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Iranian *Draw- “To Lead Astray”
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
Extract
In a fragment of the Sogdian translation of the Antirrheticus of Evagrius Ponticus, we encounter:
mzprt šm'ry ptryt qy 'rdywt 't zwyrtt m'x dbtyq qw γw'n s'
for which the original Syriac has:
luqbal ḥušbā ṭama'ā damšaddel umapne Ian tūb Iwāṯ ḥṭīṯā
Prof. Hansen translates, “Gegen den unreinen Gedanken, der uns verlockt(?) und uns wiederum zur Sünde lenkt”. In view of the one-to-one correspondence of all the other Sogdian words with the Syriac, there should be no reservation in equating the new word 'rdyw- with šaddel “beguile, entice, seduce”, therefore “verlockt” is satisfactory; E. Benveniste affirms the identification and translates “appâter, enjôler, δελεχειν”.
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References
page 119 note 1 Published in O., Hansen, Berliner sogdische Texte, II (= Abh. d. Ak. d. Wiss. u. d. Lit. Mainz, 1954, Nr. 15), 829Google Scholar.
page 119 note 2 Hansen, op. cit., 830.
page 119 note 3 JA, 1955, 300.
page 119 note 4 Parallel examples are B. 'rσ'yšρ-< Av. drafša- “banner”; Man. 'rδyf etc. < *drāfaya- “shine”; S. rδnk < drang- “fortified”: see Gershevitch, I., A Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, Oxford, 1954, §439Google Scholar.
page 119 note 5 Probably to be excluded also is *drau-ya-; cf. Man. bjy-, B. 'βz'y- < *abi-zawya-, according to Gershevitch, op. cit., § 187.
page 119 note 6 Gershevitch, § 546, and cf. § 574.
page 119 note 7 For the shortening of ā before wắ and the parallel shortening before ya, see Henning, W. B., TPS, 1947, 50Google Scholar, and Gershevitch, §§ 123–5. That there is only one example of -āwaya- > -awaya- should be viewed in the light of the rarity of -āya- > -aya-in pre-Sogdian verbs.
page 119 note 8 Apud Boyce, M., The Manichaean Hymn-Cycles in Parthian, 1954, 68, 69, 186bGoogle Scholar.
page 119 note 9 Henning, W. B., Sogdica, 1940, 24Google Scholar.
page 119 note 10 For this myth and its variations, see Cumont, F., Recherches sur le manichéisme, Bruxelles, 1908, 54–60Google Scholar.
page 120 note 1 I express my deep gratitude to Professor Henning for his assistance in the interpretation of the Parthian passages, and for a number of valuable remarks which he kindly made after reading the first draft of the present paper. Those observations of Professor Henning which I have incorporated into my text are indicated in the footnotes below as “suggestion by W. B. H.”
page 120 note 2 = Sitz. d. Ak. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1934, Nr. 27, 887.
page 120 note 3 BSOAS, XIII, 4, 1951, 912Google Scholar.
page 120 note 4 See Henning, , “Mitteliranisch”, in Handbuch der Orientalistik Abt. I, Bd. IV/1, Leiden, 1958, 117Google Scholar, where, however, there is a cautious allusion to Prof. Gershevitch's etymology of Oss. (i)dauæg.
page 120 note 5 — Šu‘ūrī, Lisān al-'Ajam, Qusṭanṭiniyya, 1155/1742.
page 120 note 6 This etymology of 'rδwc is based on a suggestion of W. B. H.
page 121 note 1 Hilfsbuch des Pehlevi, II, Uppsala, 1931, 101Google Scholar; the reading is retained in Nyberg's Manual of Pahlavi, I, Wiesbaden, 1964, 131bGoogle Scholar.
page 121 note 2 Suggestion of W. B. H., who also points out KBD ḥnglwtkyḥ, Kn., vii, 3; for his earlier proposal for Kn., iii, 4, see BSOS, IX, 1, 1937, 83Google Scholar.
page 121 note 3 See, for example, Pokorny, J., Indogermanisches vergleichendes Wörterbuch, I, Bern, 1959, 277Google Scholar.
page 121 note 4 With which Hitt. d(u)warnāi- “brechen, zerbrechen” (Friedrich) and OE dweorg etc. “dwarf” may be connected; Bartholomae's equation of the highly obscure Av. 2drva- with the Gmc. “dwarf” words, cited by Pokorny, op. cit., 279, is without foundation (cf. Bailey, H. W., BSOAS, XXIV, 3, 1961, 477–8)Google Scholar. For RV dhvar- “verletzen”, see Aufrecht, Th., KZ, 38, 499 ffGoogle Scholar.
page 122 note 1 The alleged participle dhruta- “harmed” apparently makes its first appearance in Whitney's Roots, where it is said to occur in the Taittirīya-Brāhmaṇa; it is unknown to Böhtlingk-Roth and Monier-Williams (cf. Mayrhofer, M., Kurzgefaβtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen, Heidelberg, 1957, 118–9)Google Scholar.
page 122 note 2 Definitions of RV words after Grassmann's Wörterbuch.
page 122 note 3 For the other reflexes of *dhreugh-, see Pokorny, 276, where, incidentally, a complicated chain *dhuer- > *dhṷer-gh- *dhṷṛgh- > *dhrugh- > *dhreugh-is proposed.