{page 559 note 4} Bigandet, op. cit., p. 56 ; Hardy, op. cit., p. 162.

^{page 559 note 5} Antiquities, p. 33.

^{page 560 note 1} Antiquities, p. 22.

^{page 560 note 2} Beal, ii, p. 18 ; Wattera, On Yuan Chwang, ii, p. 2.

^{page 560 note 3} Beal, i, p. xlix.

^{page 560 note 4} Antiquities, p. 33.

^{page 561 note 1} Dr. Hoey (J.R.A.S., 1906, p. 454) proposes to identify Krakucandra's town (Na-pi-ka of Fa-hsien) with remains near Nībī, about four miles south of the point where the Bāngangā. enters the Bastī district. The places on the way to Rummindeī are not indicated.

^{page 562 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 22. The map (P.N., p. 10) showing Yuan Chwang's route from Kapilavastu to Rummindeī is unsatisfactory in that no notice is taken of this distance.

^{page 562 note 2} Pioneer, Feb. 6th, 1904; Antiquities, pp. 33, 50, 56.

^{page 562 note 3} The position of ‘Sisania’ on Mukherji's map requires to be altered a little to the west, and perhaps also a little to the north, that is, it lies about a mile, or perhaps more, to the north-west of the spot shown. I suppose I am right in saying so, because it is remarked (P.N., p. 10) Sisanihavā is “ some four or five miles in a north-westerly direction ” from Piprāhavā, and (Pioneer, February 6th, 1904) the distance is a little above 3 miles E.S.E. from Guṭihavā to Kuvā, a village 1½ miles north of Sisanihavā (Sisaniā).

^{page 563 note 1} J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 578.

^{page 563 note 1} ‘Eastward’ in Beal; ‘east’ or ‘easterly’ in the other translations. That these bearings probably correspond to north-east see J.R.A.S., 1903, p. 100, and arguments in this article.

^{page 564 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 19.

^{page 564 note 2} Antiquities, p. 1.

^{page 564 note 3} Beal, ii, p. 22.

^{page 566 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 19.

^{page 566 note 2} Beal, i, p. xlix. This quotation is taken from that part of Fa-hsien's narrative which treats, as we know from Yuan Chwang, of the monuments in the Nyagrodha grove. In using it here in my argument I may be wrong. But I have some justification, for Fa-hsien's reference to Asita does not occur until he leaves the palace city of Kapilavastu and describes the monuments a long way to the south in the capital, or town to the south of the palace city. Gautama was taken when five months of age to the ‘field’ (twice mentioned in Hardy, Man Buddh., p. 153). This apparently is the same as the “royal field” in Fa-hsien. Gautama also when a young man watched men ploughing (Rockhill, op. cit., p. 22).

^{page 566 note 3} Beal, ii, p. 150.

^{page 567 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 20.

^{page 567 note 2} Op. cit., ii, p. 8.

^{page 567 note 3} Rockhill, op. cit., p. 120; J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 558. Yuan Chwang says that Viḍūḍabha, after his subjugation of the Sakyas, took 500 of their maidens for his harem. They also were mutilated and cast into a pit near Śrāvastī city (Beal, ii, p. 11).

^{page 568 note 1} Antiquities, p. 49.

^{page 568 note 2} J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 549.

^{page 568 note 3} Antiquities, p. 28.

^{page 568 note 4} Antiquities, p. 28.

^{page 568 note 5} Antiquities, p. 25.

^{page 570 note 1} The height (Pioneer, Feb. 6th, 1904) of the Guṭihavā pillar is 10′ 2″ and of the pieces 2′ 3″ and (Antiquities, p. 32) 1′ 7″ high. Total, 14′. The measurement of one piece is not given. The Niglihavā pillar is about 14′ 9½″ long (Antiquities, p. 30).

^{page 570 note 2} Antiquities, pp. 31, 34.

^{page 571 note 1} Antiquities, pp. 32, 55.

^{page 571 note 2} Antiquities, p. 55.

^{page 571 note 3} Beal, ii, p. 21.

^{page 571 note 4} Antiquities, p. 55.

^{page 572 note 1} Beal, ii, p. 22.

^{page 572 note 2} Hardy, op. cit., p. 205; Bigandet, op. cit., p. 162; Rockhill, op. cit., p. 52.

^{page 572 note 3} Hardy, op. cit., p. 205.

^{page 573 note 1} Rockhill, op. cit., pp. 51–53.

^{page 573 note 2} Theragāthā, quoted Oldenberg, Buddha, p. 412.

^{page 573 note 3} Hardy, op. cit., pp. 156, 207, 208, 210.

^{page 573 note 4} Divyāvadāna, p. 67; J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 549.

^{page 573 note 5} Hardy, op. cit., p. 208.

^{page 573 note 6} Beal, ii, p. 22.

^{page 573 note 7} Hardy, op. cit., pp. 210–212; Bigandet, op. cit., pp. 170, 171; Rockhill, op. cit., pp. 53–57; Watters, op. cit., p. 12.

^{page 573 note 8} Hardy, op. cit., p. 210.

^{page 573 note 9} Hardy, op. cit., p. 318.

^{page 573 note 10} Bigandet, op. cit., p. 194; Hardy, op. cit., p. 319.

^{page 573 note 11} Legge's Fâ-hien, p. 66.

^{page 573 note 12} Laidlay's translation, p. 207, 8th cause. For other causes see Bigandet, op. cit., p. 282. There should therefore be one stūpa for this incident, not two as in all the translations but Legge's.

^{page 574 note 1} Hardy, op. cit., pp. 320, 321.

^{page 574 note 2} J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 542.

^{page 574 note 3} Watters, op. cit., ii, p. 12.

^{page 574 note 4} Bigandet, op. cit., p. 230.

^{page 574 note 5} See also Rockhill, op. cit., p. 52.

^{page 575 note 1} Hardy, op. cit., p. 156.

^{page 575 note 2} Antiquities, p. 44, pl. xxvii, fig. 1.

^{page 575 note 3} Rockhill, op. cit., p. 17.

^{page 575 note 4} J.R.A.S., 1906, p. 149.

^{page 575 note 5} Rockhill, op. cit., pp. 74–79, 116–120.

^{page 575 note 6} J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 578.

^{Page 576 note 1} J.R.A.S., 1906, P. 171; Avadāna Kalpalatā J. Bud. Text Soc., 1896, P. 5. A similar place was shown to Yuan Chwang 4 li S.E. from Śrāvastī, where Viḍūḍabha “ on seeing Buddha dispersed his soldiers ” (Beal, ii, p. 11). A stūpa marked the spot when Fa-hsīen visited it (Beal, i, p. Xlviii).

^{page 576 note 2} Rockhill, op. cit.. p. 22.

^{page 576 note 3} Antiquities, pp. 43, 46; J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 581.

^{page 576 note 4} Bigandet, op. cit., pp. 11, 193.

^{page 576 note 5} J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 547; Rockhill, op. cit., p. 20.

^{page 577 note 1} Oldenberg, Buddha, p. 412 (quoting Therāgathā); Hardy, op. cit., p. 317;m Bigandet, op. cit., p. 11.

^{page 577 note 2} Hardy, op. cit., p. 318.

^{page 577 note 3} Rockhill, op. cit., p. 20; J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 548.

^{page 577 note 4} Bigandet, op. cit., p. 230; J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 548.

^{page 577 note 5} Oldenberg, Buddha, p. 96;. Hardy, op. cit., p. 318; P.N., p. 18.

^{page 577 note 6} Gazetteer, N.W.P., vol. vi, 1881, pp. 294, 295.

^{page 577 note 7} P.N., p. 18.

^{page 578 note 1} Rockhill, op. cit., p. 19.

^{page 578 note 2} p. 203.

^{page 578 note 3} Bigandet, op. cit., p. 12.

^{page 578 note 4} Beal, Romantic Legend, p. 48.

^{page 578 note 5} Antiquities, p. 34.

^{page 579 note 1} J.R.A.S., 1898, p. 566.

^{page 579 note 2} Beal, ii, p. 26.

^{page 579 note 8} Antiquities, pp. 21, 22, pls. ii, iv.

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