Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T16:58:51.296Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Telephone Quitline Use and Effectiveness Among Young Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2013

Lei Zhang ,
Ann Malarcher ,
Jennifer M. Bombard  and
Vance Rabius
Lei Zhang*
Affiliation:
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
Ann Malarcher
Affiliation:
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
Jennifer M. Bombard
Affiliation:
Division of Reproductive Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
Vance Rabius
Affiliation:
The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX
*
Address for Correspondence: Lei Zhang, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction: Although smoking prevalence has declined dramatically among adults in the past 40 years, 19.3% of adults still smoke, including 20.1% of adults aged 18–24 years. Quitlines are effective, population-based interventions that increase successful cessation.

Aims: This study aims to describe the characteristics of young adult smokers aged 18–24 years who used telephone cessation counselling for assistance with quitting, to assess self-reported quit rates, and to examine predictors of quitting, compared to older adults.

Methods: We examined data from 4,542 young adult smokers aged 18–24 years and 46,094 smokers aged ≥25 years who enrolled in the American Cancer Society's quitline services during 2006–2008.

Results: Young adult smokers aged 18–24 years who called quitlines differed slightly from older adults in demographics and tobacco-use behaviours. There were no age-related differences in self-reported seven-day quit rates or 30-day quit rates at the seven-month follow-up. Predictors of quitting were mostly similar for the young adults and the older adults, although the odds of quitting were lower among young adults for living with vs. not living with a smoker.

Conclusions: Although young adult smokers under-utilise telephone cessation quitlines for assistance with quitting, those who do use these services have quit rates similar to older adults.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , December 2014 , pp. 109 - 118
Creative Commons
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, C. M., & Zhu, S.H. (2007). Tobacco quitlines: looking back and looking ahead. Tobacco Control, 16 Suppl 1, i81–86. doi: 10.1136/tc.2007.020701Google Scholar
Bala, M., Strzeszynski, L., & Cahill, K. (2008). Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(1), CD004704. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub2Google Scholar
Berg, C. J., & Schauer, G. L. (2012). Results of a feasibility and acceptability trial of an online smoking cessation program targeting young adult nondaily smokers. Journal of Environmental Public Health, 248541. doi: 10.1155/2012/248541Google Scholar
Berg, C. J., Sutfin, E. L., Mendel, J., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2012). Use of and interest in smoking cessation strategies among daily and nondaily college student smokers. Journal of American College Health, 60 (3), 194–202. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2011.586388Google Scholar
Bush, T. M., McAfee, T., Deprey, M., Mahoney, L., Fellows, J. L., McClure, J., & Cushing, C. (2008). The impact of a free nicotine patch starter kit on quit rates in a state quit line. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 10 (9), 1511–1516. doi: 10.1080/14622200802323167Google Scholar
CDC. (2004). The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Google Scholar
CDC. (2007). Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs – 2007. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Google Scholar
CDC. (2008). Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses – United States, 2000–2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 57 (45), 1226–1228.Google Scholar
CDC. (2011a). Quitting smoking among adults – United States, 2001–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 60 (44), 1513–1519.Google Scholar
CDC. (2011b). Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged >/= 18 years – United States, 2005–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 60 (35), 1207–1212./=+18+years+–+United+States,+2005–2010.+Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report+(MMWR),+60(35),+1207–1212.>Google Scholar
CDC. (2012a). Increases in quitline calls and smoking cessation website visitors during a national tobacco education campaign – March 19–June 10, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 61, 667–670.Google Scholar
CDC. (2012b). Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults : a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Cummins, S. E., Bailey, L., Campbell, S., Koon-Kirby, C., & Zhu, S. H. (2007). Tobacco cessation quitlines in North America: a descriptive study. Tobacco Control, 16 Suppl 1, i9–15. doi: 10.1136/tc.2007.020370Google Scholar
Cummins, S. E., Hebert, K. K., Anderson, C. M., Mills, J. A., & Zhu, S. H. (2007). Reaching young adult smokers through quitlines. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (8), 1402–1405. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.101741Google Scholar
Curry, S. J., Sporer, A. K., Pugach, O., Campbell, R. T., & Emery, S. (2007). Use of tobacco cessation treatments among young adult smokers: 2005 National Health Interview Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 97 (8), 1464–1469. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.103788Google Scholar
Dedobbeleer, N., Beland, F., Contandriopoulos, A. P., & Adrian, M. (2004). Gender and the social context of smoking behaviour. Social Science & Medicine, 58 (1), 1–12. doi: S0277953603001394Google Scholar
Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & Sutherland, I. (1994). Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ, 309 (6959), 901–911.Google Scholar
Farrelly, M., Mann, N., Watson, K., & Pechacek, T. (2013). The influence of television advertisements on promoting calls to telephone quitlines. Health Education Research, 28 (1), 15–22. doi: 10.1093/her/cys113Google Scholar
Fiore, M. C. (2008). Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence : 2008 Update, Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.Google Scholar
Hollis, J. F., McAfee, T. A., Fellows, J. L., Zbikowski, S. M., Stark, M., & Riedlinger, K. (2007). The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of telephone counselling and the nicotine patch in a state tobacco quitline. Tobacco Control, 16 Suppl 1, i53–59. doi: 10.1136/tc.2006.019794Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R., Keely, J. P., Niaura, R. S., Ossip-Klein, D. J., Richmond, R. L., & Swan, G. E. (2003). Measures of abstinence in clinical trials: issues and recommendations. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 5 (1), 13–25.Google Scholar
Jha, P., Ramasundarahettige, C., Landsman, V., Rostron, B., Thun, M., Anderson, R. N., . . . Peto, R. (2013). 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 368 (4), 341–350. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1211128Google Scholar
Kasza, K. A., Hyland, A. J., Borland, R., McNeill, A. D., Bansal-Travers, M., Fix, B. V., . . . Cummings, K. M. (2013). Effectiveness of stop-smoking medications: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Addiction, 108 (1), 193–202. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04009.xGoogle Scholar
Keller, P. A., Feltracco, A., Bailey, L. A., Li, Z., Niederdeppe, J., Baker, T. B., & Fiore, M. C. (2010). Changes in tobacco quitlines in the United States, 2005–2006. Preventing Chronic Disease, 7 (2), A36.Google Scholar
McAfee, T. A., Bush, T., Deprey, T. M., Mahoney, L. D., Zbikowski, S. M., Fellows, J. L., & McClure, J. B. (2008). Nicotine patches and uninsured quitline callers. A randomized trial of two versus eight weeks. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35 (2), 103–110. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NAQC. (2009a). Measuring quit rates. http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.naquitline.org/resource/resmgr/docs/naqc_issuepaper_measuringqui.pdfGoogle Scholar
NAQC. (2009b). Tobacco cessation quitlines: a good investment to save lives, decrease direct medical costs and increase productivity. www.naquitline.org/resource/. . ./naqc_issuepaper_tobaccocessa.pdfGoogle Scholar
NAQC. (2011). Results from the 2010 NAQC annual survey of quitlines. http://www.naquitline.org/?page=survey2010Google Scholar
Ossip-Klein, D. J., & McIntosh, S. (2003). Quitlines in North America: evidence base and applications. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 326 (4), 201–205.Google Scholar
Patrick, D. L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D. C., Diehr, P., Koepsell, T., & Kinne, S. (1994). The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 84 (7), 1086–1093.Google Scholar
Pierce, J. P., Cummins, S. E., White, M. M., Humphrey, A., & Messer, K. (2012). Quitlines and nicotine replacement for smoking cessation: do we need to change policy? Annual Review of Public Health, 33, 341–356. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124624Google Scholar
Poynter, M., Bullen, C., Whittaker, R., & Grigg, M. (2008). Under-18 year old callers to New Zealand's Quitline. Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 121 (1271), 24–32.Google Scholar
Rabius, V., McAlister, A. L., Geiger, A., Huang, P., & Todd, R. (2004). Telephone counseling increases cessation rates among young adult smokers. Health Psychology, 23 (5), 539–541. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.539Google Scholar
Rabius, V., Pike, K. J., Hunter, J., Wiatrek, D., & McAlister, A. L. (2007). Effects of frequency and duration in telephone counselling for smoking cessation. Tobacco Control, 16 Suppl 1, i71–74. doi: 10.1136/tc.2007.019950Google Scholar
Rothwell, P. M. (2005). External validity of randomised controlled trials: “to whom do the results of this trial apply?”. Lancet, 365 (9453), 82–93. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17670-8Google Scholar
Sims, T. H., McAfee, T., Fraser, D. L., Baker, T. B., Fiore, M. C., & Smith, S. S. (2012). Quitline cessation counseling for young adult smokers: a randomized clinical trial. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts227Google Scholar
Suls, J. M., Luger, T. M., Curry, S. J., Mermelstein, R. J., Sporer, A. K., & An, L. C. (2012). Efficacy of smoking-cessation interventions for young adults: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42 (6), 655–662. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.013Google Scholar
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2012). Recommendations regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Retrieved December, 13, 2012, from http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
The Quit Group. (2012). The quit group service longitudinal client survey six month follow-up.Google Scholar
Tindle, H. A., & Shiffman, S. (2011). Smoking cessation behavior among intermittent smokers versus daily smokers. American Journal of Public Health, 101 (7), e1–3. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300186Google Scholar
Vaidya, V., Partha, G., & Karmakar, M. (2012). Gender differences in utilization of preventive care services in the United States. Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt), 21 (2), 140–145. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.2876Google Scholar
Zhu, S. H. (2000). Telephone quitlines for smoking cessation Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph (12th ed.). Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health.Google Scholar
Zhu, S. H., Gardiner, P., Cummins, S., Anderson, C., Wong, S., Cowling, D., & Gamst, A. (2011). Quitline utilization rates of African-American and white smokers: the California experience. American Journal of Health Promotion, 25(5 Suppl), S51–58. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.100611-QUAN-185Google Scholar
Zhu, S. H., Rosbrook, B., Anderson, C., Gilpin, E., Sadler, G., & Pierce, J. (1995). The demographics of help-seeking for smoking cessation in California and the role of the California Smokers’ Helpline. Tobacco Control, 4(Supplement 1: Tobacco Control Policy Research in California), S9–15. doi: 10.2307/20747405Google Scholar