“I have received from Einstein himself a copy of his recent papers, and I shall always consider it an honour to have done so. But still I am at liberty to say that the theory does not impress me as holding the secret of the laws of nature. I feel much more disposed to trust the classical theory, modified perhaps so as to recognise the principle of equivalence. Einstein's theory is wonderful—wonderful in its complexity and in the mathematical difficulties overcome. Newton's is even more wonderful—wonderful in its simplicity and in its agreement with nearly all the experimental evidence of two and a half centuries. I cannot agree with those who would make nature more akin to the complex than to the simple.”

All groups in this paper are Abelian. The notation is similar to Fuchs (1970) and Maclane (1963).

A group will be called full if it is the Galois group of an algebraic closure of a field. In this paper we first investigate full Abelian groups and classify them. Then we examine full groups from the point of view of how we can operate on them and still maintain the property of being full. Of course, by the fundamental theorem of the infinite Galois theory, closed subgroups (with standard profinite topology) of full groups are full. In general, products of full groups are notfull (for example, Z2 × Z2 is not full, by a theorem of Artin and Schreier (1927)); however we produce a set of groups which can always be attached as direct factors to full groups and still retain full groups. For the definition and basic properties of profinite groups we refer the reader to Cassels and Frohlich (1967). It has been shown by Leptin (1955) and independently by the author that profinite groups are Galois groups. The author (1971) has shown that if G is profinite, then G = Gdl(k/L) where L may have any desired characteristic and contains all primitive nth roots of unity, for all n. We will denote by p the pro-p-group which is the inverse limit of cyclic p-groups. (This is the group of p-adic integers).

Profinite groups (that is, compact totally disconnected topological groups) have been characterized as Galois groups in Krakowski (1971) and Leptin (1955). They can, in fact, be realized as groups of permutations on sets of transcendentals where every transcendental has a finite orbit under the group action and the fixed field is generated by the invariant rational functions on these orbits. If G = {G←x ¦ α∈A} we define the cardinality of G as ¦ G¦ = ¦A¦. In this paper we construct, for every cardinal number c and profinite group G with ¦G¦ ≦ c two universal fields kc and Kc so that G ≃ Gal (KcKG) and G ≃ (KGKc) for fields KG and kG which depend on G. See Cassels and Frohlich (1967) for a description of the basic properties of profinite groups.

Let k be a fixed integer ≧ 2. A positive integer n is called unitarily k-free, if the multiplicity of each prime factor of n is not a multiple of k; or equivalently, if n is not divisible unitarily by the k-th power of any integer > 1. By a unitary divisor, we mean as usual, a divisor d> 0 of n such that (d, n/d) = 1. The interger 1 is also considered to be unitarily k-free. The concept of a unitarily k-free integer was first introduced by Cohen (1961; §1). Let denote the set of unitarily k-free integers. When k = 2, the set coincides with the set Q* of exponentially odd integers (that is, integers in whose canonical representation each exponent is odd) discussed by Cohen himself in an earlier paper (1960; §1 and §6). A divisor d > 0 of the positive integer n is called a unitarily k-free divisor of n if d ∈ . Let (n) denote the number of unitarily k-free divisors of n.

Seidel (1959) established various boundary properties of holomorphic functions with spiral asymptotic paths. Especially, Theorem 4 which is the fundamental result of the paper; was generalized by Faust (1962), using essentially the same method that was employed by Seidel.

Let K be a field and G a finite group with subgroup H. We say that (G H) is a K-free pair if whenever M is a finitely generated KG-module whose restriction MH is a free KH-module, then M is a free KG-module. In this paper pairs of groups with this property will be investigated.

In (1957) Ward characterized trees as being certain compact idempotent commutative monotone mobs. The purpose of the present note is to obtain a similar characterization for the semitrees as studied by Muenzenberger and Smithson (1973, 1975).

In Lee (submitted), the GW-integral (the generalized Riemann integral using Wiener measure) is defined. The object of this article is to define stochastic integral in the set up given in Lee (submitted). We also investigate the connection between the stochastic integral defined with the Legesgue counter part, the Paley-Wiener-Zygmund integral in Paley, Weiner and Zygmund (1933). Applications of the stochastic integral will be explained elsewhere.

The Hardy classes for functions of bounded argument rotation and their derivatives are determined. In addition, if , then growth conditions for an are obtained.

An entire function f(z) is of bounded index if there exists a non-negative integer N such that . The least such integer N is called the index of f (se Lepson (1966)).

Throughout this note, let E, F and G be locally convex Hausdorff spaces over the real number field R. We denote real numbers by Greek letters. The sets of all continuous semi-norms on E and F will be denoted by P(E) and P(F) respectively, and A will always stand for an open subset of E.

A continuous real-linear operator A = A0 + i1A1 + i2A2 + i3A3 on a quaternionic Hilbert space is called sesquihermitian if the linear operators Av are Hermitian; this condition is independent of the choice of quaternion basis (i1,i2,i3). The joint spectral distribution of the Av provides a functional calculus for sesquihermitian operators and real-valued C∞-functions on . This calculus is independent of the quaternion basis and extends naturally to quaternion-valued functions to give a continuous quaternion-linear mapping from the algebra of these functions to that of sesquihermitian operators. The mapping is not, in general, multiplicative unless the Av commute, in which case it agrees with that for several commuting operators on complex Hilbert space.

This note is concerned with a certain property of point processes. We prove that if N1, N2 and N3 are three independent point processes, then the bivariate point process (N1 + N3+ N2 + N3) uniquely determines the point processes N1, N2 and N3.

The associative and the commutative laws are characterized by preservation under the construction of powers and addition of a (new) unit element. This is used to generate the varieties defined by the two laws from two element groupoids.

The purpose of this paper is to present a proof of the following theorem: Suppose Π is a set of dd primes, G is a finite Π-solvable group, and A is a nilpotent Π-subgroup of maximal order of G. Then G has a normal Π-complement, if and only if NG(ZJ(A)) has a normal Π-complement. (J(A) is the Thompson subgroup of A.)

In this note we specify the conditions under which the line graph of a fixing subgraph of a graph G is a smoothly embeddable subgraph of the line graph of G, and vice-versa.