Journal of the International Phonetic Association: Volume 20 -

What do we symbolize? Thoughts prompted by bilabial and labiodental fricatives
Peter Ladefoged
Published online by Cambridge University Press:

06 February 2009, pp. 32-36
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The contrast between bilabial and labiodental fricatives is comparatively rare in the world's languages. In his survey of 317 languages Maddieson (1984) notes only one that has the full set of voiced and voiceless sounds [φ, β, f, v], and only four other languages that contrast just the voiced pair. There is no doubt that these contrasts do occur, and that phonologists such as Sagey (1986) are wrong in neglecting to provide for them. This note will provide further particulars of the contrast in languages in which it has not been so well documented in the general linguistic literature. It will also suggest that this contrast may not be made in the same way in all languages, and discuss the implications for the IPA and for theories of phonetic description.

Errata
Published online by Cambridge University Press:

06 February 2009, p. 54
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The following errata appeared in the Journal, volume 19.2:
p.79 Last line omitted in printing. Last line should read: [ɹ]. Unstressed [ə[ is higher than stressed [ə].
p.80 In both charts the symbol [ɷ] should be [ʊ].
p.97 Paragraph 3, penultimate line: delete ‘n’ between ‘et’ and ‘le’
Paragraph 4, line 3, delete comma between ‘conservant’ and ‘une’

Erratum
Published online by Cambridge University Press:

06 February 2009, p. 73
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There were several errors in a book notice in the Journal, volume 18.1, p.55. The title should have read:
Martin Heepe (editor), Lautzeichen und ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sprachgebieten. Pp. xxviii + 116, reprint of 1928 edition (Reichsdruckerei, Berlin), with an introduction by Elmar Ternes, Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg, 1983.

Journal of the International Phonetic Association