Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T23:10:09.250Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“Portuguese encounters with coastal Makran Baloch during the sixteenth century. Some references from a Balochi heroic epic”*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2009

Sabir Badalkhan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries tempted several European nations to exploit the opportunities for overseas trade by expanding their influence in distant seas and lands. When Vasco de Gama discovered a new route between Europe and South-East Asia during the last decade of the fifteenth century, Europeans increased their search for new colonies and for new trade routes. Like many other nations of the region the people of Balochistan also felt the impact of this new phenomenon. The Portuguese were the first European Colonisers to reach their shores.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , July 2000 , pp. 153 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The following is the revised English version of a paper published in Italian in M. L. Cusati (ed.), Il Portogallo e i mart: Un incontro tra le culture, Atti del Congresso Intemazionale, Napoli, 15–17 dicembn 1994, published by I.U.O. (Naples, 1996), pp. 281–303. A trip to Balochistan to collect material and other information relating to this work and another to Lisbon to look for any written record regarding the Portuguese presence in Makran were partially financed by MURST (fondi 40%: etnolinguistica dell'area iranka, directed by Prof. Adriano Rossi). My sincere thanks are due to Prof. Rossi, Istituto Univ. Orientale, Naples, for reading the Italian version, and to Prof. Margaret Mills, University of Pennsylvania, for reading an earlier draft of this version. But I am, of course, solely responsible for any shortcomings or inaccuracies. A previous draft of this article was also read by J. Elfenbein who made several suggestions some of which have been incorporated into the final version

References

Adamec, L., Zahidan and Southeastern Iran. Historical Gazetteer of Iran, vol. 4. (Graz-Austria, 1988). Reprint of the formerly secret Gazetteer of Iran, compiled in 1918, with corrections and additions of maps and considerable new material to take into account developments upto 1970.Google Scholar
Arrian, , History of Alexander and Indica, in two vols. vol. II, translated by Robson, E. I. (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1978).Google Scholar
Aubin, J., “Un Voyage de Goa à Ormuz en 1520”, Modern Asian Studies, 22/3 (Cambridge, 1988) 417–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badalkhan, S.,“A Glance at Balochi Oral Poetry: Problems and Prospects” Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies, 8: 3–30 (1991a).Google Scholar
MS. Poems collected during 1991 in Balochistan, (unpublished, 1991bGoogle Scholar
Poesia Epica e Tradizioni Orali Balochi: I Menestrelli Pahkwān del Makran” Ph. D. thesis, I.U.O. (Naples, 1994).Google Scholar
Baloch, I.,“Islam, the State and Identity: the Zikris of Balochistan” in Titus, P. (ed.), Marginality and Modernity (Karachi, 1995), pp. 223–249.Google Scholar
Baluch, M. S. K., A Literary History of the Baluchis, vol. I (Quetta, 1977).Google Scholar
Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, Vol. 7, Makran, 1906, Bombay. Reprinted by Gosha-e Adab. (Quetta, 1986).Google Scholar
Barker, M. A. R. and Mengal, A. K., A Course in Baluchi, 2 vols, McGill University (Montreal, 1969).Google Scholar
Besenval, R.,“Recent Archaeological Surveys in Pakistani Makran”, in Jarrige, C. (ed.), South Asian Archaeology 1989. Papers from the Tenth International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, Musée national des Arts asiatiques – Guimet, Paris, France, 3–7 July 1989, Monographs in World Archaeology no. 14, Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 25–35.Google Scholar
Bouchon, G.,“Portuguese documents on Sixteenth Century India” in Correia-Afonso, J. (ed.), Indo-European History. Sources and Problems (Bombay, 1981), pp. 86–98.Google Scholar
Correia-Afonso, J.,“Indian History in the Cartorio dos Jesuitas” in Correia-Afonso, J. (ed.), Indo- European History. Sources and Problems (Bombay, 1981), pp. 72–85.Google Scholar
Curzon, G. N., 1892 Persia and the Persian Question, 2 vols, London. Reprinted by Frank Cass and Co. Ltd. (London, 1966).Google Scholar
Dames, L.M. “The Portuguese and the Turks in the Indian Ocean in the 16th Century”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (London, 1921), pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Elfenbein, J.,A Baluchi Miscellanea of Erotica and Poetry: Codex Oriental Additional 24048 of the British Library, AION 43/2, Suppl. 35 (Napoli, 1983).Google Scholar
“Baluchi Language and Literature”, in Yarshater, E. (ed.), Encyclopaedia lranica, vol. III (London,1989), pp.633–644.Google Scholar
An Anthology of Modern and Classical Baluchi Literature, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden, 1990).Google Scholar
Faria y Sousa, M. de, Portuguese Asia or History of discovery of India by Portuguese, English translation from Portuguese by Stevens, Capt.J., 3 vols. (London, 1695) (reprinted in England, 1971).Google Scholar
Kausar, I. H.,Pakistan Movement in Baluchistan (Islamabad, [1980]).Google Scholar
Lorimer, J. G., Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Omān and Central Arabia, 2 vols., published by Superintendent Government Printing, India,.Calcutta. (Reprinted in Shannon, Ireland, 1970).Google Scholar
Mari, Mitha Khan and Khan, Surat, Balocčī–Urdu Lugāt, Baluchi Academy(Quetta, 1970).Google Scholar
Mengal Baloch, Mir Aqil, Baločī daznimišti kitāb ač Kamālān Gički(published from the MS presented to the British Museum by Col. S. B. Miles on August 4, 1885) (Quetta, 1982).Google Scholar
Miles, S. B. The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf (London, 1919), reprinted with an introduction by J. B., Kelly, (London, 1966).Google Scholar
Mockler, E., “On the Identification of Places on the Makrān Coast mentioned by Arrian, Ptolemy, and Marcian”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 11 (London, 1879), pp. 129–154.Google Scholar
Haji, Mulla n.d.TaḎẖhkira i Sultānān-i-Kech-u-Makrān [Mention of the rulers of Kech and Makran], MS. India Office Library, London, Persian Manuscript: Ethé 3003 (I.0.2549) (in Balochi).Google Scholar
Nasir, Gul Khan, Hammal-i jīand (Karachi, 1969)Google Scholar
Baločistān ki kahānī, šairon kī zabānī [The story of Balochistan recounted by poets], (Quetta, 1976).Google Scholar
Baločī razmīa šāirī [Balochi heroic poetry] (Quetta, 1979).Google Scholar
Panhwar, M. H., Source Material on Sind, Institute of Sindhology(Jamshoro, 1977).Google Scholar
Redaelli, R., Tlie Father's Bow. The Khanate of Kalāt and British India (19th–20th century), II Maestrale (Firenze, 1997).Google Scholar
Reis, Sidi Ali The Travels and Adventures of the Turkish Admiral Sidi Ali Reis in India, Afghanistan, Central Asia, and Persia, during the Years 1553–1556, translated from the Turkish, with notes by Vambé, A.(London, 1899).Google Scholar
Spooner, B. “Notes on the Toponymy of the Persian Makran”, in Bosworth, C. E. (ed.), Iran and Islam (Edinburgh, 1971), pp. 517–533.Google Scholar
Stein, A, An Archaeological Tour of Gedrosia. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, 43 (New Delhi, 1931)Google Scholar