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Age-Related Atrophy and Compensatory Neural Networks in Reading Comprehension

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2019

Megan C. Fitzhugh ,
B. Blair Braden ,
Marwan N. Sabbagh ,
Corianne Rogalsky  and
Leslie C. Baxter
Megan C. Fitzhugh
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Graduate Degree Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
B. Blair Braden
Affiliation:
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Marwan N. Sabbagh
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
Corianne Rogalsky
Affiliation:
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Leslie C. Baxter*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Leslie C. Baxter, Department of Neuropsychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ, 85054. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives: Despite changes to brain integrity with aging, some functions like basic language processes remain remarkably preserved. One theory for the maintenance of function in light of age-related brain atrophy is the engagement of compensatory brain networks. This study examined age-related changes in the neural networks recruited for simple language comprehension. Methods: Sixty-five adults (native English-speaking, right-handed, and cognitively normal) aged 17–85 years underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reading paradigm and structural scanning. The fMRI data were analyzed using independent component analysis to derive brain networks associated with reading comprehension. Results: Two typical frontotemporal language networks were identified, and these networks remained relatively stable across the wide age range. In contrast, three attention-related networks showed increased activation with increasing age. Furthermore, the increased recruitment of a dorsal attention network was negatively correlated to gray matter thickness in temporal regions, whereas an anterior frontoparietal network was positively correlated to gray matter thickness in insular regions. Conclusions: We found evidence that older adults can exert increased effort and recruit additional attentional resources to maintain their reading abilities in light of increased cortical atrophy.

Keywords

Agingcompensationlanguagefrontal attentionatrophyfunctional MRI
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 25 , Issue 6 , July 2019 , pp. 569 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019. 

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