Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:00:10.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Archaeological Investigations of Pattani History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2011

Abstract

Archaeological research at the Yarang complex of moated sites in Pattani demonstrates that this was an early historic Buddhist ceremonial centre and a later Islamic fortification, but probably not the early trade centre called Langkasuka. At Kerisik archaeological evidence supports the identification of this complex as the location of the fifteenth-eighteenth century trading port city of Patani.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The National University of Singapore 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

This paper is a revised version of the paper presented at the Tenth Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia in October 1986. The original conference paper has been amended to incorporate relevant results of fieldwork conducted in 1987. A Fulbright fellowship administered by the Thailand-U.S. Educational Foundation funded the position of archaeological consultant at the Center for Southern Thailand Studies. The second season of fieldwork was supported by a grant from the Esso-Standard (Thailand) Company, Ltd. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Center director Professor Praphon Ruangnarong and the assistance of Center staff archaeologist Mr. Sawang Lertrit, other participating members of the staff, field assistant Ms. Nanthiya Noosorn, and Fine Arts Department archaeologists Mr. Pathom Rasitanond and Mr. Graisin Unjaijinta.

1 Bradell, Roland, A Study of Ancient Times in the Malay Peninsula and the Straits of Malacca and Notes on Ancient Times in Malaya, JMBRAS Reprint No. 7 (Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1980), pp. 103, 416Google Scholar; A. Teeuw and David K. Wyatt, Hikayat Patani, The Story of Patani (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1985), pp. 12Google Scholar; Wheatley, Paul, The Golden Khersonese (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1961), p. 98Google Scholar.

2 The spelling of local place names is problematic. The current Thai- spellings are usually imperfect attempts to represent in Thai the names as spoken in the local Malay dialect. Romanization of the Thai i s one step farther removed from the original. On the other hand, official Malay spelling renders these names based on standard Malay pronunciation, but does not take into account local dialect differences. In this paper we have used the official romanization of the Thai spellings for current place names; thus Pattani for the Malay Patani, Pu Yut for Pujud, and Kru Se for Kerisik. However in referring to the former Malay kingdom of Patani and to sites of this kingdom, we have used the conventional Malay spellings, which are those commonly used in the historical texts and histories.

3 Teeuw and Wyatt 1970.

4 Syukri, Ibrahim, History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani, translated by Bailey, Conner and Miksic, John N., Southeast Asia Series No. 68 (Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1985).Google Scholar

5 Teeuw and Wyatt 1970, p. 7.

6 Bradell 1980, pp. 361–96, 416; Wheatley 1961, pp. 87, 264–65; Xianming, Feng, “On the Exports of Chinese Porcelains Prior to the Yuan Dynasty (with Reference to Discoveries of Chinese Potteries and Porcelains in Foreign Countries)”, in SPAFA Final Report: Consultative Workshop on Ceramics of East and Southeast Asia (Bangkok: SEAMEO, 1981), Appendix 8Google Scholar.

7 Wheatley 1961, pp. 252–67.

8 Wheatiey, ibid.; Bradell 1980, pp. 361–96; Coedes, George, The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, translated by Cowring, S. B., ed. Vella, Walter (Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1968), p. 39Google Scholar; Wales, H. G. Quaritch, The Malay Peninsula in Hindu Times (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1976)Google Scholar.

9 Coedes, George, “Le Royaume de Crivijaya”, Bulletin de I'École François d'Éxtreme-Orient 18, 6 (1918): 136CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Briggs, Lawrence P., “The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula”, Far Eastern Quarterly 9 (1950): 256305CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rajni, Chand Chirayu, “Background to the Sri Vijaya Story — Part I”, Journal of the Siam Society 62, 1 (1974): 174211Google Scholar.

10 Wheatley 1961, p. 118.

11 Tuanlin, Ma, Ethnographie des Peuples Etrangers a la Chine, translated by Saint-Denys, Marquis d'Hervey de (Geneve: H. Georg, 1883), Part 2, pp. 455–56.Google Scholar

12 Wavell, Stewart, The Naga King's Daughter (London: Allen and Unwin, 1964).Google Scholar

13 Watananikorn, Anan, Lae Lang Muang Tani [Tracing the Past of Pattani] (Pattani: Center for Southern Thailand Studies, 1985), pp. 220.Google Scholar

14 H. G. Quaritch Wales 1976, pp. 62–70; Langkasuka and Tambralinga: Some Archaeological Notes”, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 47, 1 (1974): 1540Google Scholar.

15 Chamoraman, Chusiri, Kanwichai Khomul Thang Silpa lae Borankhadi nay Muang Boran thi Amphoe Yarang Changwat Pattani Phua Suksa Pen Lakthan Thang Prawatisat [Research on the Findings in Art and Archaeology at the Ancient City of Yarang, Pattani in Order to Study Them as Historical Sources] (Nakhon Pathom: Department of History, Silpakorn University, 1985).Google Scholar

16 Stargardt, Janice, “The Place of the Satingpra Ceramic Sequence in Asian Maritime Trade, 8–14th Century A.D.”, in SPAFA Final Report: Consultative Workshop on Ceramics of East and Southeast (Bangkok: SEAMEO, 1981)Google Scholar, Appendix 9.

17 Thailand Fine Arts Department, Raingan Kansamruat Khutkhon Thang Dan Borankhadi Boriwen Muang Boran Yarang Lae Klaikhiang Amphoe Yarang Changwat Pattani [Report of Archaeological Survey and Excavation at the Ancient City of Yarang and its Vicinity, Yarang District, Pattani] (South Thailand Archaeological Project, Archaeology Division, Fine Arts Department, Thailand, 1985).Google Scholar

18 Vallibhotama, Srisakra, “Ancient Settlements in the Four Southernmost Provinces”, Muang Boran Journal 5, 2 (1979): 4261Google Scholar; “A Survey of Ancient Settlements in Southern Thailand”, in SPAFA Final Report: Consultative Workshop on Archaeological and Environmental Studies on Srivijaya (I-W2a) (Bangkok: SEAMEO, 1981)Google Scholar, Appendix 3d ; Sathing Phra and Langkasuka”, Muang Boran Journal 10, 1 (1984): 2332Google Scholar.

19 Benjamin, Geoffrey, “In the Long Term: Three Themes in Malayan Cultural Ecology”, in Cultural Values and Human Ecology in Southeast Asia, ed. Hutterer, Karl L., Rambo, A. Terry, and Lovelace, George (Ann Arbor, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1985), pp. 219–78.Google Scholar

20 Welch, David J., “Settlement Pattern as an Indicator of Subsistence and Political Organization in the Phimai Region, Thailand”, in Southeast Asian Archaeology at the XV Pacific Science Congress, ed Bayard, Donn (Dunedin, University of Otago Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology, Vol. 16, 1984), pp. 129–51.Google Scholar

21 Fine Arts Department 1985, pp. 11–13; Wales 1974.

22 Syukri 1985, pp. 46–17.

23 Anan Watanikorn 1985, pp. 2–12, 18–20.

24 Fine Arts Department 1985, pp. 17–24.

25 Stargardt, Janice, Satingpra I: The Environmental and Economic Archaeology of South Thailand, BAR International Series 158 (Oxford: British Archaeological Records, 1983), pp. 28, 93.Google Scholar

26 Benjamin, Geoffrey, “Between Isthmus and Islands: Reflections on Malayan Palaeo-Sociology”, Working Paper No. 71 (Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, 1986).Google Scholar

27 Stargaidt 1981; 1983, pp. 23–24.

28 Syukri 1985, pp. 13–15.

29 Franke, Wolfgang, “A 1592 Inscribed Chinese Tombstone Found in Pattani”, Journal of the South Seas Society 39 (1984): 6162.Google Scholar

30 Bougas, Wayne A., “Some Early Islamic Tombstones in Patani”, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 59, 1 (1986): 85112.Google Scholar

31 Prachuabmoh, Chawiwun, “Changing Values in Market Trading: A Thai Muslim Case Study”Google Scholar, in Hutterer, Rambo, and Lovelace, pp. 279–306.

32 Kennedy, Jean I., “From Stage to Development in Prehistoric Thailand: An Exploration of the Origins of Growth, Exchange, and Variability in Southeast Asia”, in Economic Exchange and Social Interaction in Southeast Asia: Perspectivesfrom Prehistory, History, and Ethnography, ed. , K. L. (Ann Arbor, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1977), pp. 2338Google Scholar; Charoenwongsa, Pisit and Bayard, Donn T., “Non Chai: New Dates on Metalworking and Trade from Northeast Thailand”, Current Anthropology 24 (1983): 521–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Higham, Charles F. W. and Kijngam, Amphan, Prehistoric Investigations in Northeast Thailand, B.A.R. International Series No. 231 (Oxford: British Archaeological Records, 1984)Google Scholar; Welch, David J., “Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Exchange Patterns in the Phimai Region, Thailand”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (1989) (this issue)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

33 Wisseman, Jan, “Markets and Trade in Pre-Madjapahit Java”, in Hutterer 1977, pp. 197212.Google Scholar

34 Skeat, W. W. and Landilaw, F. F., “The Cambridge University Expedition to Parts of the Malay Peninsula”, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 26, 4 (1953): 3174.Google Scholar