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Feeding behaviour of the common dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus: older fish use more complex foraging strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2015

José De Anchieta C.C. Nunes ,
Renato H. A. Freitas ,
José A. Reis-Filho ,
Miguel Loiola  and
Cláudio L.S. Sampaio
José De Anchieta C.C. Nunes
Affiliation:
Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Utilidade Sócio-ambiental (Instituto ECUS), Salvador, Brasil Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento, Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica, Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Brasil
Renato H. A. Freitas*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Biologia de Teleósteos e Elasmobrânquios (LABITEL), Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
José A. Reis-Filho
Affiliation:
Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Utilidade Sócio-ambiental (Instituto ECUS), Salvador, Brasil Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento, Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica, Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Brasil
Miguel Loiola
Affiliation:
Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Utilidade Sócio-ambiental (Instituto ECUS), Salvador, Brasil Laboratório de Estudos de Recifes de Corais e Mudanças Globais (RECOR), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
Cláudio L.S. Sampaio
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Unidade de Ensino Penedo, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Penedo, Brasil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: R.H.A. Freitas, Laboratório de Biologia de Teleósteos e Elasmobrânquios (LABITEL), Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is widely distributed and represents an important part of the currently exploited fishery resources. This species’ feeding behaviour, however, is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the feeding behaviour of dolphinfish and the effect of body size (and the consequently aggregated learning experience) on the strategies used for capturing their prey. Observations were made from an oil platform in north-eastern Brazil. Dolphinfish length was visually estimated and classified into three size classes. The following foraging strategies were observed in our study: ‘active chasing’, ‘leaping out’, ‘swimming in circles’, ‘surf’, ‘using floating objects’ and ‘cleaning turtle carapaces’. The most frequently used foraging strategy was ‘active chasing’, suggesting a strong preference of dolphinfish in using visual cues during predation. Smaller size-classes of dolphinfish did not perform the ‘swimming in circles’ and ‘surf’ strategy, probably due to a lack of learning experience, since further social interactions could be needed in order to show this strategy. Smaller dolphinfish regularly showed the ‘using floating objects’ as a foraging strategy, probably reflecting an opportunistic behaviour. The smallest individuals were using more simple strategies, to chase smaller prey that could have different and less complex escape strategies. It indicates learning experience could play an important role into the dolphinfish ontogeny, moving towards more complex foraging strategies throughout their lives. Independently of the age class, the dolphinfish displayed a varied repertory of foraging strategies, maximizing hunting success in the open ocean, a hostile pelagic environment with a low prey availability.

Keywords

Ontogenypredator/prey interactionforaging behaviourpelagic fishlearningtime experienceSouth Atlantic
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , September 2015 , pp. 1277 - 1284
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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